Download or read book Low Temperature Techniques for Electron Irradiations written by C. M. Jimenez and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The experimental techniques for low temperature electron irradiation of metals are discussed in detail. Problems discussed include those of dosimetry, temperature measurement, sample preparation and data analysis. (Author).
Download or read book Low Temperature Techniques for Electron Irradiations written by C. M. Jimenez and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The experimental techniques for low temperature electron irradiation of metals are discussed in detail. Problems discussed include those of dosimetry, temperature measurement, sample preparation and data analysis. (Author)
Download or read book Equipment and Techniques for Low Temperature Electron Irradiations written by L. F. Lowe and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A system is described for marking low tempera ture electron bombardment studies. A luquid helium Dewar is used in conjunction with a 1.2MeV Dynamitron electron accelerator. Cooling is by conduction, and annealing is accomplished by balancing the helium flow rate through the cooling coils with a heater located within the cooling head. Details of the sample mount are given along with the beam positioning and monitoring devices. (Author).
Download or read book Low Temperature Electron Irradiation Studies in Metals written by C. M. Jimenez and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polycrystalline platinum and palladium were bombarded with monoenergetic electrons at temperatures below 9K. Changes in electrical resistivity R(E) = delta rho/electron-sq cm were measured in the energy range 1.1 to 3.0 MeV. The experimental values found in this interval are consistent with displacement threshold energies of 37 eV for Pt and 34 eV for Pd. The resistivities per unit defect concentration were found to be 0.00075 and 0.0009 ohm-cm for Pt and Pd respectively. The threshold energies found here, together with values reported for other face centered cubic elements, are shown to be directly proportional to atomic number and inversely proportional to the lattice parameter. It is also shown that the resistivities per unit defect concentration can be correlated with the resistivity at 0C. Analysis of the energy dependence of the damage production indicates atomic displacement cascades are markedly inhibited, which is consistent with deuteron damage studies. Alternative multiple displacement models and possible mechanisms are discussed. (Author).
Download or read book Formation of Reversible Colored Modifications at Low Temperatures by Bombardment with Electrons written by Yehuda Hirshberg and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ultrastructure Techniques for Microorganisms written by H. C. Aldrich and published by . This book was released on 1986-08-31 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Low Temperature Electron Irradiation Studies in Metals written by C. M. Jimenez and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polycrystalline platinum and palladium were bombarded with monoenergetic electrons at temperatures below 9K. Changes in electrical resistivity R(E) = delta rho/electron-sq cm were measured in the energy range 1.1 to 3.0 MeV. The experimental values found in this interval are consistent with displacement threshold energies of 37 eV for Pt and 34 eV for Pd. The resistivities per unit defect concentration were found to be 0.00075 and 0.0009 ohm-cm for Pt and Pd respectively. The threshold energies found here, together with values reported for other face centered cubic elements, are shown to be directly proportional to atomic number and inversely proportional to the lattice parameter. It is also shown that the resistivities per unit defect concentration can be correlated with the resistivity at 0C. Analysis of the energy dependence of the damage production indicates atomic displacement cascades are markedly inhibited, which is consistent with deuteron damage studies. Alternative multiple displacement models and possible mechanisms are discussed. (Author).
Download or read book Low Temperature Electronics written by Edmundo A. Gutierrez-D and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000-10-25 with total page 986 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low Temperature Electronics: Physics, Devices, Circuits, and Applications summarizes the recent advances in cryoelectronics starting from the fundamentals in physics and semiconductor devices to electronic systems, hybrid superconductor-semiconductor technologies, photonic devices, cryocoolers and thermal management. Furthermore, this book provides an exploration of the currently available theory, research, and technologies related to cryoelectronics, including treatment of the solid state physical properties of the materials used in these systems. Current applications are found in infrared systems, satellite communications and medical equipment. There are opportunities to expand in newer fields such as wireless and mobile communications, computers, and measurement and scientific equipment. Low temperature operations can offer certain advantages such as higher operational speeds, lower power dissipation, shorter signal transmission times, higher semiconductor and metal thermal conductivities, and improved digital and analog circuit performance. The computer, telecommunication, and cellular phone market is pushing the semiconductor industry towards the development of very aggressive device and integrated circuit fabrication technologies. This is taking these technologies towards the physical miniaturization limit, where quantum effects and fabrication costs are becoming a technological and economical barrier for further development. In view of these limitations, operation of semiconductor devices and circuits at low temperature (cryogenic temperature) is studied in this book. * It is a book intended for a wide audience: students, scientists, technology development engineers, private companies, universities, etc. * It contains information which is for the first time available as an all-in-one source; Interdisciplinary material is arranged and made compatible in this book * It is a must as reference source
Download or read book Experimental Techniques for Low Temperature Measurements written by Jack Ekin and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2006-10-12 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher description
Download or read book Low Temperature X Ray Diffraction written by Reuben Rudman and published by Springer. This book was released on 1976-12 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low-temperature X-ray diffraction (LTXRD) investigations offer many challenges to the diffractionist, not all of which are technical or scientific in nature. LTXRD studies can be frustrating: There are at least two reports of investigations ruined by the loss of crystals (grown with extreme difficulty) because of the widespread power failure and blackout in the northeastern United States in late 1965. LTXRD studies can cause discomfort: In several instances, "low temperatures" have been attained by opening all the windows in the X-ray laboratory. LTXRD studies can be dangerous: It was once reported that a crys tal was lost because a laboratory assistant fell down a flight of stairs and lay unconscious for about an hour on his way to refilling a liquid-nitrogen (LN2 ) dewar. This last report indicated the disposition of the crystal but not that of the laboratory assistant. However, in general, the results of low-temperature X-ray diffraction investigations cannot be obtained in any other manner, and one is well compensated for the effort expended in constructing and maintaining a low-temperature system. Crystal-structure analyses of solidified liquids and gases, phase transformation investigations, accurate crystal-structure analy ses and electron-density maps, thermal expansion measurements, and defect structure studies are a few of the many important applications of LTXRD.
Download or read book Low Temperature Electron Trapping Lifetimes and Extrinsic Photoconductivity in N type Silicon Doped with Shallow Impuriites written by R. Levitt and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The trapping lifetimes tL are generally independent of temperature between 4.2 K, and 1.2 K, and are inversely proportional to the compensating acceptor concentration. This latter was determined using a recently developed combined infrared radiation and spin resonance method. The trapping cross-section result for phosphorus donors is about 000,000,000,005 square centimeters at 3 K. This is about an order of magnitude larger than the value obtained from the giant trap theory of M. Lax. Also, the concentration independence of the cross-section in the region of temperature independent tL is not accounted for easily.
Download or read book Progress in Low Temperature Physics written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-11-03 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A number of interrelated areas of low temperature physics are brought together in this volume. The four topics are presented as separate chapters. First is the study of the Kibble-Zurek mechanism for defect formation following quench cooling of superfluid 3He and its relation to quantum field theory. Properties of heavy fermion materials are described next with special attention to the competition between magnetism and superconductivity. Some of the newest correlated electron systems are discussed and the arguments for possible unconventional nature of the superconducting order parameter are presented for these systems, including the novel coexistence of ferromagnetism and superconductivity. Highly polarized degenerate Fermi liquids are of substantial interest in many areas of physics. The most complete description of observations of thermodynamic and transport phenomena are reviewed here for the case of polarized liquid 3He obtained by rapid melting from a polarized solid and subsequent rapid refrigeration. Properties of the melting curve of 3He, and the related technique of melting curve thermometry are described in detail. · Superfluid 3He and Quantum Field Theory· Large Scale structure of the Universe· Unconventional Superconductivity· Heavy Fermions· Quantum Phase Transitions· Polarized Fermi Liquids · Rapid Melting· 3He Melting Curve· Low Temperature Thermometry
Download or read book Physics and Technology of Low temperature Plasmas written by S. V. Dresvin and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 1977 with total page 1104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Applications of Synchrotron Radiation in Low Temperature Geochemistry and Environmental Science written by Paul A. Fenter and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 49 of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry reviews the state of the art of synchrotron radiation applications in low temperature geochemistry and environmental science, and offer speculations on future developments. The reader of this volume will acquire an appreciation of the theory and applications of synchrotron radiation in low temperature geochemistry and environmental science, as well as the significant advances that have been made in this area in the past two decades. It gives a fairly comprehensive overview of synchrotron radiation applications in low temperature geochemistry and environmental science, describes the ways that synchrotron radiation is generated, including a history of synchrotrons and a discussion of aspects of synchrotron radiation that are important to the experimentalist, describes specific synchrotron methods that are most useful for single-crystal surface and mineral-fluid interface studies as well as methods that can be used more generally for investigating complex polyphase fine-grained or amorphous materials, including soils, rocks, and organic matter.
Download or read book Physics and Chemistry at Low Temperatures written by Leonid Khriachtchev and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-05-08 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tunneling reactions in chemistry are characterized by the low-temperature limit when the classical contribution is negligible. Many practical applications benefit from the lack of heat and have a deep physical basis. Interesting advantages of chemical synthesis at low temperatures have also been demonstrated. This book covers fundamental and practical aspects of the processes and experimental and theoretical methods used in the field. The chapters are written by leading scientists who have very strong experience in the selected topics, and many practical recommendations can be found in this book.
Download or read book Low Temperature Physics written by Hans-Christian Stahl and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-04-05 with total page 579 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents experiment, theory and technology in a unified manner. Contains numerous illustrations, tables and references as well as carefully selected problems for students. Surveys the fascinating historical development of the field.
Download or read book Scanning Electron Microscopy written by Ludwig Reimer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scanning Electron Microscopy provides a description of the physics of electron-probe formation and of electron-specimen interactions. The different imaging and analytical modes using secondary and backscattered electrons, electron-beam-induced currents, X-ray and Auger electrons, electron channelling effects, and cathodoluminescence are discussed to evaluate specific contrasts and to obtain quantitative information.
