Download or read book Low Temperature Selective Catalytic Reduction of Nitric Oxide with Ammonia Using Copper Ion exchanged Zeolites written by Kathryn A. Steichen and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx written by Oliver Kröcher and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-12-14 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx" that was published in Catalysts
Download or read book Selective Catalytic Reduction of Nitric Oxide by Ammonia Over Iron Exchanged Y Zeolites written by Michael Dimitrios Amiridis and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 684 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Atlas of Zeolite Framework Types written by Ch. Baerlocher and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-09-12 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zeolite scientists, whether they are working in synthesis, catalysis, characterization or application development, use the Atlas of Zeolite Framework Types as a reference. It describes the main features of all of the confirmed zeolite framework structures, and gives references to the relevant primary structural literature. Since the last edition 34 more framwork types have been approved and are described in this new edition. A further new feature will be that characteristic building units will be listed for each of the framework types.Zeolites and their analogs are used as desiccants, as water softeners, as shape-selective acid catalysts, as molecular sieves, as concentrators of radioactive isotopes, as blood clotting agents, and even as additives to animal feeds. Recently, their suitability as hosts for nanometer spacing of atomic clusters has also been demonstrated. These diverse applications are a reflection of the fascinating structures of these microporous materials. Each time a new zeolite framework structure is reported, it is examined by the Structure Commission of the International Zeolite Association (IZA-SC), and if it is found to be unique and to conform to the IZA-SC's definition of a zeolite, it is assigned a 3-letter framework type code. This code is part of the official IUPAC nomenclature for microporous materials. The Atlas of Zeolite Framework Types is essentially a compilation of data for each of these confirmed framework types. These data include a stereo drawing showing the framework connectivity, features that characterize the idealized framework structure, a list of materials with this framework type, information on the type material that was used to establish the framework type, and stereo drawings of the pore openings of the type material. - Clear stereo drawings of each of the framework types - Description of the features of the framework type, allowing readers to quickly see if the framework type is suitable to their needs - References to isotypic materials, readers can quickly identify related materials and consult the appropriate reference
Download or read book Low Temperature Selective Catalytic Reduction SCR of Nitric Oxide with Ammonia written by Lydia Singoredjo and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Direct Catalytic Decomposition of Nitric Oxide written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project will investigate a suitable catalyst system for the direct NO decomposition, for post-combustion NO. control. The proposed process will not use a reductant, such as ammonia in case of Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) process for catalytic reduction of NO(subscript x) to nitrogen. This is a simplified process basically involving passing the flue gas through a catalytic converter, thus avoiding problems generally associated with the commercial Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) process, namely high operating cost, ammonia slip, and potential N20 emissions. A brief description of the proposed work is as follows: Catalysts will be prepared by incorporating metal cations into zeolite supports according to ion exchange procedures widely used in preparation of metal/zeolite catalysts. Zeolites will be modified to improve catalytic activity, by blocking ion exchange sites in the small pores of zeolites with promoter cations of high valence. The catalysts of primary interest include copper (Cu), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), silver (Ag), and nickel (Ni) exchanged zeolites.
Download or read book Selective Catalytic Reduction SCR of Nitric Oxide with Ammonia Using Cu ZSM 5 and Va based Honeycomb Monolith Catalysts written by Saurabh Gupta and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this work, the steady-state performance of zeolite-based (Cu-ZSM-5) and vanadium-based honeycomb monolith catalysts was investigated in the selective catalytic reduction process (SCR) for NO removal using NH3. The aim was to delineate the effect of various parameters including pretreatment of the catalyst sample with H2, NH3-to-NO ratio, inlet oxygen concentration, and space velocity. The concentrations of the species (e.g. NO, NH3, and others) were determined using a Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. The temperature was varied from ambient (25 C) to 500 C. The investigation showed that all of the above parameters (except pre-treatment with H2) significantly affected the peak NO reduction, the temperature at which peak NO reduction occurred, and residual ammonia left at higher temperatures (also known as 'NH3 slip'). Depending upon the particular values of the parameters, a peak NO reduction of around 90% was obtained for both the catalysts. However, an accompanied generation of N2O and NO2 species was observed as well, being much higher for the vanadium-based catalyst than for the Cu-ZSM-5 catalyst. For both catalysts, the peak NO reduction decreased with an increase in space velocity, and did not change significantly with an increase in oxygen concentration. The temperatures at which peak NO reduction and complete NH3 removal occurred increased with an increase in space velocity but decreased with an increase in oxygen concentration. The presence of more ammonia at the inlet (i.e. higher NH3-to-NO ratio) improved the peak NO reduction but simultaneously resulted in an increase in residual ammonia. Pretreatment of the catalyst sample with H2 (performed only for the Cu-ZSM-5 catalyst) did not produce any perceivable difference in any of the results for the conditions of these experiments.
Download or read book Direct Catalytic Decomposition of Nitric Oxide Quarterly Technical Progress Report No 2 January March 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project will investigate a suitable catalyst system for the direct NO decomposition, for post-combustion NO. control. The proposed process will not use a reductant, such as ammonia in case of Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) process for catalytic reduction of NO(subscript x) to nitrogen. This is a simplified process basically involving passing the flue gas through a catalytic converter, thus avoiding problems generally associated with the commercial Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) process, namely high operating cost, ammonia slip, and potential N20 emissions. A brief description of the proposed work is as follows: Catalysts will be prepared by incorporating metal cations into zeolite supports according to ion exchange procedures widely used in preparation of metal/zeolite catalysts. Zeolites will be modified to improve catalytic activity, by blocking ion exchange sites in the small pores of zeolites with promoter cations of high valence. The catalysts of primary interest include copper (Cu), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), silver (Ag), and nickel (Ni) exchanged zeolites.
Download or read book Direct Catalytic Decomposition of Nitric Oxide Quarterly Technical Progress Report No 9 October December 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project investigates a suitable catalyst system for the direct nitric oxide decomposition in post-combustion gas streams. This process does not use a reductant, such as the ammonia used in the Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of NO(subscript x) to nitrogen. Therefore, it is a greatly simplified process basically involving passing the flue gas through a catalytic converter. A systematic study of water vapor effects on the structure and Cu{sup 2+} ion exchange capacity of parent ZSM-5 zeolites and on the catalytic activity of the Cu-ZSM-5 and metal ion (mg{sup 2+} and Ce{sup 3+}) modified Cu-ZSM-5 catalysts for NO decomposition has been performed during this quarter. Mg{sup 2+} and Ce{sup 3+} cocations in copper ion-exchanged ZSM-5 zeolites display a positive effect on the decomposition of nitric oxide to nitrogen and oxygen. The catalytic activity of a Cu-ZSM-5 catalyst was examined after it was exposed to different inert and oxygen-containing gas streams. The results show that the steady-state catalyst activity is not sensitive to three treatments.
Download or read book Low Temperature Selective Catalytic Reduction scr of Nitric Oxide Withammonia written by Lydia Singoredjo and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Modeling of Selective Catalytic Reduction SCR of Nitric Oxide with Ammonia Using Four Modern Catalysts written by Giriraj Sharma and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this work, the steady-state performance of zeolite-based Cu-ZSM-5, vanadium based honeycomb monolith catalysts (V), vanadium-titanium based pillared inter layered clay catalyst (V-Ti PLIC) and vanadium-titanium-tungsten-based honeycomb monolith catalysts (V-Ti-W) was investigated in the selective catalytic reduction process (SCR) for NO removal using NH3 in presence of oxygen. The objective is to obtain the expression that would predict the conversion performance of the catalysts for different values of the SCR process parameters, namely temperature, inlet oxygen concentration and inlet ammonia concentration. The NO[subscript]x emission, its formation and control methods are discussed briefly and then the fundamentals of the SCR process are described. Heat transfer based and chemical kinetics based SCR process models are discussed and widely used rate order based model are reviewed. Based on the experimental data, regression analysis was performed that gives an expression for predicting the SCR rate for the complete temperature range and the rate order with respect to inlet oxygen and ammonia concentration. The average activation energy for the SCR process was calculated and optimum operating conditions were determined for each of the catalyst. The applicable operating range for the catalyst depends on the NO conversion as well as on the ammonia slip and the N2O and NO2 emission. The regression analysis was repeated for the applicable range and an expression was obtained that can be used to estimate the catalyst performance. For the Cu-ZSM-5, the best performance was observed for 400°C, 660 ppm inlet ammonia concentration and 0.1% inlet oxygen concentration. For the V based honeycomb monolith catalyst, the best performance was observed for 300°C, 264 ppm inlet ammonia concentration and 3% inlet oxygen concentration. For the V-Ti based PLIC catalyst, the best performance was observed for 350°C, 330 ppm inlet ammonia concentration and 3% inlet oxygen concentration. For the V-Ti-W based honeycomb monolith catalyst, the best performance was observed for 300°C, 330 ppm inlet ammonia concentration and 3% inlet oxygen concentration. The conversion performance of all of these catalysts is satisfactory for the industrial application. At the operating conditions listed above, the N2O emission is less than 20 ppm and the NO2 emission is less than 10 ppm. The results were validated by comparing the findings with the similar work by other research groups. The mechanism of SCR process is discussed for each of the catalyst. The probable reactions are listed and adsorption and desorption process are studied. The various mechanisms proposed by the researchers are discussed briefly. It is concluded that V-Ti-W and Cu-ZSM-5 catalyst are very promising for SCR of NO[subscript]x. The expressions can be used to estimate the conversion performance and can be utilized for optimal design and operation. The expressions relate the SCR rate to the input parameters such as temperature and inlet oxygen and ammonia concentration hence by controlling these parameters desired NO[subscript]x reduction can be achieved with minimal cost and emission.
Download or read book Direct Catalytic Decomposition of Nitric Oxide Quarterly Technical Progress Report No 10 January March 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project investigates a suitable catalyst system for the direct nitric oxide decomposition in post-combustion gas streams. This process does not use a reductant, such as the ammonia used in the Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of NO(subscript x) to nitrogen. Therefore, it is a greatly simplified process basically involving passing the flue gas through a catalytic converter. Catalysts are prepared by incorporating metal cations into zeolite supports according to ion exchange procedures widely used in preparation of metal/zeolite catalysts. Particular emphasis is given in this work on promoted Cu-exchanged zeolites, especially the catalyst systems Mg/Cu-ZSM-5 and Ce/Cu-ZSM-5, which are promising for NO conversion to nitrogen at typical flue gas O2 and NO levels and over the temperature range of 673--873°C. The effect of zeolite modification, copper exchange level and catalyst preparation conditions on the catalytic activity are studied in O2-free, O2-rich gases, as well as wet (2--20% H2O) gas streams in a packed-bed microreactor. Characterization of catalysts is performed by XRD, STEM, TEM and ESR. During this quarter it was found that severe steaming (20% H2O) of Na-ZSM-5 at temperatures above 600°C caused partial vitreous glass formation and dealumination. Unpromoted Cu-ZSM-5 catalysts suffer drastic loss of NO decomposition activity in wet gas streams at 500°C. Activity is partially recovered in dry gas. Copper migration out of the zeolite channels leading to CuO formation has been identified by STEM/EDX. In Ce/Cu-ZSM-5 catalysts the wet gas activity i's greatly improved. CuO particle formation is less extensive and the dry gas activity is largely recovered upon removal of the water vapor.
Download or read book Direct Catalytic Decomposition of Nitric Oxide Quarterly Technical Progress Report No 6 January March 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project investigates a suitable catalyst system for the direct NO decomposition in post-combustion gas. streams. The process does not use a reductant, such as the ammonia used in Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of NO(subscript x) to nitrogen. Therefore, it is a greatly simplified process basically involving passing the flue gas through a catalytic converter. Catalysts are prepared by incorporating metal cations into zeolite supports according to ion exchange procedures widely used in preparation of metal/zeolite catalysts. The catalysts of primary interest include copper, palladium, silver, and nickel exchanged ZSM-5 catalysts. Particular emphasis is given in this work on promoted Cu-exchanged zeolites, especially the catalyst system Mg/Cu-ZSM-5 and a few others, which are promising for NO conversion to nitrogen at typical flue gas 02 and NO levels and over the temperature range of 723-873K. Effects of zeolite modification, copper exchange level and catalyst preparation conditions on the catalyst activity are studied in a packed-bed microreactor. Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and reduction (TPR) experiments will be carried out in a thermogravimetric analyzer and a single-particle electrodynamic balance (EDB). Kinetic studies of NO and 02 interaction with catalysts over a wide temperature range as well as catalyst structural investigations are planned.
Download or read book Ammonia Oxidation and Nitric Oxide Reduction Over Cu II Nay Zeolites written by William Burton Williamson and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Selective Catalytic Reduction SCR of Nitric Oxide NO with Ammonia Over Vanadia based and Pillared Interlayer Clay based Catalysts written by Hyuk Jin Oh and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitric oxide (NO) with ammonia over vanadia-based (V2O5-WO3/TiO2) and pillared interlayer clay-based (V2O5/Ti-PILC) monolithic honeycomb catalysts using a laboratory laminar-flow reactor was investigated. The experiments used a number of gas compositions to simulate different combustion gases. A Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer was used to determine the concentrations of the product species. The major products were nitric oxide (NO), ammonia (NH3), nitrous oxide (N2O), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The aim was to delineate the effect of various parameters including reaction temperature, oxygen concentration, NH3-to-NO ratio, space velocity, heating area, catalyst arrangement, and vanadium coating on the removal of nitric oxide. The investigation showed that the change of the parameters significantly affected the removals of NO and NH3 species, the residual NH3 concentration (or NH3 slip), the temperature of the maximum NO reduction, and the temperature of complete NH3 conversion. The reaction temperature was increased from the ambient temperature (25°C) to 450°C. For both catalysts, high NO and NH3 removals were obtained in the presence of a small amount of oxygen, but no significant influence was observed from 0.1 to 3.0% O2. An increase in NH3-to-NO ratio increased NO reduction but decreased NH3 conversions. For V2O5-WO3/TiO2, the decrease of space velocity increased NO and NH3 removals and broadened the active temperature window (based on NO> 88% and NH3> 87%) about 50°C. An increase in heating area decreased the reaction temperature of the maximum NO reduction from 350 to 300 ʻC, and caused the active reaction temperature window (between 250 and 400 ʻC) to shift toward 50 ʻC lower reaction temperatures (between 200 and 350°C). The change of catalyst arrangements resulted slight improvement for NO and NH3 removals, therefore, the change might contribute to more gas removals. The catalyst with extra vanadium coating showed higher NO reductions and NH3 conversions than the catalyst without the extra vanadium coating.
Download or read book Heterogeneous Catalysts written by Wey Yang Teoh and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-02-23 with total page 768 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents state-of-the-art knowledge of heterogeneous catalysts including new applications in energy and environmental fields This book focuses on emerging techniques in heterogeneous catalysis, from new methodology for catalysts design and synthesis, surface studies and operando spectroscopies, ab initio techniques, to critical catalytic systems as relevant to energy and the environment. It provides the vision of addressing the foreseeable knowledge gap unfilled by classical knowledge in the field. Heterogeneous Catalysts: Advanced Design, Characterization and Applications begins with an overview on the evolution in catalysts synthesis and introduces readers to facets engineering on catalysts; electrochemical synthesis of nanostructured catalytic thin films; and bandgap engineering of semiconductor photocatalysts. Next, it examines how we are gaining a more precise understanding of catalytic events and materials under working conditions. It covers bridging pressure gap in surface catalytic studies; tomography in catalysts design; and resolving catalyst performance at nanoscale via fluorescence microscopy. Quantum approaches to predicting molecular reactions on catalytic surfaces follows that, along with chapters on Density Functional Theory in heterogeneous catalysis; first principles simulation of electrified interfaces in electrochemistry; and high-throughput computational design of novel catalytic materials. The book also discusses embracing the energy and environmental challenges of the 21st century through heterogeneous catalysis and much more. Presents recent developments in heterogeneous catalysis with emphasis on new fundamentals and emerging techniques Offers a comprehensive look at the important aspects of heterogeneous catalysis Provides an applications-oriented, bottoms-up approach to a high-interest subject that plays a vital role in industry and is widely applied in areas related to energy and environment Heterogeneous Catalysts: Advanced Design, Characterization and Applications is an important book for catalytic chemists, materials scientists, surface chemists, physical chemists, inorganic chemists, chemical engineers, and other professionals working in the chemical industry.
