Download or read book M thodes d indexation multi terminologique base de connaissances application aux documents en sant written by Wiem Chebil and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: La grande quantité de données gérée par les systèmes de recherche d'information constituent un véritable enjeu surtout lorsqu'il s'agit de données biomédicales. En effet, la tâche d'indexation des documents ou des requêtes est pénible pour les experts et le remplacement de ces derniers par des approches automatiques est indispensable. Dans le but d'améliorer la performance de la gestion automatique des SRI (Systèmes de recherche d'information) pour qu'elle puisse s'approcher le plus de celle manuelle, nous proposons dans cette thèse des approches d'indexation. Ces derniers visent à minimiser les erreurs d'indexation des documents et des requêtes. En effet, nous avons réalisé d'abord une étude empirique qui vise à évaluer la fonction d'indexation de CISMeF (Catalogue et index des Sites Médicaux de langue Française). Nous nous sommes basés ensuite sur les catégories d'erreurs d'indexation identifiées pour proposer une approche à base de Modèle Vectoriel (MV), qui vise à minimiser les erreurs de désuffixation et à réduire l'information inutile générée par l'appariement partiel (ou approximatif). Ceci en exploitant l'information sémantique et statistique fournie par l'UMLS (Unified Medical Language System). L'approche d'indexation à base de MV propose aussi un nouveau poids des termes d'indexation. Ce poids est à la fois sémantique, statistique et prend en considération la structure du document. Nous avons aussi exploité un réseau bayésien (RB) qui contribue, à travers sa capacité à résoudre l'incertitude et sa capacité à exploiter l'architecture des terminologies, à mieux classer les concepts. De plus, nous avons proposé une approche d'indexation à base d'un réseau possibiliste (RP). Notre contributin principale à travers cette approche est d'améliorer l'estimation de la pertinence des concepts d'indexation en les classant à travers une évaluation double. Cette dernière consiste en deux mesures de possibilité et de nécessité. Nous avons ensuite combiné le RP et le VSM en se basant sur le fait que les avantages de l'un sont différents de ceux des avantages de l'autre et les deux modèles sont complémentaires. De plus, nous avons exploité ke RP pour la première fois pour l'enrichissement des requêtes par de nouveaux concepts qui sont sémantiquement proches de ceux de l'index initial. Cette approche contribue à améliorer le classement des concepts candidats pour l'enrichissement. L'intégration de ces contributions dans un SRI et son évaluation par rapport à ceux existants a mis en évidence l'intérêt des solutions que nous avons proposées dans le but de minimiser les erreurs d'indexation.
Download or read book Indexation multi terminologique de concepts en sant written by Suzanne Bento Pereira and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: La recherche d'information ainsi que l'aide à la décision nécessitent un accès rapide et efficace aux connaissances contenues dans une collection de documents de santé, ainsi qu'une bonne exploitation des connaissances médicales. L'indexation (description à l'aide de mots clés) permet de rendre ces connaissances accessibles et utilisables. Dans le domaine de la santé, le nombre de ressources électroniques disponibles augmente de manière exponentielle ainsi la nécessité de disposer de solutions automatiques pour faciliter l'accès aux connaissances ainsi que l'indexation est omniprésente. L'objectif de cette thèse a été de développer un outil d'aide à l'indexation automatique multi-terminologique, multi-document et multi-tâche nommé F-MTI (French Multi-terminology Indexer) capable de produire une proposition une indexation pour les documents de santé. Cet outil a nécessité l'élaboration de méthodes de Traitement Automatique de la Langue Naturelle. Il a été appliqué à l'indexation documentaire dans le catalogue de santé en ligne CISMeF, à l'indexation des données thérapeutiques pour les médicaments et à l'indexation des diagnostics et des actes médicaux pour les dossiers médicaux éléctroniques.
Download or read book Une M thode d indexation s mantique adapt e aux corpus multilingues written by Catherine Roussey and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ces travaux de thèse s'inscrivent dans la problématique générale liée à l'indexation d'un corpus de texte pour la recherche d'information multilingue. Le but de l'indexation est d'identifier la connaissance contenue dans un texte et de la représenter par des mots clés appelés descripteurs. Or, la composante multilingue ajoute une complexité supplémentaire au processus d'indexation car une étape de traduction est obligatoire pour représenter document et requête par des descripteurs appartenant au même espace d'indexation. Pour traduire correctement un terme, il est préférable de reconnaître le concept dénoté par celui-ci. Actuellement, une recherche d'information pertinente représente le contenu des documents par des concepts et non plus par des termes. Cette thèse propose une méthode d'indexation sémantique pour les documents XML permettant de caractériser le contenu documentaire par des connaissances, non dépendante de la langue des documents. Ces connaissances sont déclinées en deux types : - Les connaissances du domaine sont utilisées pour représenter les documents et les requêtes dans le même espace de représentation non dépendant des langues. - Les connaissances terminologiques constituent plusieurs langages de présentation des connaissances du domaine. Nous avons défini notre propre modèle de représentation des connaissances intitulé les graphes sémantiques. Ce modèle est un enrichissement du modèle des graphes conceptuels de Sowa. Premièrement, notre modèle différencie les connaissances du domaine, des connaissances terminologiques. Deuxièmement, une fonction de comparaison de graphes adaptée aux besoins réels de la recherche d'information est proposée. Notre méthode d'indexation se veut générique car elle peut être utilisée aussi bien dans un système de recherche d'information multilingue que dans un hypertexte à base de connaissances. Pour valider notre proposition, un prototype, appelé SyDoM, a été implanté, répondant aux besoins d'une bibliothèque virtuelle.
Download or read book Une M thode d indexation automatique des documents fond e sur l exploitation de leurs propri t s structurelles written by Dalila Kerkouba and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stratégie d'indexation automatique de textes en langue naturelle. Intérêts aux aspects structurels du document pour: ― la définition d'une stratégie globale d'indexation fondée sur l'exploitation de la structure logique du document, ainsi que d'éléments textuels particuliers (titres ...) ― la définition de termes d'indexation à partir de celle de syntagmes de la langue naturelle. Les termes d'indexation sont normalisés via une base de connaissances prédéfinie. Les principaux algorithmes utilisés sont présentés, ainsi que les résultats d'expérimentation sur un corpus technique (normes d'exploitation et de fonctionnement du NET).
Download or read book Pr cis of the Lectures on Architecture written by Jean-Nicolas-Louis Durand and published by Getty Publications. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jean-Nicolas-Louis Durand (1760–1834) regarded the Précis of the Lectures on Architecture (1802–5) and its companion volume, the Graphic Portion (1821), as both a basic course for future civil engineers and a treatise. Focusing the practice of architecture on utilitarian and economic values, he assailed the rationale behind classical architectural training: beauty, proportionality, and symbolism. His formal systematization of plans, elevations, and sections transformed architectural design into a selective modular typology in which symmetry and simple geometrical forms prevailed. His emphasis on pragmatic values, to the exclusion of metaphysical concerns, represented architecture as a closed system that subjected its own formal language to logical processes. Now published in English for the first time, the Précis and the Graphic Portion are classics of architectural education.
Download or read book PROMOTION DE LA SANTE ET AUTONOMISATION DANS LE CONTEXTE AFRICAIN written by David HouŽto and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2014-02-26 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Le terme promotion de la santé en Afrique, près de 30 ans après l'adoption de la Charte d'Ottawa, continue d'avoir des connotations complètement hors du sens que lui confère cette charte. Cela n'est pas étonnant quand on sait que la notion de santé dans ce contexte africain équivaut à la lutte contre la maladie à travers les soins de santé dispensés par des professionnels de la santé dans des formations sanitaires et les hôpitaux. L'évolution que connait le continent depuis quelques décennies est de donner un peu plus de place à la communauté à travers les relais communautaires dans une participation communautaire vidée de son contenu, car le pouvoir n'est jamais passé entre les mains des communautés.C'est au vu de tout ceci que le présent ouvrage à sa raison d'être pour expliquer les fondements de l'autonomisation communautaire et de la promotion de la santé avec leur importance pour la région africaine en proie aux mauvais indicateurs de santé comparativement aux autres régions du monde.
Download or read book International Organisation and Dissemination of Knowledge written by Paul Otlet and published by Elsevier Publishing Company. This book was released on 1990 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book General Practice written by John Murtagh and published by McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing. This book was released on 1998 with total page 1296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From a leading figure in Australian medicine comes this edition of thi s immmensely user-friendly reference that employs a symptom-based appr oach to clinical practice. For the full range of conditions met in pri mary practice, you'll review approach to the patient, the physical exa m, probable causes, differential diagnosis, and treatment strategies. Throughout, Dr. Murtagh adds his own clinical pearls that are both ins ightful and a delight to read. Superb illustrations demonstrate examin ation technqiue and abundant use of tables and charts makes diagnosis quick and easy. Most importantly, the clinical insights of internation ally recognized authority Dr. John Murtagh make this a unique and usef ul resource for the physician, nurse practitioner or physician assista nt.
Download or read book Art in History History in Art written by David Freedberg and published by Getty Publications. This book was released on 1996-07-11 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historians and art historians provide a critique of existing methodologies and an interdisciplinary inquiry into seventeenth-century Dutch art and culture.
Download or read book Law and the Semantic Web written by V. Richard Benjamins and published by Springer. This book was released on 2005-02-09 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: by Roberto Cencioni At the Lisbon Summit in March 2000, European heads of state and government set a new goal for the European Union — to become the most competitive knowled- based society in the world by 2010. As part of this objective, ICT (information and communication technologies) services should become available for every citizen, and for all schools, homes and businesses. The book you have in front of you is about Semantic Web technology and law. Law is something omnipresent; all citizens — at some points in their lives — have to deal with it. In addition, law involves a large group of professionals, and is a mul- billion business world wide. Information technology is important because it that can improve citizens’ interaction with law, as well as improve legal professionals’ work environment. Legal professionals dedicate a significant amount of their time to finding, reading, analyzing and synthesizing information in order to take decisions, and prepare advice and trials, among other tasks. As part of the “Semantic-Based Knowledge and Content Systems” Strategic Objective, the European Commission is funding projects to construct technology to make the Semantic Web vision come true. 1 The articles in this book are related to two current foci of the Strategic Objective : • Knowledge acquisition and modelling, capturing knowledge from raw information and multimedia content in webs and other distributed repositories to turn poorly structured information into machi- processable knowledge.
Download or read book Advances in Intelligent Systems written by S.G. Tzafestas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-11-30 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intelligent Systems involve a large class of systems which posses human-like capabilities such as learning, observation, perception, interpretation, reasoning under uncertainty, planning in known and unknown environments, decision making, and control action. The field of intelligent systems is actually a new interdisciplinary field which is the outcome of the interaction, cooperation and synergetic merging of classical fields such as system theory, control theory, artificial intelligence, information theory, operational research, soft computing, communications, linguistic theory, and others. Integrated intelligent decision and control systems involve three primary hierarchical levels, namely organization, coordination and execution levels. As we proceed from the be performed organization to the execution level, the precision about the jobs to increases and accordingly the intelligence required for these jobs decreases. This is in compliance with the principle of increasing precision with decreasing intelligence (IPOI) known from the management field and theoretically established by Saridis using information theory concepts. This book is concerned with intelligent systems and techniques and gives emphasis on the computational and processing issues. Control issues are not included here. The contributions of the book are presented in four parts as follows.
Download or read book The Semantics of Relationships written by R. Green and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-18 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The genesis of this volume was the participation of the editors in an ACMlSIGIR (Association for Computing Machinery/Special Interest Group on Information Retrieval) workshop entitled "Beyond Word Relations" (Hetzler, 1997). This workshop examined a number of relationship types with significance for information retrieval beyond the conventional topic-matching relationship. From this shared participation came the idea for an edited volume on relationships, with chapters to be solicited from researchers and practitioners throughout the world. Ultimately, one volume became two volumes. The first volume, Relationships in the Organization of Knowledge (Bean & Green, 200 I), examines the role of relationships in knowledge organization theory and practice, with emphasis given to thesaural relationships and integration across systems, languages, cultures, and disciplines. This second volume examines relationships in a broader array of contexts. The two volumes should be seen as companions, each informing the other. As with the companion volume, we are especially grateful to the authors who willingly accepted challenges of space and time to produce chapters that summarize extensive bodies of research. The value of the volume clearly resides in the quality of the individual chapters. In naming this volume The Semantics of Relationships: An Interdisciplinary Perspective, we wanted to highlight the fact that relationships are not just empty connectives. Relationships constitute important conceptual units and make significant contributions to meaning.
Download or read book Wooden Eyes written by Carlo Ginzburg and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ginzburg, "the preeminent Italian historian of his generation [who] helped create the genre of microhistory" ("New York Times"), ruminates on how perspective affects what we see and understand. 26 illustrations.
Download or read book Computer Assisted Research in the Humanities written by Joseph Raben and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-05-18 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computer-Assisted Research in the Humanities describes various computer-assisted research in the humanities and related social sciences. It is a compendium of data collected between November 1966 and May 1972 and published in Computer and the Humanities. The book begins with an analysis of language teaching texts including the DOVACK system, a program used for remedial reading instruction. It then discusses the objectives, types of computer used, and status of the Bibliographic On-line Display (BOLD), semiotic systems, augmented human intellect program, automatic indexing, and similar research. The remaining chapters present computer-assisted research on language and literature, philosophy, social sciences, and visual arts. Students who seek a single reference work for computer-assisted research in the humanities will find this book useful.
Download or read book ELexicography in the 21st Century New Challenges New Applications written by Sylviane Granger and published by Presses univ. de Louvain. This book was released on 2010-06 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of lexicography is undergoing a major revolution. The rapid replacement of the traditional paper dictionary by electronic dictionaries opens up exciting possibilities but also constitutes a major challenge to the field. The eLexicography in the 21st Century: New Challenges, New Applications conference organized by the Centre for English Corpus Linguistics of the Université catholique de Louvain in October 2009 aimed to bring together the many researchers around the world who are working in the fast developing field of electronic lexicography and to act as a showcase for the latest lexicographic developments and software solutions in the field. The conference attracted both academics and industrial partners from 30 different countries who presented electronic dictionary projects dealing with no less than 22 languages. The resulting proceedings volume bears witness to the tremendous vitality and diversity of research in the field. The volume covers a wide range span of topics, including: -the use of language resources for lexicographic purposes, in the form of lexical databases like WordNet or corpora of different types - innovative changes to the dictionary structure afforded by the electronic medium, in particular multiple access routes and efficient integration of phraseology -specialised dictionaries (e.g. SMS dictionaries, sign language dictionaries) -automated customisation of dictionaries in function of users' needs -exploitation of Natural Language Processing tools - integration of electronic dictionaries into language learning and teaching
Download or read book United Nations Yearbook of the International Law Commission written by United Nations. International Law Commission and published by . This book was released on 1956 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book E Lexicography written by Pedro A. Fuertes-Olivera and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2011-10-20 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book looks at current research and future directions in e-lexicography. Online dictionaries and reference tools are increasingly prevalent in a digitized and internet-led era in language study that has embraced computational linguistics. This book responds with theoretical and practical analysis of key topics, from a global range of contributors. Since COBUILD in the 1980s, lexicographers have found it essential to engage with and utilize electronic computational tools. Internet dictionaries, online reference tools and even search engine optimization demand a knowledge of electronic lexicography and force a reassessment of the field. This volume looks at, amongst other topics: • Polyfunctional versus monofunctional dictionary tools • Developing theories of lexicography for electronic mediums • Distinguishing between the database and the dictionary • Online dictionaries not as data repositories but as sophisticated search engines This volume will appeal to scholars in lexicography and to practicing lexicographers.
