Download or read book Machine Learning Systems written by Jeffrey Smith and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2018-05-21 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summary Machine Learning Systems: Designs that scale is an example-rich guide that teaches you how to implement reactive design solutions in your machine learning systems to make them as reliable as a well-built web app. Foreword by Sean Owen, Director of Data Science, Cloudera Purchase of the print book includes a free eBook in PDF, Kindle, and ePub formats from Manning Publications. About the Technology If you’re building machine learning models to be used on a small scale, you don't need this book. But if you're a developer building a production-grade ML application that needs quick response times, reliability, and good user experience, this is the book for you. It collects principles and practices of machine learning systems that are dramatically easier to run and maintain, and that are reliably better for users. About the Book Machine Learning Systems: Designs that scale teaches you to design and implement production-ready ML systems. You'll learn the principles of reactive design as you build pipelines with Spark, create highly scalable services with Akka, and use powerful machine learning libraries like MLib on massive datasets. The examples use the Scala language, but the same ideas and tools work in Java, as well. What's Inside Working with Spark, MLlib, and Akka Reactive design patterns Monitoring and maintaining a large-scale system Futures, actors, and supervision About the Reader Readers need intermediate skills in Java or Scala. No prior machine learning experience is assumed. About the Author Jeff Smith builds powerful machine learning systems. For the past decade, he has been working on building data science applications, teams, and companies as part of various teams in New York, San Francisco, and Hong Kong. He blogs (https: //medium.com/@jeffksmithjr), tweets (@jeffksmithjr), and speaks (www.jeffsmith.tech/speaking) about various aspects of building real-world machine learning systems. Table of Contents PART 1 - FUNDAMENTALS OF REACTIVE MACHINE LEARNING Learning reactive machine learning Using reactive tools PART 2 - BUILDING A REACTIVE MACHINE LEARNING SYSTEM Collecting data Generating features Learning models Evaluating models Publishing models Responding PART 3 - OPERATING A MACHINE LEARNING SYSTEM Delivering Evolving intelligence

Download or read book Deep Learning Systems written by Andres Rodriguez and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes deep learning systems: the algorithms, compilers, and processor components to efficiently train and deploy deep learning models for commercial applications. The exponential growth in computational power is slowing at a time when the amount of compute consumed by state-of-the-art deep learning (DL) workloads is rapidly growing. Model size, serving latency, and power constraints are a significant challenge in the deployment of DL models for many applications. Therefore, it is imperative to codesign algorithms, compilers, and hardware to accelerate advances in this field with holistic system-level and algorithm solutions that improve performance, power, and efficiency. Advancing DL systems generally involves three types of engineers: (1) data scientists that utilize and develop DL algorithms in partnership with domain experts, such as medical, economic, or climate scientists; (2) hardware designers that develop specialized hardware to accelerate the components in the DL models; and (3) performance and compiler engineers that optimize software to run more efficiently on a given hardware. Hardware engineers should be aware of the characteristics and components of production and academic models likely to be adopted by industry to guide design decisions impacting future hardware. Data scientists should be aware of deployment platform constraints when designing models. Performance engineers should support optimizations across diverse models, libraries, and hardware targets. The purpose of this book is to provide a solid understanding of (1) the design, training, and applications of DL algorithms in industry; (2) the compiler techniques to map deep learning code to hardware targets; and (3) the critical hardware features that accelerate DL systems. This book aims to facilitate co-innovation for the advancement of DL systems. It is written for engineers working in one or more of these areas who seek to understand the entire system stack in order to better collaborate with engineers working in other parts of the system stack. The book details advancements and adoption of DL models in industry, explains the training and deployment process, describes the essential hardware architectural features needed for today's and future models, and details advances in DL compilers to efficiently execute algorithms across various hardware targets. Unique in this book is the holistic exposition of the entire DL system stack, the emphasis on commercial applications, and the practical techniques to design models and accelerate their performance. The author is fortunate to work with hardware, software, data scientist, and research teams across many high-technology companies with hyperscale data centers. These companies employ many of the examples and methods provided throughout the book.

Download or read book Machine Learning Production Systems written by Robert Crowe and published by "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". This book was released on 2024-10-02 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using machine learning for products, services, and critical business processes is quite different from using ML in an academic or research setting—especially for recent ML graduates and those moving from research to a commercial environment. Whether you currently work to create products and services that use ML, or would like to in the future, this practical book gives you a broad view of the entire field. Authors Robert Crowe, Hannes Hapke, Emily Caveness, and Di Zhu help you identify topics that you can dive into deeper, along with reference materials and tutorials that teach you the details. You'll learn the state of the art of machine learning engineering, including a wide range of topics such as modeling, deployment, and MLOps. You'll learn the basics and advanced aspects to understand the production ML lifecycle. This book provides four in-depth sections that cover all aspects of machine learning engineering: Data: collecting, labeling, validating, automation, and data preprocessing; data feature engineering and selection; data journey and storage Modeling: high performance modeling; model resource management techniques; model analysis and interoperability; neural architecture search Deployment: model serving patterns and infrastructure for ML models and LLMs; management and delivery; monitoring and logging Productionalizing: ML pipelines; classifying unstructured texts and images; genAI model pipelines

Download or read book Building Machine Learning Pipelines written by Hannes Hapke and published by "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". This book was released on 2020-07-13 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Companies are spending billions on machine learning projects, but it’s money wasted if the models can’t be deployed effectively. In this practical guide, Hannes Hapke and Catherine Nelson walk you through the steps of automating a machine learning pipeline using the TensorFlow ecosystem. You’ll learn the techniques and tools that will cut deployment time from days to minutes, so that you can focus on developing new models rather than maintaining legacy systems. Data scientists, machine learning engineers, and DevOps engineers will discover how to go beyond model development to successfully productize their data science projects, while managers will better understand the role they play in helping to accelerate these projects. Understand the steps to build a machine learning pipeline Build your pipeline using components from TensorFlow Extended Orchestrate your machine learning pipeline with Apache Beam, Apache Airflow, and Kubeflow Pipelines Work with data using TensorFlow Data Validation and TensorFlow Transform Analyze a model in detail using TensorFlow Model Analysis Examine fairness and bias in your model performance Deploy models with TensorFlow Serving or TensorFlow Lite for mobile devices Learn privacy-preserving machine learning techniques

Download or read book Machine Learning for Cyber Physical Systems written by Jürgen Beyerer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Open Access proceedings presents new approaches to Machine Learning for Cyber Physical Systems, experiences and visions. It contains some selected papers from the international Conference ML4CPS – Machine Learning for Cyber Physical Systems, which was held in Karlsruhe, October 23-24, 2018. Cyber Physical Systems are characterized by their ability to adapt and to learn: They analyze their environment and, based on observations, they learn patterns, correlations and predictive models. Typical applications are condition monitoring, predictive maintenance, image processing and diagnosis. Machine Learning is the key technology for these developments.

Download or read book Deep Learning for Coders with fastai and PyTorch written by Jeremy Howard and published by O'Reilly Media. This book was released on 2020-06-29 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deep learning is often viewed as the exclusive domain of math PhDs and big tech companies. But as this hands-on guide demonstrates, programmers comfortable with Python can achieve impressive results in deep learning with little math background, small amounts of data, and minimal code. How? With fastai, the first library to provide a consistent interface to the most frequently used deep learning applications. Authors Jeremy Howard and Sylvain Gugger, the creators of fastai, show you how to train a model on a wide range of tasks using fastai and PyTorch. You’ll also dive progressively further into deep learning theory to gain a complete understanding of the algorithms behind the scenes. Train models in computer vision, natural language processing, tabular data, and collaborative filtering Learn the latest deep learning techniques that matter most in practice Improve accuracy, speed, and reliability by understanding how deep learning models work Discover how to turn your models into web applications Implement deep learning algorithms from scratch Consider the ethical implications of your work Gain insight from the foreword by PyTorch cofounder, Soumith Chintala

Download or read book Building Machine Learning Powered Applications written by Emmanuel Ameisen and published by "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". This book was released on 2020-01-21 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn the skills necessary to design, build, and deploy applications powered by machine learning (ML). Through the course of this hands-on book, you’ll build an example ML-driven application from initial idea to deployed product. Data scientists, software engineers, and product managers—including experienced practitioners and novices alike—will learn the tools, best practices, and challenges involved in building a real-world ML application step by step. Author Emmanuel Ameisen, an experienced data scientist who led an AI education program, demonstrates practical ML concepts using code snippets, illustrations, screenshots, and interviews with industry leaders. Part I teaches you how to plan an ML application and measure success. Part II explains how to build a working ML model. Part III demonstrates ways to improve the model until it fulfills your original vision. Part IV covers deployment and monitoring strategies. This book will help you: Define your product goal and set up a machine learning problem Build your first end-to-end pipeline quickly and acquire an initial dataset Train and evaluate your ML models and address performance bottlenecks Deploy and monitor your models in a production environment

Download or read book Introducing MLOps written by Mark Treveil and published by "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". This book was released on 2020-11-30 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than half of the analytics and machine learning (ML) models created by organizations today never make it into production. Some of the challenges and barriers to operationalization are technical, but others are organizational. Either way, the bottom line is that models not in production can't provide business impact. This book introduces the key concepts of MLOps to help data scientists and application engineers not only operationalize ML models to drive real business change but also maintain and improve those models over time. Through lessons based on numerous MLOps applications around the world, nine experts in machine learning provide insights into the five steps of the model life cycle--Build, Preproduction, Deployment, Monitoring, and Governance--uncovering how robust MLOps processes can be infused throughout. This book helps you: Fulfill data science value by reducing friction throughout ML pipelines and workflows Refine ML models through retraining, periodic tuning, and complete remodeling to ensure long-term accuracy Design the MLOps life cycle to minimize organizational risks with models that are unbiased, fair, and explainable Operationalize ML models for pipeline deployment and for external business systems that are more complex and less standardized

Download or read book Machine Learning in Production written by Andrew Kelleher and published by Addison-Wesley Professional. This book was released on 2019-02-27 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foundational Hands-On Skills for Succeeding with Real Data Science Projects This pragmatic book introduces both machine learning and data science, bridging gaps between data scientist and engineer, and helping you bring these techniques into production. It helps ensure that your efforts actually solve your problem, and offers unique coverage of real-world optimization in production settings. –From the Foreword by Paul Dix, series editor Machine Learning in Production is a crash course in data science and machine learning for people who need to solve real-world problems in production environments. Written for technically competent “accidental data scientists” with more curiosity and ambition than formal training, this complete and rigorous introduction stresses practice, not theory. Building on agile principles, Andrew and Adam Kelleher show how to quickly deliver significant value in production, resisting overhyped tools and unnecessary complexity. Drawing on their extensive experience, they help you ask useful questions and then execute production projects from start to finish. The authors show just how much information you can glean with straightforward queries, aggregations, and visualizations, and they teach indispensable error analysis methods to avoid costly mistakes. They turn to workhorse machine learning techniques such as linear regression, classification, clustering, and Bayesian inference, helping you choose the right algorithm for each production problem. Their concluding section on hardware, infrastructure, and distributed systems offers unique and invaluable guidance on optimization in production environments. Andrew and Adam always focus on what matters in production: solving the problems that offer the highest return on investment, using the simplest, lowest-risk approaches that work. Leverage agile principles to maximize development efficiency in production projects Learn from practical Python code examples and visualizations that bring essential algorithmic concepts to life Start with simple heuristics and improve them as your data pipeline matures Avoid bad conclusions by implementing foundational error analysis techniques Communicate your results with basic data visualization techniques Master basic machine learning techniques, starting with linear regression and random forests Perform classification and clustering on both vector and graph data Learn the basics of graphical models and Bayesian inference Understand correlation and causation in machine learning models Explore overfitting, model capacity, and other advanced machine learning techniques Make informed architectural decisions about storage, data transfer, computation, and communication Register your book for convenient access to downloads, updates, and/or corrections as they become available. See inside book for details.

Download or read book MLOps Engineering at Scale written by Carl Osipov and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2022-03-22 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dodge costly and time-consuming infrastructure tasks, and rapidly bring your machine learning models to production with MLOps and pre-built serverless tools! In MLOps Engineering at Scale you will learn: Extracting, transforming, and loading datasets Querying datasets with SQL Understanding automatic differentiation in PyTorch Deploying model training pipelines as a service endpoint Monitoring and managing your pipeline’s life cycle Measuring performance improvements MLOps Engineering at Scale shows you how to put machine learning into production efficiently by using pre-built services from AWS and other cloud vendors. You’ll learn how to rapidly create flexible and scalable machine learning systems without laboring over time-consuming operational tasks or taking on the costly overhead of physical hardware. Following a real-world use case for calculating taxi fares, you will engineer an MLOps pipeline for a PyTorch model using AWS server-less capabilities. About the technology A production-ready machine learning system includes efficient data pipelines, integrated monitoring, and means to scale up and down based on demand. Using cloud-based services to implement ML infrastructure reduces development time and lowers hosting costs. Serverless MLOps eliminates the need to build and maintain custom infrastructure, so you can concentrate on your data, models, and algorithms. About the book MLOps Engineering at Scale teaches you how to implement efficient machine learning systems using pre-built services from AWS and other cloud vendors. This easy-to-follow book guides you step-by-step as you set up your serverless ML infrastructure, even if you’ve never used a cloud platform before. You’ll also explore tools like PyTorch Lightning, Optuna, and MLFlow that make it easy to build pipelines and scale your deep learning models in production. What's inside Reduce or eliminate ML infrastructure management Learn state-of-the-art MLOps tools like PyTorch Lightning and MLFlow Deploy training pipelines as a service endpoint Monitor and manage your pipeline’s life cycle Measure performance improvements About the reader Readers need to know Python, SQL, and the basics of machine learning. No cloud experience required. About the author Carl Osipov implemented his first neural net in 2000 and has worked on deep learning and machine learning at Google and IBM. Table of Contents PART 1 - MASTERING THE DATA SET 1 Introduction to serverless machine learning 2 Getting started with the data set 3 Exploring and preparing the data set 4 More exploratory data analysis and data preparation PART 2 - PYTORCH FOR SERVERLESS MACHINE LEARNING 5 Introducing PyTorch: Tensor basics 6 Core PyTorch: Autograd, optimizers, and utilities 7 Serverless machine learning at scale 8 Scaling out with distributed training PART 3 - SERVERLESS MACHINE LEARNING PIPELINE 9 Feature selection 10 Adopting PyTorch Lightning 11 Hyperparameter optimization 12 Machine learning pipeline

Download or read book Engineering MLOps written by Emmanuel Raj and published by Packt Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2021-04-19 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Get up and running with machine learning life cycle management and implement MLOps in your organization Key FeaturesBecome well-versed with MLOps techniques to monitor the quality of machine learning models in productionExplore a monitoring framework for ML models in production and learn about end-to-end traceability for deployed modelsPerform CI/CD to automate new implementations in ML pipelinesBook Description Engineering MLps presents comprehensive insights into MLOps coupled with real-world examples in Azure to help you to write programs, train robust and scalable ML models, and build ML pipelines to train and deploy models securely in production. The book begins by familiarizing you with the MLOps workflow so you can start writing programs to train ML models. Then you'll then move on to explore options for serializing and packaging ML models post-training to deploy them to facilitate machine learning inference, model interoperability, and end-to-end model traceability. You'll learn how to build ML pipelines, continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD) pipelines, and monitor pipelines to systematically build, deploy, monitor, and govern ML solutions for businesses and industries. Finally, you'll apply the knowledge you've gained to build real-world projects. By the end of this ML book, you'll have a 360-degree view of MLOps and be ready to implement MLOps in your organization. What you will learnFormulate data governance strategies and pipelines for ML training and deploymentGet to grips with implementing ML pipelines, CI/CD pipelines, and ML monitoring pipelinesDesign a robust and scalable microservice and API for test and production environmentsCurate your custom CD processes for related use cases and organizationsMonitor ML models, including monitoring data drift, model drift, and application performanceBuild and maintain automated ML systemsWho this book is for This MLOps book is for data scientists, software engineers, DevOps engineers, machine learning engineers, and business and technology leaders who want to build, deploy, and maintain ML systems in production using MLOps principles and techniques. Basic knowledge of machine learning is necessary to get started with this book.

Download or read book Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Process Systems Engineering written by Jingzheng Ren and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-06-05 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Process Systems Engineering offers a broad perspective on the issues related to artificial intelligence technologies and their applications in chemical and process engineering. The book comprehensively introduces the methodology and applications of AI technologies in process systems engineering, making it an indispensable reference for researchers and students. As chemical processes and systems are usually non-linear and complex, thus making it challenging to apply AI methods and technologies, this book is an ideal resource on emerging areas such as cloud computing, big data, the industrial Internet of Things and deep learning. With process systems engineering's potential to become one of the driving forces for the development of AI technologies, this book covers all the right bases. - Explains the concept of machine learning, deep learning and state-of-the-art intelligent algorithms - Discusses AI-based applications in process modeling and simulation, process integration and optimization, process control, and fault detection and diagnosis - Gives direction to future development trends of AI technologies in chemical and process engineering

Download or read book Kubeflow for Machine Learning written by Trevor Grant and published by "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". This book was released on 2020-10-13 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If you're training a machine learning model but aren't sure how to put it into production, this book will get you there. Kubeflow provides a collection of cloud native tools for different stages of a model's lifecycle, from data exploration, feature preparation, and model training to model serving. This guide helps data scientists build production-grade machine learning implementations with Kubeflow and shows data engineers how to make models scalable and reliable. Using examples throughout the book, authors Holden Karau, Trevor Grant, Ilan Filonenko, Richard Liu, and Boris Lublinsky explain how to use Kubeflow to train and serve your machine learning models on top of Kubernetes in the cloud or in a development environment on-premises. Understand Kubeflow's design, core components, and the problems it solves Understand the differences between Kubeflow on different cluster types Train models using Kubeflow with popular tools including Scikit-learn, TensorFlow, and Apache Spark Keep your model up to date with Kubeflow Pipelines Understand how to capture model training metadata Explore how to extend Kubeflow with additional open source tools Use hyperparameter tuning for training Learn how to serve your model in production

Download or read book Machine Learning Engineering in Action written by Ben Wilson and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2022-05-17 with total page 879 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Field-tested tips, tricks, and design patterns for building machine learning projects that are deployable, maintainable, and secure from concept to production. In Machine Learning Engineering in Action, you will learn: Evaluating data science problems to find the most effective solution Scoping a machine learning project for usage expectations and budget Process techniques that minimize wasted effort and speed up production Assessing a project using standardized prototyping work and statistical validation Choosing the right technologies and tools for your project Making your codebase more understandable, maintainable, and testable Automating your troubleshooting and logging practices Ferrying a machine learning project from your data science team to your end users is no easy task. Machine Learning Engineering in Action will help you make it simple. Inside, you'll find fantastic advice from veteran industry expert Ben Wilson, Principal Resident Solutions Architect at Databricks. Ben introduces his personal toolbox of techniques for building deployable and maintainable production machine learning systems. You'll learn the importance of Agile methodologies for fast prototyping and conferring with stakeholders, while developing a new appreciation for the importance of planning. Adopting well-established software development standards will help you deliver better code management, and make it easier to test, scale, and even reuse your machine learning code. Every method is explained in a friendly, peer-to-peer style and illustrated with production-ready source code. About the technology Deliver maximum performance from your models and data. This collection of reproducible techniques will help you build stable data pipelines, efficient application workflows, and maintainable models every time. Based on decades of good software engineering practice, machine learning engineering ensures your ML systems are resilient, adaptable, and perform in production. About the book Machine Learning Engineering in Action teaches you core principles and practices for designing, building, and delivering successful machine learning projects. You'll discover software engineering techniques like conducting experiments on your prototypes and implementing modular design that result in resilient architectures and consistent cross-team communication. Based on the author's extensive experience, every method in this book has been used to solve real-world projects. What's inside Scoping a machine learning project for usage expectations and budget Choosing the right technologies for your design Making your codebase more understandable, maintainable, and testable Automating your troubleshooting and logging practices About the reader For data scientists who know machine learning and the basics of object-oriented programming. About the author Ben Wilson is Principal Resident Solutions Architect at Databricks, where he developed the Databricks Labs AutoML project, and is an MLflow committer.

Download or read book Distributed Machine Learning Patterns written by Yuan Tang and published by Manning. This book was released on 2022-04-26 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Practical patterns for scaling machine learning from your laptop to a distributed cluster. Scaling up models from standalone devices to large distributed clusters is one of the biggest challenges faced by modern machine learning practitioners. Distributed Machine Learning Patterns teaches you how to scale machine learning models from your laptop to large distributed clusters. In Distributed Machine Learning Patterns, you’ll learn how to apply established distributed systems patterns to machine learning projects, and explore new ML-specific patterns as well. Firmly rooted in the real world, this book demonstrates how to apply patterns using examples based in TensorFlow, Kubernetes, Kubeflow, and Argo Workflows. Real-world scenarios, hands-on projects, and clear, practical DevOps techniques let you easily launch, manage, and monitor cloud-native distributed machine learning pipelines. Purchase of the print book includes a free eBook in PDF, Kindle, and ePub formats from Manning Publications.

Download or read book Machine Learning and Security written by Clarence Chio and published by "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". This book was released on 2018-01-26 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Can machine learning techniques solve our computer security problems and finally put an end to the cat-and-mouse game between attackers and defenders? Or is this hope merely hype? Now you can dive into the science and answer this question for yourself. With this practical guide, you’ll explore ways to apply machine learning to security issues such as intrusion detection, malware classification, and network analysis. Machine learning and security specialists Clarence Chio and David Freeman provide a framework for discussing the marriage of these two fields, as well as a toolkit of machine-learning algorithms that you can apply to an array of security problems. This book is ideal for security engineers and data scientists alike. Learn how machine learning has contributed to the success of modern spam filters Quickly detect anomalies, including breaches, fraud, and impending system failure Conduct malware analysis by extracting useful information from computer binaries Uncover attackers within the network by finding patterns inside datasets Examine how attackers exploit consumer-facing websites and app functionality Translate your machine learning algorithms from the lab to production Understand the threat attackers pose to machine learning solutions

Download or read book Machine Learners written by Adrian Mackenzie and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2017-11-16 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If machine learning transforms the nature of knowledge, does it also transform the practice of critical thought? Machine learning—programming computers to learn from data—has spread across scientific disciplines, media, entertainment, and government. Medical research, autonomous vehicles, credit transaction processing, computer gaming, recommendation systems, finance, surveillance, and robotics use machine learning. Machine learning devices (sometimes understood as scientific models, sometimes as operational algorithms) anchor the field of data science. They have also become mundane mechanisms deeply embedded in a variety of systems and gadgets. In contexts from the everyday to the esoteric, machine learning is said to transform the nature of knowledge. In this book, Adrian Mackenzie investigates whether machine learning also transforms the practice of critical thinking. Mackenzie focuses on machine learners—either humans and machines or human-machine relations—situated among settings, data, and devices. The settings range from fMRI to Facebook; the data anything from cat images to DNA sequences; the devices include neural networks, support vector machines, and decision trees. He examines specific learning algorithms—writing code and writing about code—and develops an archaeology of operations that, following Foucault, views machine learning as a form of knowledge production and a strategy of power. Exploring layers of abstraction, data infrastructures, coding practices, diagrams, mathematical formalisms, and the social organization of machine learning, Mackenzie traces the mostly invisible architecture of one of the central zones of contemporary technological cultures. Mackenzie's account of machine learning locates places in which a sense of agency can take root. His archaeology of the operational formation of machine learning does not unearth the footprint of a strategic monolith but reveals the local tributaries of force that feed into the generalization and plurality of the field.