Download or read book Macroinvertebrates of the Pacific Northwest written by Jeff Adams and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Guide to Pacific Northwest Aquatic Invertebrates written by Rick Hafele and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book River Ecology and Management written by Robert Naiman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-02-16 with total page 734 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the vast expanses of natural forests and the great populations of salmonids are harvested to support a rapidly expanding human population, the need to understand streams as ecological systems and to manage them effectively becomes increasingly urgent. The unfortunate legacy of such natural resource exploitation is well documented. For several decades the Pacific coastal ecoregion of North America has served as a natural laboratory for scientific and managerial advancements in stream ecology, and much has been learned about how to better integrate ecological processes and characteristics with a human-dominated environment. These in sightful but hard-learned ecological and social lessons are the subject of this book. Integrating land and rivers as interactive components of ecosystems and watersheds has provided the ecological sciences with impor tant theoretical foundations. Even though scientific disciplines have begun to integrate land-based processes with streams and rivers, the institutions and processes charged with managing these systems have not done so successfully. As a result, many of the watersheds of the Pacific coastal ecoregion no longer support natural settings for environmental processes or the valuable natural resources those processes create. An important role for scientists, educators, and decision makers is to make the integration between ecology and con sumptive uses more widely understood, as well as useful for effective management.
Download or read book Patterns of Benthic Macroinvertebrate Communities and Habitat Associations in Temperate Continental Shelf Waters of the Pacific Northwest written by Timothy Seung-chul Lee and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Macroinvertebrates constitute the backbone of megafaunal communities in benthic ecosystems around the globe. Many macroinvertebrates have vital roles in benthic ecosystems, ranging from enhancing habitat complexity to providing staple food sources for other organisms. Regardless of how familiar macroinvertebrates are to the general public, very few studies have attempted to describe benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages across large spatial scale in the continental shelf waters of the Pacific Northwest. This study describes different subtidal macroinvertebrate assemblages off Washington and Oregon based on species-substrata associations and the key species that distinguish one assemblage from another. Two data sets were used for this study: underwater footage collected by the submersible Delta during 1993-1995 geological surveys, and footage collected by the remotely operated vehicle (ROV) Hammerhead during macroinvertebrate surveys in late summer 2011. Footages from these surveys were used to document species-substrata associations and distinguish different assemblages based on species composition similarities and dissimilarities. In addition, I determined if a specific group of invertebrates, Asteroids (Echinodermata), were useful in explaining different assemblage patterns, after all other environmental parameters were taken into account. Findings of this study can be used not only to shed light on the structure of macroinvertebrate communities in the Pacific Northwest, but also as baseline data for future research on the direct and indirect effects of potential offshore installations on macroinvertebrate communities across the continental shelf waters.
Download or read book Influence of Riparian Canopy on Macroinvertebrate Composition and Food Habits of Juvenile Salmonids in Several Oregon Streams written by William R. Meehan and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Research Paper PNW written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book General Technical Report PNW written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book General Technical Report PNW GTR written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Esfenvalerate on Native Macroinvertebrates Representative of Pacific Northwest Streams written by Katherine R. Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aquatic insects are essential components of healthy stream ecosystems, contributing to nutrient cycling, trophic dynamics and other ecological functions. Aquatic insect species, particularly those in the orders Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT taxa) are however, extremely sensitive to insecticide contamination. Given that urban and agricultural use of synthetic pyrethroid insecticides are increasing, there is concern that aquatic contamination by these compounds may pose a risk to aquatic insect species. The overarching hypothesis of this research is that specific aquatic insect life history attributes may increase their susceptibility to synthetic pyrethroid insecticides, through an exacerbation of toxic effects and/or enhancement of exposure. The goals of this work were (a) to determine if egg morphology affects esfenvalerate sensitivity, (b) to ascertain the impact of dietary exposure to esfenvalerate among different functional feeding groups, (c) to determine the effect of esfenvalerate intoxication on larval caddisfly case maintenance, and (d) to establish the effects of late-stage esfenvalerate exposure on emergence. Four different aquatic insect species were utilized during the course of these studies; Cinygmula reticulata McDonough (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae), Hesperoperla pacifica Banks (Plecoptera: Perlidae), and Brachycentrus americanus Banks (Trichoptera: Brachycentridae) were used in the majority of the experiments. Baetis sp. (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) egg clutches were utilized as a surrogate for the difficult-to-obtain C. reticulata eggs. Esfenvalerate toxicity testing with aquatic insect eggs indicated that 48h esfenvalerate exposures ranging between 0.07 and 0.5 ug/L caused significant Baetis sp egg mortality. Exposure to lower concentrations immediately preceding hatch resulted in behavioral aberrations in first instar mayflies. The gelatinous clutch structure of caddisfly eggs proved to be the most susceptible egg morphology tested, with significant within-clutch mortality occurring following esfenvalerate exposures of 0.035 ug/L. No toxic effect was observed in H. pacifica eggs exposed to up to 1.0 ug/L esfenvalerate. Esfenvalerate-contaminated food caused adverse effects in both C. reticulata and B. americanus insects, but not in H. pacifica nymphs. A significant decrease in growth was observed in small C. reticulata nymphs reared on 0.05 ug/L esfenvalerate-exposed algae, and a decrease in egg production in final-instar nymphs reared on 0.1 ug/L esfenvalerate-exposed algae. Diet items exposed to esfenvalerate concentrations ranging between 0.5 to 1.0 ug/L induced case-abandonment in fourth-instar B. americanus larvae. None of the aquatic insect species differentiated between esfenvalerate-contaminated and clean food sources during feeding. 48h waterborne exposures of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 ug/L esfenvalerate also caused fourth-instar larvae to abandon cases, and impaired their ability to rebuild these protective structures. Finally, C. reticulata emergence was disrupted by esfenvalerate exposures ranging from 0.005 to 0.015 ug/L, resulting in significant mortality. B. americanus pupal exposures of 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 ug/L esfenvalerate significantly reduced successful adult emergence and resulted in decreased egg weight of emerged females. A comparison of life stage esfenvalerate sensitivities of C. reticulata and B. americanus reveals that analogous life stages did not exhibit the same relative susceptibilities, with final-instar nymphs the most sensitive C. reticulata life stage tested, and egg clutches as the most sensitive B. americanus life stage.
Download or read book Wild Salmonids in the Urbanizing Pacific Northwest written by J. Alan Yeakley and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-20 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wild salmon, trout, char, grayling, and whitefish (collectively salmonids) have been a significant local food and cultural resource for Pacific Northwest peoples for millennia. The location, size, and distribution of urban areas along streams, rivers, estuaries, and coasts directly and indirectly alter and degrade wild salmonid populations and their habitats. Although urban and exurban areas typically cover a smaller fraction of the landscape than other land uses combined, they have profound consequences for local ecosystems, aquatic and terrestrial populations, and water quality and quantity.
Download or read book Wetland and Stream Rapid Assessments written by John Dorney and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-08-07 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wetland and Stream Rapid Assessments: Development, Validation, and Application describes the scientific and environmental policy background for rapid wetland and stream assessments, how such assessment methods are developed and statistically verified, and how they can be used in environmental decision-making—including wetland and stream permitting. In addition, it provides several case studies of method development and use in various parts of the world. Readers will find guidance on developing and testing such methods, along with examples of how these methods have been used in various programs across North America. Rapid wetland and stream functional assessments are becoming frequently used methods in federal, state and local environmental permitting programs in North America. Many governments are interested in developing new methods or improving existing methods for their own jurisdictions. This book provides an ideal guide to these initiatives. Offers guidance for the use and evaluation of rapid assessments to developers and users of these methods, as well as students of wetland and stream quality Contains contributions from sources who are successful in academia, industry and government, bringing credibility and relevance to the content Includes a statistically-based approach to testing the validity of the rapid method, which is very important to the usefulness and defensibility of assessment methods
Download or read book Riparian and Aquatic Habitats of the Pacific Northwest and Southeast Alaska written by Fred H. Everest and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Management of riparian habitats is controversial because land use policies have historically emphasized economic values (e.g., timber production) at the expense of ecological and social values. Attempting to manage these valuable resources to attain the greatest combination of benefits has created a long-term controversy that continues to the present. Our analysis indicates that at mid to large spatial scales, healthy riparian ecosystems and land management activities are not mutually exclusive, but the degree of compatibility is determined by policy decisions based on competing demands and pressing timelines as well as available scientific knowledge. Current management schemes on federal lands in the Pacific Northwest and Alaska are appropriately addressing large spatial scales and incorporating the principles of disturbance ecology. We found no scientific evidence that either the default prescriptions or the options for watershed analysis in the Northwest Forest Plan and Tongass Land Management Plan provide more protection than necessary to meet stated riparian management goals. We believe that additional alternative riparian management strategies could be implemented and evaluated in concert to shorten the time needed to realize effective strategies that fully meet riparian management goals.
Download or read book Aquatic Macroinvertebrates of Small Streams in the Mineral King Region of Sequoia National Park written by Ian Anthony Chan and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Use of Mayflies Stoneflies and Caddisflies as Indicators of Fine Sediment Pollution in Salmon Bearing Streams of the Pacific Northwest written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stream macroinvertebrates are widely used to monitor and assess stream degradation because they are affected by the physical, chemical and biological conditions in a stream. In particular, the stream insects known as mayflies (Ephemeroptera, E), stoneflies (Plecoptera, P) and caddisflies (Trichoptera, T) are commonly used as a metric referred to as EPT richness. EPT taxa are well known as pollutant intolerant insects and EPT richness in known to respond negatively to stream degradation. While the sensitivity of EPT to changing water chemistry, increased land use, and hydrologic alteration has been well established, the use of EPT as biocriteria to monitor fine sediment conditions in streams has not been fully evaluated. Studies on the relationship between EPT and fine sediment have shown mixed results, which is likely due to the challenges of quantifying fine sediment in streams. For example, many studies use reach-scale pebble-counts to quantify sediments and reach-scale macroinvertebrate samples to characterize their condition, but the processes that drive macroinvertebrate-sediment relationships primarily operate at the patch-scale. Another issue is the incomplete sediment gradient often observed in the randomized, reach-scale study designs frequently used to collect stream data for regulatory purposes. The purpose of my thesis is to address the use of stream macroinvertebrates as indicators of excessive fine sediment in the regulatory setting. Specifically, I evaluated which aspect of the macroinvertebrate community should be used as an indicator for fine sediment, explored methods for better characterizing benthic fine sediment at the patch-scale and conducted a spatially oriented study that contained a fine sediment gradient. I accomplished this by: 1) using Random Forest and generalized linear models (GLM) to explore relationships between environmental variables, macroinvertebrate metrics and fine sediment in the Pacific Northwest (PNW), 2) developing and validating a novel methodology that quantifies macroinvertebrates and fine sediment at the patch-scale, and 3) designing and conducting a field study in the John Day Basin that included a relatively complete gradient of fine sediment conditions.
Download or read book Macroinvertebrate Community Response to Riparian Red Alder Within Headwater Streams of Second growth Forests in Southeast Alaska written by Ryan K. Kimbirauskas and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effectiveness Monitoring for the Aquatic and Riparian Component of the Northwest Forest Plan written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Aquatic and Riparian Effectiveness Monitoring Plan (AREMP) for the Northwest Forest Plan is intended to characterize the ecological condition of watersheds and aquatic ecosystems. So to determine the effectiveness of the Northwest Forest Plan to meet relevant objectives, this report presents the conceptual foundation of options for use in pilot testing and implementing an effectiveness monitoring program for aquatic and riparian systems. The base program would evaluate status and trends of watershed, stream, and riparian conditions by using decision-support models. Although the focus of AREMP is on characterizing ecosystem status and trend, implementing it will also supply information that will be useful in determining causal relations to help explain those trends.
Download or read book Annotated List of Publications of the Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station written by Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station (Portland, Or.). and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
