Download or read book Macrophage Regulation in the Murine Inflammatory Response written by Sherri Moore Shine and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of acute and chronic liver disease is a complex condition involving the dysregulation of hepatic metabolism and the accumulation of critical immune cells; specifically, the recruitment and activation of macrophages. The relationship between lipid accumulation, cytokine expression, and hepatic macrophages remains an area of further study. The purpose of these studies was to assess the role of the macrophage in the context of liver disease. Various mechanistic studies involving genetic mouse models of liver disease including alcoholic (ALD), nonalcoholic (NAFLD) and toxin-induced hepatitis were used to replicate the multiple variables associated with a hepatic immune response. Further, cellular based studies using bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) and isolated Kupffer cells (KCs) were used to verify whole animal data in areas of immune cell regulation. Fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) are becoming recognized as key regulators of both the inflammatory response and lipid metabolism. Therefore, the effect FABP1 and FABP5 deletion on the early signs of liver injury associated with ethanol exposure in mice were first investigated. These studies demonstrated that FABP1, but not FABP5, regulates hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation in the context on ALD. On the other hand, FABP5 is highly expressed in macrophages and may play an important role in the hepatic inflammatory response after endotoxin (LPS) exposure in mice. Specifically, these findings demonstrate that loss of FABP5 promotes a more anti-inflammatory response in the macrophage. Lastly, we focused on the hypothesis that Dicer regulates the development of a unique macrophage population that facilitates the resolution of hepatic fibrosis. We found that loss of Dicer in the macrophage delays hepatic fibrosis repair. In summary, this dissertation discusses the mechanisms of innate immune cell activation and the regulation of macrophage function in relation to acute and chronic liver injury. Further, these studies demonstrate that macrophages are an integral component of the immune system which delicately regulate hepatic metabolism and inflammatory and anti-inflammatory processes in the context of liver disease.

Download or read book Macrophage Regulation of Immunity written by Emil Unanue and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Macrophage Regulation of Immunity contains the proceedings of a conference held in Augusta, Michigan, on March 12-14, 1979. The papers examine the role of macrophages in the regulation of cellular immune reactions. They highlight the interaction between macrophages and T cells, along with immune response gene control and macrophage secretion of a number of lymphostimulatory molecules. Organized into six sections encompassing 35 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of antigen handling and presentation, immune response gene control, antigen-presenting cells, and factors affecting lymphocyte-macrophage interactions. It then discusses genetic control of T cell-macrophage interaction in helper cell induction in vitro; mechanisms underlying the interaction of guinea pig T lymphocytes with antigen-pulsed macrophages; and secretion of arachidonic acid oxygenation products by mononuclear phagocytes and their possible role as modulators of lymphocyte function. The book also covers regulation of intracellular killing by extracellular stimulation of the monocyte membrane, and adjuvant activation of macrophage functions. Students and scientists will find this book extremely helpful.

Download or read book Macrophage Activation written by Khalid Hussain Bhat and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-03-25 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Macrophages are the sentinels of the immune system whose role has evolved beyond providing aseptic conditions to homeostasis, immune regulation, development, and behaviour. These cells have varied ontogenetic origins which reflects in their phenotypic and functional heterogeneity. Macrophage functions are fine-tuned by exogenous and endogenous signals and once tweaked, the information is included in their genetic makeup, albeit not indefinitely. Subversion of the macrophage functions is the hallmark of many pathogenic organisms and modulation of macrophage activity is pivotal to many therapeutic strategies. Fascinating and rapid developments in this field have necessitated the maintenance of currency of knowledge. This book provides a current account of information on varied topics in macrophage biology. Literature surveys have been presented in a captivating and lucid language. The contributing authors have also provided brief accounts of their own research. Every chapter provides a future perspective of what more could be achieved in the context of the current knowledge. The book will be of interest to students and researchers in microbiology, immunobiology, translational research, pathology, and related fields.

Download or read book Transcriptional regulation of macrophage function written by Marten A. Hoeksema and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-12-26 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Macrophages in inflammation and its resolution written by Heiko Mühl and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Macrophages were initially identified as a key element in the innate host response to infection and injury due to their phagocytic clearance and elimination of pathogenic and non-pathogenic entities. However, as macrophage research advanced it became clear that not only are these cells amenable to the acquisition of multiple plastic phenotypes during inflammatory responses to different pathogens, they also play a paramount role in the termination of inflammation and acquired immune responses. In addition, macrophages profoundly affect host physiology when they migrate to distant sites and differentiate to specialized cells, like foam cells, osteoclasts, adipose tissue- and tumor -associated macrophages and other macrophage-derived cell types. These processes are affected by the inflammation-resolution axis and can result in health threats, such as atherosclerosis, bone loss, obesity, fibrosis and cancer. This Research Topic issue will cover a wide range of topics in macrophage biology: 1. Macrophages in immune responses to pathogens 2. Macrophages in the termination of acute and acquired immunity. 3. The role of macrophages and their descendents in inflammation-associated pathologies. 4. Macrophage polarization and differentiation. Particular focus will be given to the modulation of macrophage phenotype and function following their encounter with apoptotic cells and the signaling cascades that govern these changes.

Download or read book Regulation of MRNA Translation During the Inflammatory Response in Murine Macrophages written by Juliana Blin-Gonthier and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dynamic regulation of the protein synthesis process participates in the cell adaptation to a constantly evolving environment. Despite its critical role in gene expression regulation, the understanding of translational control in fundamental biological processes, such as immune responses, is still incomplete. The implementation of new approaches based on deep sequencing can be used to fill the gap in the knowledge of protein synthesis regulation. Notably, monosome vs polysome footprinting is an innovative approach derived from ribosome profiling that allow the characterization of 80S footprints derived either from monosomes or polysomes associated ribosomes. In this work, I identified the key parameters required to obtain a robust picture of ribosomal densities across cellular mRNAs using monosome vs polysome footprinting in murine primary bone-marrow derived macrophages (pBMDM). These immune cells are particularly interesting to study protein synthesis regulation in evolving conditions as they display a high sensitivity towards their environment and have the ability to trigger different gene expression programs depending on external cues. Their high phenotypic plasticity is in fact essential to ensure their protective functions in the organism such as the triggering and the resolution of the inflammatory response. As monosome vs polysome footprinting was initially developed in yeast, the adaptation of this method to study murine immune cells required extensive optimizations. The resulting protocol developed in this work was used to confirm that, contrary to a long lasting belief in the scientific community, murine pBMDM monosomes are actively involved in the translation process. Interestingly, we were able to recapitulate similar observations to what was previously observed in yeast regarding the features of mRNAs preferentially bound to monosomes or polysomes in murine pBMDM. This could suggest that the differential trafficking of ribosomes depending on specific features of the cellular mRNAs is a conserved mechanism of translational control. Importantly, the distribution of ribosomes across the different mRNAs is not random and the proper ribosome allocation pattern could be critical to adapt protein synthesis levels to the cellular needs. Here we developed a robust strategy to study this overlooked transcript-specific mechanism of translational control. Moreover, our optimized protocol can now be used to study the impact of translation through monosomes or polysomes at different stages of the inflammatory response in murine macrophages.

Download or read book M1 M2 Macrophages The Arginine Fork in the Road to Health and Disease written by Charles Dudley Mills and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-03-23 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Macrophages have unique and diverse functions necessary for survival. And, in humans (and other species), they are the most abundant leukocytes in tissues. The Innate functions of macrophages that are best known are their unusual ability to either “Kill” or “Repair”. Since killing is a destructive process and repair is a constructive process, it was stupefying how one cell could exhibit these 2 polar – opposite functions. However, in the late 1980’s, it was shown that macrophages have a unique ability to enzymatically metabolize Arginine to Nitric Oxide (NO, a gaseous non – specific killer molecule) or to Ornithine (a precursor of polyamines and collagen for repair). The dual Arginine metabolic capacity of macrophages provided a functional explanation for their ability to kill or repair. Macrophages predominantly producing NO are called M1 and those producing Ornithine are called M2. M1 and M2 – dominant responses occur in lower vertebrates, and in T cell deficient vertebrates being directly driven by Damage and Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMP and PAMP). Thus, M1 and M2 are Innate responses that protect the host without Adaptive Immunity. In turn, M1/M2 is supplanting previous models in which T cells were necessary to “activate” or “alternatively activate” macrophages (the Th1/Th2 paradigm). M1 and M2 macrophages were named such because of the additional key findings that these macrophages stimulate Th1 and Th2 – like responses, respectively. So, in addition to their unique ability to kill or repair, macrophages also govern Adaptive Immunity. All of the foregoing would be less important if M1 or M2 – dominant responses were not observed in disease. But, they are. The best example to date is the predominance of M2 macrophages in human tumors where they act like wound repair macrophages and actively promote growth. More generally, humans have become M2 – dominant because sanitation, antibiotics and vaccines have lessened M1 responses. And, M2 dominance seems the cause of ever - increasing allergies in developed countries. Obesity represents a new and different circumstance. Surfeit energy (e.g., lipoproteins) causes monocytes to become M1 dominant in the vessel walls causing plaques. Because M1 or M2 dominant responses are clearly causative in many modern diseases, there is great potential in developing the means to selectively stimulate (or inhibit) either M1 or M2 responses to kill or repair, or to stimulate Th1 or Th2 responses, depending on the circumstance. The contributions here are meant to describe diseases of M1 or M2 dominance, and promising new methodologies to modulate the fungible metabolic machinery of macrophages for better health.

Download or read book Macrophages and Natural Killer Cells written by Sigurd J. Normann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 814 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the outcome of a meeting held in Davos, Switzerland, February 7-12, 1982 focused primarily on mononuclear phagocytes and on natural killer (NK) cells. This IX International RES Congress was attended by 489 scientists from 31 countries and there were 340 scientific presentations in oral or poster session. The essential purpose of the Congress was to bring together scientists representing various aspects of mononuclear phagocyte biology to review and examine cri~ically the effects and mechanisms of macrophage growth control as well as the participatio~ of these cells in the afferent and efferent limbs of the immune response. Additional topics included the production and distribution of mono nuclear phagocytes; the intrinsic and extrinsic regulation of these cells; and the origin, nature, function and regulation of NK cells. The ultimate goal of the Congress was to enhance communication between scientists in various countries and disciplines so that new research directives could be defined with which to explore basic aspects of macrophage and NK cell participation in the control of cancer and infection.

Download or read book The Regulation of Class II Major Histocompatibility Expression in Murine Macrophages written by Theodore Zimmer and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Immunobiology of the Macrophage written by David S. Nelson and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-06-28 with total page 652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Immunobiology of the Macrophage presents an account of the state of knowledge of the immunobiology of the macrophage. The book’s contributors—immunologists of diverse scientific and geographic backgrounds—have been encouraged to give personal accounts of developments in their special fields of interest as well as critical surveys of the backgrounds leading to these developments. The book begins with a study on the functions of macrophages in the initiation and regulation of antibody responses in vitro. This is followed by separate chapters on topics such as the role of macrophages in making antigen more immunogenic and less tolerogenic; functional distinctions between macrophages at different sites; and the role of the macrophage in antigen recognition by T lymphocytes. Subsequent chapters examine interactions between macrophages and lymphocytes in the production of interferon and other mediators of cellular immunity; macrophage cell lines and their uses in immunobiology; and cytotoxic macrophages in allograft rejection.

Download or read book The Regulation of the Inflammatory Response in Tie 2 Expressing Monocytes by Tie 2 Ligands written by Alexandra Bernice Chung and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook on Immunosenescence written by Tamas Fulop and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-02-27 with total page 1693 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This authoritative handbook covers all aspects of immunosenescence, with contributions from experts in the research and clinical areas. It examines methods and models for studying immunosenescence; genetics; mechanisms including receptors and signal transduction; clinical relevance in disease states including infections, autoimmunity, cancer, metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative diseases, frailty and osteoporosis; and much more.

Download or read book The Macrophage written by Claire E. Lewis and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1992 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically, the study of immunology has focused to a large extent on the central role of antigen recognition and antibody structure and function in the response of the host to infection. In the last two decades, however, scientists have been turning their attention to the involvement of various cell types in host defense. This volume provides a collection of absorbing reviews written by expert scientists on this developing topic. A broad range of material is included relating to the molecular and cell biology of the macrophage and its host defence activity in human disease. The important role that these cells play in hemopoiesis and the functioning of the nervous system is also discussed. Advanced students and researchers in immunology, cell biology, and medicine will find The Macrophage a valuable source of current research into this emerging field.

Download or read book Tissue Repair and Fibrosis written by Alexis Desmouliere and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With contributions by numerous experts

Download or read book Translating Regenerative Medicine to the Clinic written by Jeffrey Laurence and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-11-18 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Translating Regenerative Medicine to the Clinic reviews the current methodological tools and experimental approaches used by leading translational researchers, discussing the uses of regenerative medicine for different disease treatment areas, including cardiovascular disease, muscle regeneration, and regeneration of the bone and skin. Pedagogically, the book concentrates on the latest knowledge, laboratory techniques, and experimental approaches used by translational research leaders in this field. It promotes cross-disciplinary communication between the sub-specialties of medicine, but remains unified in theme by emphasizing recent innovations, critical barriers to progress, the new tools that are being used to overcome them, and specific areas of research that require additional study to advance the field as a whole. Volumes in the series include Translating Gene Therapy to the Clinic, Translating Regenerative Medicine to the Clinic, Translating MicroRNAs to the Clinic, Translating Biomarkers to the Clinic, and Translating Epigenetics to the Clinic. Encompasses the latest innovations and tools being used to develop regenerative medicine in the lab and clinic Covers the latest knowledge, laboratory techniques, and experimental approaches used by translational research leaders in this field Contains extensive pedagogical updates aiming to improve the education of translational researchers in this field Provides a transdisciplinary approach that supports cross-fertilization between different sub-specialties of medicine

Download or read book Immunomodulatory Biomaterials written by Stephen F. Badylak and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2021-07-30 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomaterials have existed for millennia as mechanical replacement structures following disease or injury. Biomaterial design has changed markedly from structural support with an “inert immune profile as the primary objective to designs that elicit an integrative local tissue response and a pro-repair immune cell phenotype. Immunomodulatory Biomaterials: Regulating the Immune Response with Biomaterials to Affect Clinical Outcome offers a single, comprehensive reference on biomaterials for modulation of the host response, for materials scientists, tissue engineers and those working in regenerative medicine. This book details methods, materials and strategies designed to regulate the host immune response following surgical implantation and thus facilitate specific local cell infiltration and tissue deposition. There has been a dramatic transformation in our understanding of the role of the immune system, both innate and adaptive; these changes include recognition of the plasticity of immune cells, especially macrophages, cross-talk between the immune system and stem cells, and the necessity for in situ transition between inflammatory and regulatory immune cell phenotypes. The exploitation of these findings and the design and manufacture of new biomaterials is occurring at an astounding pace. There is currently no book directed at the interdisciplinary principles guiding the design, manufacture, testing, and clinical translation of biomaterials that proactively regulate the host tissue immune response. The challenge for academia, industry, and regulatory agencies to encourage innovation while assuring safety and maximizing efficacy has never been greater. Given the highly interdisciplinary requirements for the design, manufacture and use of immunomodulatory biomaterials, this book will prove a useful single resource across disciplines. Holistically covers the design, manufacture, testing, and clinical translation of biomaterials that proactively regulate the host tissue immune response Provides a single reference for understanding and utilizing the host response in biomaterials design An international collaboration of leading researchers in the field offering a novel insight into this fast-growing area

Download or read book Host Response to Biomaterials written by Stephen F. Badylak and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-05-08 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Host Response to Biomaterials: The Impact of Host Response on Biomaterial Selection explains the various categories of biomaterials and their significance for clinical applications, focusing on the host response to each biomaterial. It is one of the first books to connect immunology and biomaterials with regard to host response. The text also explores the role of the immune system in host response, and covers the regulatory environment for biomaterials, along with the benefits of synthetic versus natural biomaterials, and the transition from simple to complex biomaterial solutions. Fields covered include, but are not limited to, orthopaedic surgery, dentistry, general surgery, neurosurgery, urology, and regenerative medicine. Explains the various categories of biomaterials and their significance for clinical applications Contains a range of extensive coverage, including, but not limited to, orthopedic, surgery, dental, general surgery, neurosurgery, lower urinary tract, and regenerative medicine Includes regulations regarding combination devices