Download or read book The Knowledge Machine How Irrationality Created Modern Science written by Michael Strevens and published by Liveright Publishing. This book was released on 2020-10-13 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “The Knowledge Machine is the most stunningly illuminating book of the last several decades regarding the all-important scientific enterprise.” —Rebecca Newberger Goldstein, author of Plato at the Googleplex A paradigm-shifting work, The Knowledge Machine revolutionizes our understanding of the origins and structure of science. • Why is science so powerful? • Why did it take so long—two thousand years after the invention of philosophy and mathematics—for the human race to start using science to learn the secrets of the universe? In a groundbreaking work that blends science, philosophy, and history, leading philosopher of science Michael Strevens answers these challenging questions, showing how science came about only once thinkers stumbled upon the astonishing idea that scientific breakthroughs could be accomplished by breaking the rules of logical argument. Like such classic works as Karl Popper’s The Logic of Scientific Discovery and Thomas Kuhn’s The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, The Knowledge Machine grapples with the meaning and origins of science, using a plethora of vivid historical examples to demonstrate that scientists willfully ignore religion, theoretical beauty, and even philosophy to embrace a constricted code of argument whose very narrowness channels unprecedented energy into empirical observation and experimentation. Strevens calls this scientific code the iron rule of explanation, and reveals the way in which the rule, precisely because it is unreasonably close-minded, overcomes individual prejudices to lead humanity inexorably toward the secrets of nature. “With a mixture of philosophical and historical argument, and written in an engrossing style” (Alan Ryan), The Knowledge Machine provides captivating portraits of some of the greatest luminaries in science’s history, including Isaac Newton, the chief architect of modern science and its foundational theories of motion and gravitation; William Whewell, perhaps the greatest philosopher-scientist of the early nineteenth century; and Murray Gell-Mann, discoverer of the quark. Today, Strevens argues, in the face of threats from a changing climate and global pandemics, the idiosyncratic but highly effective scientific knowledge machine must be protected from politicians, commercial interests, and even scientists themselves who seek to open it up, to make it less narrow and more rational—and thus to undermine its devotedly empirical search for truth. Rich with illuminating and often delightfully quirky illustrations, The Knowledge Machine, written in a winningly accessible style that belies the import of its revisionist and groundbreaking concepts, radically reframes much of what we thought we knew about the origins of the modern world.
Download or read book Machine Learners written by Adrian Mackenzie and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2017-11-16 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If machine learning transforms the nature of knowledge, does it also transform the practice of critical thought? Machine learning—programming computers to learn from data—has spread across scientific disciplines, media, entertainment, and government. Medical research, autonomous vehicles, credit transaction processing, computer gaming, recommendation systems, finance, surveillance, and robotics use machine learning. Machine learning devices (sometimes understood as scientific models, sometimes as operational algorithms) anchor the field of data science. They have also become mundane mechanisms deeply embedded in a variety of systems and gadgets. In contexts from the everyday to the esoteric, machine learning is said to transform the nature of knowledge. In this book, Adrian Mackenzie investigates whether machine learning also transforms the practice of critical thinking. Mackenzie focuses on machine learners—either humans and machines or human-machine relations—situated among settings, data, and devices. The settings range from fMRI to Facebook; the data anything from cat images to DNA sequences; the devices include neural networks, support vector machines, and decision trees. He examines specific learning algorithms—writing code and writing about code—and develops an archaeology of operations that, following Foucault, views machine learning as a form of knowledge production and a strategy of power. Exploring layers of abstraction, data infrastructures, coding practices, diagrams, mathematical formalisms, and the social organization of machine learning, Mackenzie traces the mostly invisible architecture of one of the central zones of contemporary technological cultures. Mackenzie's account of machine learning locates places in which a sense of agency can take root. His archaeology of the operational formation of machine learning does not unearth the footprint of a strategic monolith but reveals the local tributaries of force that feed into the generalization and plurality of the field.
Download or read book Knowledge Guided Machine Learning written by Anuj Karpatne and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-08-15 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given their tremendous success in commercial applications, machine learning (ML) models are increasingly being considered as alternatives to science-based models in many disciplines. Yet, these "black-box" ML models have found limited success due to their inability to work well in the presence of limited training data and generalize to unseen scenarios. As a result, there is a growing interest in the scientific community on creating a new generation of methods that integrate scientific knowledge in ML frameworks. This emerging field, called scientific knowledge-guided ML (KGML), seeks a distinct departure from existing "data-only" or "scientific knowledge-only" methods to use knowledge and data at an equal footing. Indeed, KGML involves diverse scientific and ML communities, where researchers and practitioners from various backgrounds and application domains are continually adding richness to the problem formulations and research methods in this emerging field. Knowledge Guided Machine Learning: Accelerating Discovery using Scientific Knowledge and Data provides an introduction to this rapidly growing field by discussing some of the common themes of research in KGML using illustrative examples, case studies, and reviews from diverse application domains and research communities as book chapters by leading researchers. KEY FEATURES First-of-its-kind book in an emerging area of research that is gaining widespread attention in the scientific and data science fields Accessible to a broad audience in data science and scientific and engineering fields Provides a coherent organizational structure to the problem formulations and research methods in the emerging field of KGML using illustrative examples from diverse application domains Contains chapters by leading researchers, which illustrate the cutting-edge research trends, opportunities, and challenges in KGML research from multiple perspectives Enables cross-pollination of KGML problem formulations and research methods across disciplines Highlights critical gaps that require further investigation by the broader community of researchers and practitioners to realize the full potential of KGML
Download or read book Introduction to Machine Learning written by Ethem Alpaydin and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2014-08-22 with total page 639 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction -- Supervised learning -- Bayesian decision theory -- Parametric methods -- Multivariate methods -- Dimensionality reduction -- Clustering -- Nonparametric methods -- Decision trees -- Linear discrimination -- Multilayer perceptrons -- Local models -- Kernel machines -- Graphical models -- Brief contents -- Hidden markov models -- Bayesian estimation -- Combining multiple learners -- Reinforcement learning -- Design and analysis of machine learning experiments.
Download or read book Human Machine written by Paul R. Daugherty and published by Harvard Business Press. This book was released on 2018-03-20 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: AI is radically transforming business. Are you ready? Look around you. Artificial intelligence is no longer just a futuristic notion. It's here right now--in software that senses what we need, supply chains that "think" in real time, and robots that respond to changes in their environment. Twenty-first-century pioneer companies are already using AI to innovate and grow fast. The bottom line is this: Businesses that understand how to harness AI can surge ahead. Those that neglect it will fall behind. Which side are you on? In Human + Machine, Accenture leaders Paul R. Daugherty and H. James (Jim) Wilson show that the essence of the AI paradigm shift is the transformation of all business processes within an organization--whether related to breakthrough innovation, everyday customer service, or personal productivity habits. As humans and smart machines collaborate ever more closely, work processes become more fluid and adaptive, enabling companies to change them on the fly--or to completely reimagine them. AI is changing all the rules of how companies operate. Based on the authors' experience and research with 1,500 organizations, the book reveals how companies are using the new rules of AI to leap ahead on innovation and profitability, as well as what you can do to achieve similar results. It describes six entirely new types of hybrid human + machine roles that every company must develop, and it includes a "leader’s guide" with the five crucial principles required to become an AI-fueled business. Human + Machine provides the missing and much-needed management playbook for success in our new age of AI. BOOK PROCEEDS FOR THE AI GENERATION The authors' goal in publishing Human + Machine is to help executives, workers, students and others navigate the changes that AI is making to business and the economy. They believe AI will bring innovations that truly improve the way the world works and lives. However, AI will cause disruption, and many people will need education, training and support to prepare for the newly created jobs. To support this need, the authors are donating the royalties received from the sale of this book to fund education and retraining programs focused on developing fusion skills for the age of artificial intelligence.
Download or read book Forgetting Machines Knowledge Management Evolution in Early Modern Europe written by Alberto Cevolini and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2016-10-11 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are so accustomed to use digital memories as data storage devices, that we are oblivious to the improbability of such a practice. Habit hides what we habitually use. To understand the worldwide success of archives and card indexing systems that allow to remember more because they allow to forget more than before, the evolution of scholarly practices and the transformation of cognitive habits in the early modern age must be investigated. This volume contains contributions by nearly every distinguished scholar in the field of early modern knowledge management and filing systems, and offers a remarkable synthesis of the present state of scholarship. A final section explores some current issues in record-keeping and note-taking systems, and provides valuable cues for future research.
Download or read book Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction written by Andreas Holzinger and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-23 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the IFIP TC 5, WG 8.4, 8.9, 12.9 International Cross-Domain Conference for Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction, CD-MAKE 2018, held in Hamburg, Germany, in September 2018. The 25 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 45 submissions. The papers are clustered under the following topical sections: MAKE-Main Track, MAKE-Text, MAKE-Smart Factory, MAKE-Topology, and MAKE Explainable AI.
Download or read book Machine Learning written by Ethem Alpaydin and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2016-10-07 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A concise overview of machine learning—computer programs that learn from data—which underlies applications that include recommendation systems, face recognition, and driverless cars. Today, machine learning underlies a range of applications we use every day, from product recommendations to voice recognition—as well as some we don't yet use everyday, including driverless cars. It is the basis of the new approach in computing where we do not write programs but collect data; the idea is to learn the algorithms for the tasks automatically from data. As computing devices grow more ubiquitous, a larger part of our lives and work is recorded digitally, and as “Big Data” has gotten bigger, the theory of machine learning—the foundation of efforts to process that data into knowledge—has also advanced. In this book, machine learning expert Ethem Alpaydin offers a concise overview of the subject for the general reader, describing its evolution, explaining important learning algorithms, and presenting example applications. Alpaydin offers an account of how digital technology advanced from number-crunching mainframes to mobile devices, putting today's machine learning boom in context. He describes the basics of machine learning and some applications; the use of machine learning algorithms for pattern recognition; artificial neural networks inspired by the human brain; algorithms that learn associations between instances, with such applications as customer segmentation and learning recommendations; and reinforcement learning, when an autonomous agent learns act so as to maximize reward and minimize penalty. Alpaydin then considers some future directions for machine learning and the new field of “data science,” and discusses the ethical and legal implications for data privacy and security.
Download or read book Machine Learning for Knowledge Discovery with R written by Kao-Tai Tsai and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-09-15 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Machine Learning for Knowledge Discovery with R contains methodologies and examples for statistical modelling, inference, and prediction of data analysis. It includes many recent supervised and unsupervised machine learning methodologies such as recursive partitioning modelling, regularized regression, support vector machine, neural network, clustering, and causal-effect inference. Additionally, it emphasizes statistical thinking of data analysis, use of statistical graphs for data structure exploration, and result presentations. The book includes many real-world data examples from life-science, finance, etc. to illustrate the applications of the methods described therein. Key Features: Contains statistical theory for the most recent supervised and unsupervised machine learning methodologies. Emphasizes broad statistical thinking, judgment, graphical methods, and collaboration with subject-matter-experts in analysis, interpretation, and presentations. Written by statistical data analysis practitioner for practitioners. The book is suitable for upper-level-undergraduate or graduate-level data analysis course. It also serves as a useful desk-reference for data analysts in scientific research or industrial applications.
Download or read book Towards Integrative Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction written by Andreas Holzinger and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-27 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The BIRS Workshop “Advances in Interactive Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining in Complex and Big Data Sets” (15w2181), held in July 2015 in Banff, Canada, was dedicated to stimulating a cross-domain integrative machine-learning approach and appraisal of “hot topics” toward tackling the grand challenge of reaching a level of useful and useable computational intelligence with a focus on real-world problems, such as in the health domain. This encompasses learning from prior data, extracting and discovering knowledge, generalizing the results, fighting the curse of dimensionality, and ultimately disentangling the underlying explanatory factors in complex data, i.e., to make sense of data within the context of the application domain. The workshop aimed to contribute advancements in promising novel areas such as at the intersection of machine learning and topological data analysis. History has shown that most often the overlapping areas at intersections of seemingly disparate fields are key for the stimulation of new insights and further advances. This is particularly true for the extremely broad field of machine learning.
Download or read book Prediction and Analysis for Knowledge Representation and Machine Learning written by Avadhesh Kumar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-01-31 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A number of approaches are being defined for statistics and machine learning. These approaches are used for the identification of the process of the system and the models created from the system’s perceived data, assisting scientists in the generation or refinement of current models. Machine learning is being studied extensively in science, particularly in bioinformatics, economics, social sciences, ecology, and climate science, but learning from data individually needs to be researched more for complex scenarios. Advanced knowledge representation approaches that can capture structural and process properties are necessary to provide meaningful knowledge to machine learning algorithms. It has a significant impact on comprehending difficult scientific problems. Prediction and Analysis for Knowledge Representation and Machine Learning demonstrates various knowledge representation and machine learning methodologies and architectures that will be active in the research field. The approaches are reviewed with real-life examples from a wide range of research topics. An understanding of a number of techniques and algorithms that are implemented in knowledge representation in machine learning is available through the book’s website. Features: Examines the representational adequacy of needed knowledge representation Manipulates inferential adequacy for knowledge representation in order to produce new knowledge derived from the original information Improves inferential and acquisition efficiency by applying automatic methods to acquire new knowledge Covers the major challenges, concerns, and breakthroughs in knowledge representation and machine learning using the most up-to-date technology Describes the ideas of knowledge representation and related technologies, as well as their applications, in order to help humankind become better and smarter This book serves as a reference book for researchers and practitioners who are working in the field of information technology and computer science in knowledge representation and machine learning for both basic and advanced concepts. Nowadays, it has become essential to develop adaptive, robust, scalable, and reliable applications and also design solutions for day-to-day problems. The edited book will be helpful for industry people and will also help beginners as well as high-level users for learning the latest things, which include both basic and advanced concepts.
Download or read book Industrial Applications of Machine Learning written by Pedro Larrañaga and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-12-12 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Industrial Applications of Machine Learning shows how machine learning can be applied to address real-world problems in the fourth industrial revolution, and provides the required knowledge and tools to empower readers to build their own solutions based on theory and practice. The book introduces the fourth industrial revolution and its current impact on organizations and society. It explores machine learning fundamentals, and includes four case studies that address a real-world problem in the manufacturing or logistics domains, and approaches machine learning solutions from an application-oriented point of view. The book should be of special interest to researchers interested in real-world industrial problems. Features Describes the opportunities, challenges, issues, and trends offered by the fourth industrial revolution Provides a user-friendly introduction to machine learning with examples of cutting-edge applications in different industrial sectors Includes four case studies addressing real-world industrial problems solved with machine learning techniques A dedicated website for the book contains the datasets of the case studies for the reader's reproduction, enabling the groundwork for future problem-solving Uses of three of the most widespread software and programming languages within the engineering and data science communities, namely R, Python, and Weka
Download or read book Lifelong Machine Learning Second Edition written by Zhiyuan Sun and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lifelong Machine Learning, Second Edition is an introduction to an advanced machine learning paradigm that continuously learns by accumulating past knowledge that it then uses in future learning and problem solving. In contrast, the current dominant machine learning paradigm learns in isolation: given a training dataset, it runs a machine learning algorithm on the dataset to produce a model that is then used in its intended application. It makes no attempt to retain the learned knowledge and use it in subsequent learning. Unlike this isolated system, humans learn effectively with only a few examples precisely because our learning is very knowledge-driven: the knowledge learned in the past helps us learn new things with little data or effort. Lifelong learning aims to emulate this capability, because without it, an AI system cannot be considered truly intelligent. Research in lifelong learning has developed significantly in the relatively short time since the first edition of this book was published. The purpose of this second edition is to expand the definition of lifelong learning, update the content of several chapters, and add a new chapter about continual learning in deep neural networks—which has been actively researched over the past two or three years. A few chapters have also been reorganized to make each of them more coherent for the reader. Moreover, the authors want to propose a unified framework for the research area. Currently, there are several research topics in machine learning that are closely related to lifelong learning—most notably, multi-task learning, transfer learning, and meta-learning—because they also employ the idea of knowledge sharing and transfer. This book brings all these topics under one roof and discusses their similarities and differences. Its goal is to introduce this emerging machine learning paradigm and present a comprehensive survey and review of the important research results and latest ideas in the area. This book is thus suitable for students, researchers, and practitioners who are interested in machine learning, data mining, natural language processing, or pattern recognition. Lecturers can readily use the book for courses in any of these related fields.
Download or read book Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases written by Michelangelo Ceci and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-29 with total page 881 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The three volume proceedings LNAI 10534 – 10536 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the European Conference on Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases, ECML PKDD 2017, held in Skopje, Macedonia, in September 2017. The total of 101 regular papers presented in part I and part II was carefully reviewed and selected from 364 submissions; there are 47 papers in the applied data science, nectar and demo track. The contributions were organized in topical sections named as follows: Part I: anomaly detection; computer vision; ensembles and meta learning; feature selection and extraction; kernel methods; learning and optimization, matrix and tensor factorization; networks and graphs; neural networks and deep learning. Part II: pattern and sequence mining; privacy and security; probabilistic models and methods; recommendation; regression; reinforcement learning; subgroup discovery; time series and streams; transfer and multi-task learning; unsupervised and semisupervised learning. Part III: applied data science track; nectar track; and demo track.
Download or read book Data Analysis Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery written by Myra Spiliopoulou and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-26 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Data analysis, machine learning and knowledge discovery are research areas at the intersection of computer science, artificial intelligence, mathematics and statistics. They cover general methods and techniques that can be applied to a vast set of applications such as web and text mining, marketing, medicine, bioinformatics and business intelligence. This volume contains the revised versions of selected papers in the field of data analysis, machine learning and knowledge discovery presented during the 36th annual conference of the German Classification Society (GfKl). The conference was held at the University of Hildesheim (Germany) in August 2012.
Download or read book Human Like Machine Intelligence written by Stephen Muggleton and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021 with total page 533 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, authored by an array of internationally recognised researchers, is of direct relevance to all those involved in Academia and Industry wanting to obtain insights into the topics at the forefront of the revolution in Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science.
Download or read book Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery for Engineering Systems Health Management written by Ashok N. Srivastava and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents state-of-the-art tools and techniques for automatically detecting, diagnosing, and predicting the effects of adverse events in an engineered system. It emphasizes the importance of these techniques in managing the intricate interactions within and between engineering systems to maintain a high degree of reliability. Reflecting the interdisciplinary nature of the field, the book explains how the fundamental algorithms and methods of both physics-based and data-driven approaches effectively address systems health management in application areas such as data centers, aircraft, and software systems.
