Download or read book Low Noise CMOS Voltage Control Oscillator Design Methodology with Emphasis on Non Linear Effect Contributions 2 4 GHz CMOS Design Example written by Zhe Jiang and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Design of High Performance CMOS Voltage Controlled Oscillators written by Liang Dai and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Design of High-Performance CMOS Voltage-Controlled Oscillators presents a phase noise modeling framework for CMOS ring oscillators. The analysis considers both linear and nonlinear operation. It indicates that fast rail-to-rail switching has to be achieved to minimize phase noise. Additionally, in conventional design the flicker noise in the bias circuit can potentially dominate the phase noise at low offset frequencies. Therefore, for narrow bandwidth PLLs, noise up conversion for the bias circuits should be minimized. We define the effective Q factor (Qeff) for ring oscillators and predict its increase for CMOS processes with smaller feature sizes. Our phase noise analysis is validated via simulation and measurement results. The digital switching noise coupled through the power supply and substrate is usually the dominant source of clock jitter. Improving the supply and substrate noise immunity of a PLL is a challenging job in hostile environments such as a microprocessor chip where millions of digital gates are present.
Download or read book CMOS Voltage current Controlled Oscillator Designs and Applications written by Rohit Yadav and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In advanced short-channel CMOS processes, analog circuit-design poses significant challenges imposed by the low power-supply voltage, and the reduced intrinsic-gain of short channel-effects of CMOS-transistors. However, continued scaling of CMOS devices makes them faster and thus enables the design of high-speed circuits such as oscillators at lower power-levels. Voltage and current-controlled oscillators are essential building blocks for designing Delta-Sigma analog-to-digital converters (ADC) that do not require a sample and hold circuits up front. This research focuses on designing scaling-friendly, linear, low-power CMOS relaxation-oscillators for Delta-Sigma analog to digital conversion. Ring oscillators using an odd number of digital-inverters provide a simple reliable-solution, and thus are popular. So the first approach is to increase the speed (time-resolution) by simply lowering the inverter-gain using the translinear and temperature-invariant voltage-mirror circuits instead of open-loop inverters. Here two scaled-inverters are used to obtain gain exploiting the function and its functional inverse idea to obtain the required loop-gain. Here we are simply trading gain to increase speed at the expense of power. An alternative approach is to use the gyrator circuit to emulate an inductor. Two transconductors with opposite polarity current-output are needed to form a gyrator. Inverting the output-polarity is achieved using a translinear, unity-gain current-mirror achieving stability of the gyrator circuit that uses negative feedback. Using these, an LC -coupled ring-oscillator is emulated. These provide a more robust solution. Process, supply-voltage and temperature (PVT) variations are traditionally minimized by the well-established technique of negative-feedback in circuits using Bandgap reference voltage and passive elements like MIM capacitors. Thus the design of an operational current to frequency converter (OCFC) is proposed. This is inspired by the success of the notion of an operational amplifier (OPAMP) that has a very large gain. It is always configured to trade gain for obtaining linearity using negative- feedback making the feedback network set the precision of the transfer function. The OCFC uses the same idea using a switched-capacitor linear frequency-to-current detector in the feedback path to make the closed-loop tuning-curve linear, having a low temperature-coefficient. The design of a simple linear oscillator based on a traditional multivibrator-circuit is explored for two specific applications. There is a need for a medium-resolution low-speed 10-bit ADC for IOT applications. The other is for a 6-bit converter for high-speed data-communication systems. The idea is to obtain the performance requirements with no need for power-hungry digital-calibration. Manufacturability, and cost are the prime focus here. Finally, an open loop Delta-Sigma modulator designed using pseudo-differential ring oscillators is explored for low bandwidth and medium resolution analog-to-digital conversion applications. It employs a nonlinearity cancellation technique in the voltage-to-current (V/I) converter to improve resolution. Most of the circuit can be synthesized using digital toolchain except for the front-end V/I converter to reduce turn-around time. All the circuits presented in this thesis are verified at multiple process nodes ranging from 180nm to 22nm. The simulation-results presented here are mostly using the models for the 180nm TSMC process
Download or read book The Design of Low Noise Oscillators written by Ali Hajimiri and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-08 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is hardly a revelation to note that wireless and mobile communications have grown tremendously during the last few years. This growth has placed stringent requi- ments on channel spacing and, by implication, on the phase noise of oscillators. C- pounding the challenge has been a recent drive toward implementations of transceivers in CMOS, whose inferior 1/f noise performance has usually been thought to disqualify it from use in all but the lowest-performance oscillators. Low noise oscillators are also highly desired in the digital world, of course. The c- tinued drive toward higher clock frequencies translates into a demand for ev- decreasing jitter. Clearly, there is a need for a deep understanding of the fundamental mechanisms g- erning the process by which device, substrate, and supply noise turn into jitter and phase noise. Existing models generally offer only qualitative insights, however, and it has not always been clear why they are not quantitatively correct.
Download or read book A Design Methodology for Low Phase Noise in LC Tuned CMOS Voltage controlled Oscillators written by Ye-Ming Li and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Design Methodology for RF CMOS Phase Locked Loops written by Carlos Quemada and published by Artech House. This book was released on 2009 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After a review of PLL essentials, this uniquely comprehensive workbench guide takes you step-by-step through operation principles, design procedures, phase noise analysis, layout considerations, and CMOS realizations for each PLL building block. You get full details on LC tank oscillators including modeling and optimization techniques, followed by design options for CMOS frequency dividers covering flip-flop implementation, the divider by 2 component, and other key factors. The book includes design alternatives for phase detectors that feature methods to minimize jitter caused by the dead zone effect. You also find a sample design of a fully integrated PLL for WLAN applications that demonstrates every step and detail right down to the circuit schematics and layout diagrams. Supported by over 150 diagrams and photos, this one-stop toolkit helps you produce superior PLL designs faster, and deliver more effective solutions for low-cost integrated circuits in all RF applications.
Download or read book RF CMOS Oscillators for Modern Wireless Applications written by Masoud Babaie and published by River Publishers Circuits and. This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main goal of this book is to bring forth the exciting and innovative RF oscillator structures that demonstrate better phase noise performance, lower cost, and higher power efficiency than currently achievable.
Download or read book The Designer s Guide to High Purity Oscillators written by Emad Eldin Hegazi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-07-18 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: try to predict it using mathematical expressions. His heuristic model without mathematical proof is almost universally accepted. However, it entails a c- cuit specific noise factor that is not known a priori and so is not predictive. In this work, we attempt to address the topic of oscillator design from a diff- ent perspective. By introducing a new paradigm that accurately captures the subtleties of phase noise we try to answer the question: 'why do oscillators behave in a particular way?' and 'what can be done to build an optimum design?' It is also hoped that the paradigm is useful in other areas of circuit design such as frequency synthesis and clock recovery. In Chapter 1, a general introduction and motivation to the subject is presented. Chapter 2 summarizes the fundamentals of phase noise and timing jitter and discusses earlier works on oscillator's phase noise analysis. Chapter 3 and Chapter 4 analyze the physical mechanisms behind phase noise generation in current-biased and Colpitts oscillators. Chapter 5 discusses design trade-offs and new techniques in LC oscillator design that allows optimal design. Chapter 6 and Chapter 7 discuss a topic that is typically ignored in oscillator design. That is flicker noise in LC oscillators. Finally, Chapter 8 is dedicated to the complete analysis of the role of varactors both in tuning and AM-FM noise conversion.
Download or read book A New Architecture for Low voltage Low phase noise High frequency CMOS LC Voltage controlled Oscillator written by Anthony Dac Lieu and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presented in this work is a novel design technique for a low-phase-noise high-frequency CMOS voltage-controlled oscillator. Phase noise is generated from electrical noise near DC, the oscillation frequency, and its harmonics. In CMOS technology, low-frequency flicker noise dominates the close-in phase noise of the VCO. The proposed technique minimizes the VCO phase noise by seeking to eliminate the effect of flicker noise on the phase n6se. This is accomplished by canceling out the DC component of the impulse sensitivity function (ISF) corresponding to each flicker-noise source, thus preventing the up-conversion of low-frequency noise into phase noise. The proposed circuit topology is a modified version of the complementary cross-coupled transconductance VCO, where additional feedback paths are introduced such that a designer can choose the feedback ratios, transistor sizes, and bias voltages to achieve the previously mentioned design objectives. A step-by-step design algorithm is presented along with a MATLAB script to aid in the computation of the ISFs and the phase noise of the VCO. Using this algorithm, a 5-GHz VCO was designed and fabricated in a 0.18m︡ CMOS process, and then tested for comparison with simulated results.
Download or read book Wireless CMOS Frequency Synthesizer Design written by J. Craninckx and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1998-04-30 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The recent boom in the mobile telecommunication market has trapped the interest of almost all electronic and communication companies worldwide. New applications arise every day, more and more countries are covered by digital cellular systems and the competition between the several providers has caused prices to drop rapidly. The creation of this essentially new market would not have been possible without the ap pearance of smalI, low-power, high-performant and certainly low-cost mobile termi nals. The evolution in microelectronics has played a dominant role in this by creating digital signal processing (DSP) chips with more and more computing power and com bining the discrete components of the RF front-end on a few ICs. This work is situated in this last area, i. e. the study of the full integration of the RF transceiver on a single die. Furthermore, in order to be compatible with the digital processing technology, a standard CMOS process without tuning, trimming or post-processing steps must be used. This should flatten the road towards the ultimate goal: the single chip mobile phone. The local oscillator (LO) frequency synthesizer poses some major problems for integration and is the subject of this work. The first, and also the largest, part of this text discusses the design of the Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO). The general phase noise theory of LC-oscillators is pre sented, and the concept of effective resistance and capacitance is introduced to char acterize and compare the performance of different LC-tanks.
Download or read book Low Power VCO Design in CMOS written by Marc Tiebout and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-25 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work covers the design of CMOS fully integrated low power low phase noise voltage controlled oscillators for telecommunication or datacommuni- tion systems. The need for low power is obvious, as mobile wireless telecommunications are battery operated. As wireless telecommunication systems use oscillators in frequency synthesizers for frequency translation, the selectivity and signal to noise ratio of receivers and transmitters depend heavily on the low phase noise performance of the implemented oscillators. Datacommunication s- tems need low jitter, the time-domain equivalent of low phase noise, clocks for data detection and recovery. The power consumption is less critical. The need for multi-band and multi-mode systems pushes the high-integration of telecommunication systems. This is o?ered by sub-micron CMOS feat- ing digital ?exibility. The recent crisis in telecommunication clearly shows that mobile hand-sets became mass-market high-volume consumer products, where low-cost is of prime importance. This need for low-cost products - livens tremendously research towards CMOS alternatives for the bipolar or BiCMOS solutions in use today.
Download or read book Discrete Oscillator Design written by Randall W. Rhea and published by Artech House. This book was released on 2014-05-14 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oscillators are an essential part of all spread spectrum, RF, and wireless systems, and todayOCOs engineers in the field need to have a firm grasp on how they are designed. Presenting an easy-to-understand, unified view of the subject, this authoritative resource covers the practical design of high-frequency oscillators with lumped, distributed, dielectric and piezoelectric resonators. Including numerous examples, the book details important linear, nonlinear harmonic balance, transient and noise analysis techniques. Moreover, the book shows you how to apply these techniques to a wide range of oscillators. You gain the knowledge needed to create unique designs that elegantly match your specification needs. Over 360 illustrations and more than 330 equations support key topics throughout the book.
Download or read book CMOS written by R. Jacob Baker and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008 with total page 1074 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edition provides an important contemporary view of a wide range of analog/digital circuit blocks, the BSIM model, data converter architectures, and more. The authors develop design techniques for both long- and short-channel CMOS technologies and then compare the two.
Download or read book Low Voltage CMOS Log Companding Analog Design written by Francisco Serra-Graells and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-18 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low-Voltage CMOS Log Companding Analog Design presents in detail state-of-the-art analog circuit techniques for the very low-voltage and low-power design of systems-on-chip in CMOS technologies. The proposed strategy is mainly based on two bases: the Instantaneous Log Companding Theory, and the MOSFET operating in the subthreshold region. The former allows inner compression of the voltage dynamic-range for very low-voltage operation, while the latter is compatible with CMOS technologies and suitable for low-power circuits. The required background on the specific modeling of the MOS transistor for Companding is supplied at the beginning. Following this general approach, a complete set of CMOS basic building blocks is proposed and analyzed for a wide variety of analog signal processing. In particular, the covered areas include: amplification and AGC, arbitrary filtering, PTAT generation, and pulse duration modulation (PDM). For each topic, several case studies are considered to illustrate the design methodology. Also, integrated examples in 1.2um and 0.35um CMOS technologies are reported to verify the good agreement between design equations and experimental data. The resulting analog circuit topologies exhibit very low-voltage (i.e. 1V) and low-power (few tenths of uA) capabilities. Apart from these specific design examples, a real industrial application in the field of hearing aids is also presented as the main demonstrator of all the proposed basic building blocks. This system-on-chip exhibits true 1V operation, high flexibility through digital programmability and very low-power consumption (about 300uA including the Class-D amplifier). As a result, the reported ASIC can meet the specifications of a complete family of common hearing aid models. In conclusion, this book is addressed to both industry ASIC designers who can apply its contents to the synthesis of very low-power systems-on-chip in standard CMOS technologies, as well as to the teachers of modern circuit design in electronic engineering.
Download or read book Low Voltage CMOS RF Frequency Synthesizers written by Howard Cam Luong and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-08-26 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A frequency synthesizer is one of the most critical building blocks in any wireless transceiver system. Its design is getting more and more challenging as the demand for low-voltage low-power high-frequency wireless systems continuously grows. As the supply voltage is decreased, many existing design techniques are no longer applicable. This book provides the reader with architectures and design techniques to enable CMOS frequency synthesizers to operate at low supply voltage at high frequency with good phase noise and low power consumption. In addition to updating the reader on many of these techniques in depth, this book will also introduce useful guidelines and step-by-step procedure on behaviour simulations of frequency synthesizers. Finally, three successfully demonstrated CMOS synthesizer prototypes with detailed design consideration and description will be elaborated to illustrate potential applications of the architectures and design techniques described. For engineers, managers and researchers working in radio-frequency integrated-circuit design for wireless applications.
Download or read book Design of a 2 4 GHz CMOS Voltage Controlled Oscillator written by Ignacio Cortés Mayol and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Low Noise Low Power Design for Phase Locked Loops written by Feng Zhao and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-25 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces low-noise and low-power design techniques for phase-locked loops and their building blocks. It summarizes the noise reduction techniques for fractional-N PLL design and introduces a novel capacitive-quadrature coupling technique for multi-phase signal generation. The capacitive-coupling technique has been validated through silicon implementation and can provide low phase-noise and accurate I-Q phase matching, with low power consumption from a super low supply voltage. Readers will be enabled to pick one of the most suitable QVCO circuit structures for their own designs, without additional effort to look for the optimal circuit structure and device parameters.
