Download or read book Lunar Orbiter I Preliminary Results written by J. Kenrick Hughes and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Lunar Orbiter I Preliminary Results written by and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Preliminary Results from the Lunar Orbiter Selenodesy Experiment written by William H. Michael and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Apollo 14 written by Manned Spacecraft Center (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Apollo 14, the third mission during which men have worked on the surface of the Moon, was highly successful. This mission to the Fra Mauro Formation provided geophysical data from a new set of instruments... Because of improved equipment, such as the modularized equipment transporter, and because of the extended time spent on the lunar surface, a large quantity and variety of lunar samples were returned to Earth for detailed examination. New information concerning the mechanics of the lunar soil was also obtained during this mission. In addition, five lunar-orbital experiments were conducted during the Apollo 14 mission, needing no new equipment other than a camera. The experiments were executed by the command module pilot in the command and service module while the commander and the lunar module pilot were on the surface of the Moon. This report is preliminary in nature; however, it is meant to acquaint the reader with the actual conduct of the Apollo 14 scientific mission and to record the facts as they appear in the early stages of the scientific mission evaluation. As far as possible, data trends are reported, and preliminary results and conclusions are included."--p. xi.
Download or read book Apollo 12 Preliminary Science Report written by Manned Spacecraft Center (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Apollo 11 Mission, primarily designed to land men on the Moon and return them safely to Earth, signaled a new phase of the manned space program. Based on the success of Apollo 11, the first of a series of missions designed for the systematic exploration of the Moon was successfully accomplished on Apollo 12. The fact that the Apollo 12 astronauts were able to achieve a pinpoint landing at a preselected site, and then spend an extended time on the lunar surface, graphically illustrates the rapid progress of the Apollo program. The Apollo 12 mission added significantly to man's knowledge of the Moon. The precise landing capability allowed the crew to accomplish a wide variety of preplanned tasks and paved the way for planning future missions to smaller, more selected landing areas with the possibility of significant scientific returns. The publication includes chapters on mission description, summary of scientific results, photographic summary of the Apollo 12 Mission, crew observations, passive seismic experiment, lunar surface magnetometer experiment, the solar-wind spectrometer experiment, suprathermal ion detector experiment (lunar ionosphere detector), cold cathode gage (lunar atmosphere detector), the solar-wind composition experiment, Apollo 12 multispectral photography experiment, preliminary geologic investigation of the Apollo 12 landing site, lunar surface closeup stereoscopic photography, preliminary examination of lunar samples, and preliminary results from Surveyor 3 analysis.
Download or read book Apollo 16 Preliminary Science Report written by Manned Spacecraft Center (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preliminary results of Apollo 16 investigations.
Download or read book Apollo 17 written by Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Apollo 17 flight and lunar landing, the sixth and final lunar landing and third extended science capability mission in the Apollo Program, are discussed with emphasis on the scientific endeavors conducted on the lunar surface. The scientific investigation of the mission is presented in three interrelated types of activities: the lunar surface sampling and observation, the lunar surface experiments, and the inflight experiments. Collection, documentation, and description of the lunar samples are discussed with a preliminary evaluation and analysis. The lunar surface experiments are described, including the results and their relationship to the scientific objectives of each experiment. The geochemical, photographic, geophysical, topographic, and medical data resulting from experiments conducted in flight are presented.
Download or read book Destination Moon written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-02-12 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication documents the origins of the Lunar Orbiter Program and records the activities of the missions then in progress. Covers the period 1963 - 1970 when Lunar Orbiters were providing the Apollo program with photographic and selenodetic data for evaluating proposed astronaut landing sites.
Download or read book Destination Moon written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by . This book was released on 2017-04-15 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an excellent history of the historic Lunar Orbiter project in the 1960s leading to America's Apollo moon landing. Lunar Orbiter brought several new departures in U.S. efforts to explore the Moon before landing men there. It was the first big deep space project for Langley Research Center. It came into being in 1963 after the Ranger and Surveyor Programs were well along in their development and at a time when the data it could acquire would be timely to Apollo only for mission design, not for equipment design, since the decisions on the basic Apollo equipment had already been made. Although Lunar Orbiter was not a "crash" effort, it did require that Langley Research Center set up a development and testing schedule in which various phases of the project would run nearly concurrently. This approach had not been tried before on a major lunar program. Chapter I - Unmanned Lunar Exploration and the Need for a Lunar Orbiter * The Call for a Program of Exploration * Mustering for the Challenge of Space * Chapter II - Toward a Lightweight Lunar Orbiter * The Surveyor Program * Early Apollo Impact on Lunar Orbiter Planning * The Centaur Rocket Program * The Search for a Lightweight Orbiter * OSS-OMSF Cooperative Planning * The Scherer Group's Report * Problems at JPL * Langley Enters the Picture * Establishing Management Arrangements * Langley Develops the Request for Proposal Document * Stipulations of the Request for Proposal Document * Chapter III - Beginning the Lunar Orbiter Program * Congress questions NASA on Orbiter * The Lunar Orbiter Project Office is Established * Preparing for Contract Bids * The Langley Source Evaluation Board * The Lunar Orbiter Proposals * The Boeing Lunar Orbiter Proposal * The Eastman Kodak Photographic System * Selecting the Lunar Orbiter Contractor * Chapter IV - NASA and Boeing Negotiate a Contract * Early Boeing Preparations * NASA Preparations for Contract Negotiations * Congressional Criticism of Contractor Choice * No Duplication of Effort * NASA Solely Responsible for Photographic Data * Langley-JPL Working Relations * Chapter V - Implementing the Program * Early Funding Considerations * Boeing Negotiations with Subcontractors * NASA Cost-Reduction Efforts * Chapter VI - The Lunar Orbiter Spacecraft * A General Description * Early Design, Fabrication, and Testing Problems * Chapter VII - Building the Spacecraft: Problems and Resolutions * Experiments for Lunar Orbiter * Other Potential Experiments * Preliminary Mission Planning Activities * Testing Procedures and Program Reviews * Problem Areas: Last Quarter 1964 to First Half 1965 * Chapter VIII - Lunar Orbiter Mission Objectives and Apollo Requirements * OSSA and OMSF Planning Activities * Developing Mission Designs * The Ad Hoc Surveyor/Orbiter Utilization Committee (SOUC) * Presentation of Mission A * Funding and Technical Problems - 1965 * The Status of the Boeing Contract * Spacecraft Compatibility with Launch and Tracking Facilities * Flight Recording Equipment * A Change in Delivery Incentive * Chapter IX - Missions I, II, and III: Apollo-Site Search and Verification * Preparations for the First Launch * The First Launch * Results of the First Mission * Prelude to Mission II * The Plan for Mission II * The Second Mission * The Third Orbiter Mission * Chapter X - Missions IV and V: The Lunar Surface Explored * Preparing for the Fourth Mission * The Fourth Orbiter Mission * Preparations for the Fifth Mission * Lunar Orbiter V Mission Objectives * The Final Mission * The End of the Operational Phase * Chapter XI - Conclusions: Lunar Orbiter's Contribution to Space Exploration * A Sixth Orbiter Mission? * Apollo Mission Planning and Lunar Orbiter Data * Results of Non-Photographic Lunar Orbiter Experiments * A Meaning for the Lunar Orbiter Achievements * Chapter XII - Lunar Orbiter Photography * A. The Spacecraft * B. Mission Operations
Download or read book Destination Moon written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Professionally converted for accurate flowing-text e-book format reproduction, this is an excellent history of the historic Lunar Orbiter project in the 1960s leading to America's Apollo moon landing.Lunar Orbiter brought several new departures in U.S. efforts to explore the Moon before landing men there. It was the first big deep space project for Langley Research Center. It came into being in 1963 after the Ranger and Surveyor Programs were well along in their development and at a time when the data it could acquire would be timely to Apollo only for mission design, not for equipment design, since the decisions on the basic Apollo equipment had already been made. Although Lunar Orbiter was not a "crash" effort, it did require that Langley Research Center set up a development and testing schedule in which various phases of the project would run nearly concurrently. This approach had not been tried before on a major lunar program.Chapter I - Unmanned Lunar Exploration and the Need for a Lunar Orbiter * The Call for a Program of Exploration * Mustering for the Challenge of Space * Chapter II - Toward a Lightweight Lunar Orbiter * The Surveyor Program * Early Apollo Impact on Lunar Orbiter Planning * The Centaur Rocket Program * The Search for a Lightweight Orbiter * OSS-OMSF Cooperative Planning * The Scherer Group's Report * Problems at JPL * Langley Enters the Picture * Establishing Management Arrangements * Langley Develops the Request for Proposal Document * Stipulations of the Request for Proposal Document * Chapter III - Beginning the Lunar Orbiter Program * Congress questions NASA on Orbiter * The Lunar Orbiter Project Office is Established * Preparing for Contract Bids * The Langley Source Evaluation Board * The Lunar Orbiter Proposals * The Boeing Lunar Orbiter Proposal * The Eastman Kodak Photographic System * Selecting the Lunar Orbiter Contractor * Chapter IV - NASA and Boeing Negotiate a Contract * Early Boeing Preparations * NASA Preparations for Contract Negotiations * Congressional Criticism of Contractor Choice * No Duplication of Effort * NASA Solely Responsible for Photographic Data * Langley-JPL Working Relations * Chapter V - Implementing the Program * Early Funding Considerations * Boeing Negotiations with Subcontractors * NASA Cost-Reduction Efforts * Chapter VI - The Lunar Orbiter Spacecraft * A General Description * Early Design, Fabrication, and Testing Problems * Chapter VII - Building the Spacecraft: Problems and Resolutions * Experiments for Lunar Orbiter * Other Potential Experiments * Preliminary Mission Planning Activities * Testing Procedures and Program Reviews * Problem Areas: Last Quarter 1964 to First Half 1965 * Chapter VIII - Lunar Orbiter Mission Objectives and Apollo Requirements * OSSA and OMSF Planning Activities * Developing Mission Designs * The Ad Hoc Surveyor/Orbiter Utilization Committee (SOUC) * Presentation of Mission A * Funding and Technical Problems - 1965 * The Status of the Boeing Contract * Spacecraft Compatibility with Launch and Tracking Facilities * Flight Recording Equipment * A Change in Delivery Incentive * Chapter IX - Missions I, II, and III: Apollo-Site Search and Verification * Preparations for the First Launch * The First Launch * Results of the First Mission * Prelude to Mission II * The Plan for Mission II * The Second Mission * The Third Orbiter Mission * Chapter X - Missions IV and V: The Lunar Surface Explored * Preparing for the Fourth Mission * The Fourth Orbiter Mission * Preparations for the Fifth Mission * Lunar Orbiter V Mission Objectives * The Final Mission * The End of the Operational Phase * Chapter XI - Conclusions: Lunar Orbiter's Contribution to Space Exploration * A Sixth Orbiter Mission? *...
Download or read book Apollo 14 written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2014-10-06 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third manned lunar landing, which increased to almost 200 the man-hours spent by astronauts on the Moon's surface, differed in character from previous missions. The dominant aspect of the first landing was, simply, that it was done. The second landing was notable for the precision that brought a manned spacecraft to rest 183 m from its target site, a robot spacecraft dispatched to the Moon two and a half years before. But the outstanding characteristic of the third landing, when Antares came down to the rolling foothills of Fra Mauro, was the exceptionally rich harvest in lunar science that the mission achieved. At Fra Mauro, astronauts Shepard and Mitchell emplaced an automatic geophysical station that quickly began to work in harness with Station 12, already functioning 181 km to the west, forming a valuable network that permits simultaneous observation from physically separated instruments. They also made a traverse on foot of record extent in an area of extreme geologic interest and brought back to Earth data and core tubes and other geologic samples in unprecedented volume. The preliminary scientific results reported in this publication are the product of work performed in the months immediately following the mission. Unquestionably these analyses and interpretations will be expanded and refined during the months and years to come. Apollo 14, the third mission, during which men have worked on the surface of the Moon, was highly successful. With the understanding of the lunar environment achieved by Apollo 11 and the pinpoint-landing capability demonstrated by Apollo 12, the Apollo 14 landing could be planned for a much rougher area of the Moon and one of prime scientific interest. This mission to the Fra Mauro Formation provided geophysical data from a new set of instruments located at latitude 3°40' S, longitude 17°27' W. The Apollo 12 lunar-surface experiments package deployed in November 1969 is still functioning at latitude 3°11 ' S, longitude 23°23' W, in the Ocean of Storms approximately 180 km from the Apollo 14 landing site. Comparisons between data from these first two sites in the Apollo scientific network can now be made. As an example, a single known seismic event, such as the impact of the lunar module ascent stage on the surface of the Moon, resulted in positive indications at both sites. The topography in the landing area was extremely interesting, and the geological and geochemical returns were great. Because of improved equipment, such as the modularized equipment transporter, and because of the extended time spent on the lunar surface, a large quantity and variety of lunar samples were returned to Earth for detailed examination. New information concerning the mechanics of the lunar soil was also obtained during this mission. In addition, five lunar-orbital experiments were conducted during the Apollo 14 mission, needing no new equipment other than a camera. The experiments were executed by the command module pilot in the command and service module while the commander and the lunar module pilot were on the surface of the Moon. This report is preliminary in nature; however, it is meant to acquaint the reader with the actual conduct of the Apollo 14 scientific mission and to record the facts as they appear in the early stages of the scientific mission evaluation. As far as possible, data trends are reported, and preliminary results and conclusions are included. Large numbers of samples and quantities of data must yet be examined and the results compared with the scientific information resulting from the Apollo 11 and 12 missions before any final conclusions can be drawn.
Download or read book Lunar Orbiter Ranging Data written by John Derral Mulholland and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Apollo 11 written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration and published by . This book was released on 2014-10-06 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our first journey to the Moon ushered in a new era in which man will no longer be confined to his home planet. The concept of traveling across the vastness of space to new worlds has stirred the imagination of men everywhere. One-sixth of the Earth's population watched as the Apollo 11 astronauts walked and worked a quarter of a million miles away, The success of this mission has opened new fields of exploration and research- research which will lead to a greater understanding of our planet and provide a new insight into the origin and history of the solar system. The Apollo 11 mission was only a beginning, however. Subsequent missions will reflect more ambitious scientific objectives and will include more comprehensive observations and measurements at a variety of lunar sites. This document is a preliminary report of the initial scientific observations resulting from the Apollo 11 mission. We expect that further significant results will come from more detailed analysis of the returned samples of lunar material, and from additional study of the photographs and data obtained from the emplaced experiments. Beyond that, we look forward to increasing international participation in the exploration of the Moon and neighboring regions of our solar system. The Manned Space Flight Program dedicated to the exploration and use of space by man. In the immediate future, men will continue exploring the Moon, adding greatly to our knowledge of the Moon, the Earth, and the solar system. It is expected that in Earth orbital laboratories men will conduct experiments and make observations that are possible only in the space environment. In standing firmly behind the space science program, it has been necessary to provide means for man to live and work in "this new ocean." A transportation system has had to be provided with a navigation system of great precision. An extensive medical program has been necessary to provide data on man's reaction to the space environment. The Mercury, Gemini, and early Apollo missions have produced, step by step, the answers needed for the Apollo 11 lunar landing mission. The rapid progress of the program obscured its great problems. The success of the Apollo 11 mission was solidly based on excellent technology, sound decisions, and a test program that was carefully planned and executed. To this foundation was added the skill and bravery of the astronauts, backed up by a fully trained and highly motivated ground team. It must not be forgotten that the lunar mission was very complex from all points of view--planning, hardware, software, and operations. Of necessity, margins were small and even small deviations in performance or conduct of the mission could have jeopardized mission success. In parallel with the emphasis on engineering problems and their solution, the scientific part of the Apollo 11 mission was planned and executed with great care. The samples of lunar soil and rocks returned by the astronauts will add much detailed scientific information. The photographs and observations of the crew have already answered some questions man has asked for thousands of years. The emplaced experiments have yielded data unavailable until now. This report is preliminary and covers only the initial scientific results of the Apollo 11 mission. Much work remains for the large number of scientists involved to understand and interpret the facts that are only partly exposed today.
Download or read book Effect of Gravitational model Selection on Accuracy of Lunar Orbit Determination from Short Data Arcs written by Harold A. Hamer and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 892 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dynamics of Satellites 1969 written by Bruno Morando and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gathers the proceedings of a symposium on Dynamics of satellites which took place in Prague in May 1969 during the twelfth COSPAR meeting. This symposium was sponsored by the International Astronomical Union, the International Association of Geodesy, the International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics and COSPAR (Committee on Space Research). The organizing committee was composed of Dr. KOVALEVSKY chair man, Dr. Yu. V. BATRAKOV representing IAU, Dr. A. H. COOK for lAG, Dr. D. KING-HELE for COSPAR, Prof. M. Roy for IUTAM and Dr. ROSENBERG. I wish to take advantage of the opportunity to thank, on behalf of all the participants, the organizing committee members, Prof. BUCHAR, Dr. RAJSK:I and Dr. SEHNAL, for the kindness and efficiency of their welcome. The interpreters who translated with virtuosity during the whole symposium also deserve our gratitude. I am grateful also for the care and skill with which Springer-Verlag has printed this volume.
Download or read book NASA Technical Note written by and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
