Download or read book Low Alloy Steel Susceptibility to Stress Corrosion Cracking in Hydraulic Fracturing Environment written by Ezechukwu J. Anyanwu and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pipelines used for hydraulic fracturing (aka. "fracking") are often operating at a pressure above 10000psi and thus are highly susceptible to Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC). This is primarily due to the process of carrying out fracturing at a shale gas site, where the hydraulic fracturing fluid is pumped through these pipes at very high pressure in order to initiate fracture in the shale formation. While the fracturing fluid is typically more than 99% water, other components are used to perform various functions during the fracturing process. Research into the occurrence of SCC reveals that SCC is engendered by a number of factors, of which two main contributors are stress in the pipe steel and a particular type of corrosive environment in contact with the pipeline in the service setting. The variety of fracturing fluid formulas which could be used and the insufficient reported information about the fracturing fluid chemistry makes it very important to carry out analysis to ensure the integrity of the pipelines used for this process. The current research described here is focused on the evaluation of the susceptibility of low alloy steel (AISI 4340) to stress corrosion cracking in different environments as it relates to hydraulic fracturing fluid chemistry and operating conditions. These different environments are achieved by varying the solution pH, the pH adjusting agent and the applied stress. Electrochemistry and stress measurements showed that at near neutral pH solution, AISI 4340 showed a higher SCC susceptibility in solutions where Na2CO3 was used as the pH adjusting than in solutions where NaOH was used as the pH adjusting agent. Scanning electron microscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy was used to analyze the oxide film in solution with the two pH adjusting agents at a pH of 7. Depth profiles of the passive film formed in a solution with pH adjusted to 7 using NaOH pH adjusting agent suggests the presence of a complex, FeOCl, which dissolves actively and thus reduces the SCC susceptibility of AISI 4340 in this environment. It is inferred from the SEM image of AISI 4340 material after testing and stress measurements showed that low alloy steel is more susceptible to SCC in solutions with Na2CO3 as the pH adjusting agent than solutions with NaOH pH adjusting agent especially at near neutral pH. Whereas, at high pH environment AISI 4340 showed a higher SCC susceptibility in solution with NaOH as the pH adjusting agent.
Download or read book Guidelines on Materials Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels written by William Moss and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-02-11 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document defines the types of cracking and the conditions under which each can occur in carbon and low alloy steels in wet H2S-containing environments, specifies materials requirements necessary to prevent such cracking, and presents test methods for evaluating materials performance.
Download or read book Stress corrosion Cracking and Hydrogen stress Cracking of High strength Steel written by Ellis E. Fletcher and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-strength steels are susceptible to delayed cracking under suitable conditions. Frequently such a brittle failure occurs at a stress that is only a fraction of the nominal yield strength. Considerable controversy exists over whether such failures result from two separate and distinct phenomena or whether there is but one mechanism called by two different names. Stress-corrosion cracking is the process in which a crack propagates, at least partially, by the stress induced corrosion of a susceptible metal at the advancing tip of the stress-corrosion crack. There is considerable evidence that this cracking results from the electrtrochemical corrosion of a metal subjected to tensile stresses, either residual or externally applied. Hydrogen-stress cracking is cracking which occurs as the result of hydrogen in the metal lattice in combination with tensile stresses. Hydrogen-stress cracking cannot occur if hydrogen is prevented from entering the steel, or if hydrogen that has entered during processing or service is removed before permanent damage has occurred. It is generally agreed that corrosion plays no part in the actual fracture mechanism. This report was prepared to point out wherein the two fracture mechanisms under consideration are similar and wherein they differ. From the evidence available today, the present authors have concluded that there are two distinct mechansims of delayed failure. (Author).
Download or read book Etudes effectu es l A U R de 1962 1977 de 1978 1983 written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stress corrosion Cracking in High Strength Steels and in Titanium and Aluminum Alloys written by Benjamin Floyd Brown and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Stress Corrosion of Metals written by Hugh Lynn Logan and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Atlas of Stress corrosion and Corrosion Fatigue Curves written by A. J. McEvily and published by ASM International(OH). This book was released on 1990 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A reference for materials scientists that can be used to find the effects of various corrosive media and processing variables on the stress-corrosion cracking and corrosion fatigue characteristics of ferrous and nonferrous alloys. There are more than 500 stress/cracking-time curves, S/N curves, and
Download or read book Environmental and Metallurgical Factors of Stress corrosion Cracking in High strength Steels written by C. J. Slunder and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stress Corrosion Cracking of Pipelines written by Y. Frank Cheng and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-02-19 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explains why pipeline stress corrosion cracking happens and how it can be prevented Pipelines sit at the heart of the global economy. When they are in good working order, they deliver fuel to meet the ever-growing demand for energy around the world. When they fail due to stress corrosion cracking, they can wreak environmental havoc. This book skillfully explains the fundamental science and engineering of pipeline stress corrosion cracking based on the latest research findings and actual case histories. The author explains how and why pipelines fall prey to stress corrosion cracking and then offers tested and proven strategies for preventing, detecting, and monitoring it in order to prevent pipeline failure. Stress Corrosion Cracking of Pipelines begins with a brief introduction and then explores general principals of stress corrosion cracking, including two detailed case studies of pipeline failure. Next, the author covers: Near-neutral pH stress corrosion cracking of pipelines High pH stress corrosion cracking of pipelines Stress corrosion cracking of pipelines in acidic soil environments Stress corrosion cracking at pipeline welds Stress corrosion cracking of high-strength pipeline steels The final chapter is dedicated to effective management and mitigation of pipeline stress corrosion cracking. Throughout the book, the author develops a number of theoretical models and concepts based on advanced microscopic electrochemical measurements to help readers better understand the occurrence of stress corrosion cracking. By examining all aspects of pipeline stress corrosion cracking—the causes, mechanisms, and management strategies—this book enables engineers to construct better pipelines and then maintain and monitor them to ensure safe, reliable energy supplies for the world.
Download or read book Stress Corrosion Cracking written by V S Raja and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-09-22 with total page 817 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The problem of stress corrosion cracking (SCC), which causes sudden failure of metals and other materials subjected to stress in corrosive environment(s), has a significant impact on a number of sectors including the oil and gas industries and nuclear power production. Stress corrosion cracking reviews the fundamentals of the phenomenon as well as examining stress corrosion behaviour in specific materials and particular industries.The book is divided into four parts. Part one covers the mechanisms of SCC and hydrogen embrittlement, while the focus of part two is on methods of testing for SCC in metals. Chapters in part three each review the phenomenon with reference to a specific material, with a variety of metals, alloys and composites discussed, including steels, titanium alloys and polymer composites. In part four, the effect of SCC in various industries is examined, with chapters covering subjects such as aerospace engineering, nuclear reactors, utilities and pipelines.With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Stress corrosion cracking is an essential reference for engineers and designers working with metals, alloys and polymers, and will be an invaluable tool for any industries in which metallic components are exposed to tension, corrosive environments at ambient and high temperatures. - Examines the mechanisms of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) presenting recognising testing methods and materials resistant to SCC - Assesses the effect of SCC on particular metals featuring steel, stainless steel, nickel-based alloys, magnesium alloys, copper-based alloys and welds in steels - Reviews the monitoring and management of SCC and the affect of SCC in different industries such as petrochemical and aerospace
Download or read book Environment Sensitive Fracture of Metals and Alloys written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Synthetic Solutions and Environment Sensitive Fracture written by RN. Parkins and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The stress corrosion cracking of alloys is markedly sensitive to the environment to which they are exposed, so that an alloy developed to have low susceptibility to such failure in a particular environment will not necessarily show such behavior in a different environment, as illustrated by a number of examples. It is also possible for results from tests using standard environments to lead to the exclusion of the use of materials that may behave satisfactorily in service. While it is obvious that tests should be conducted, whenever possible, in environments relevant to particular service conditions, these are not necessarily known when alloy development programs are being undertaken in the laboratory, hence the need for standardized or synthetic solutions. Evidence for the cracking domains for ferritic steels and ?-brasses suggests that stress corrosion cracking in a range of environments occurs at potentials and pH's where the lower oxide of the relevant metal can form. This suggests that laboratory tests should involve more than a single standardized environment, and that variation from test to test of potential and pH, guided by the potential pH diagram, may provide a more reliable guide to stress corrosion cracking propensities than that obtained from tests in a single solution.
Download or read book The Environmental Cracking Susceptibilities of Three High strength Alloy Steels written by G. J. Biefer and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Notched, fatigue pre-cracked specimens of three high-strength alloy steels (T-1, CHT-100 and 1% Cu-3.5% Ni), with yield strengths of about 690 MPa (100 ksi), were tested for susceptibility to environmental cracking (EC). The specimens were loaded to fracture as cantilevers, using a rising-load technique. Susceptibility was assessed by comparing the nominal stress intensity at fracture under dry conditions, KIi (dry), with the value obtained for specimens fractured in contact with 3.5% NaC1 solution. The latter specimens were tested under free-corrosion (f.c.) conditions and also while cathodically protected (c.p.) by coupling to zinc"--Abstract, p. i.
Download or read book The Theory of Stress Corrosion Cracking in Alloys written by J. C. Scully and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Environment sensitive Fracture of Engineering Materials written by Z. A. Foroulis and published by Society for Mining Metallurgy & Exploration. This book was released on 1979 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stress Corrosion Cracking of Plain Carbon and Low Alloy Steels in Sulphuric Acid written by William Fred Hofmeister and published by . This book was released on 1952 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stress Corrosion Cracking of Low Alloy Steel in Water written by Ruth M. Magdowski and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
