Download or read book Looting or Missioning written by Egil Mikkelsen and published by Oxbow Books. This book was released on 2019-09-15 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Until now insular and continental material, mostly metal-work, found in pagan Viking Age graves in Norway, has been interpreted as looted material from churches and monasteries on the British Isles and the Continent. The raiding Vikings brought these objects back to their homeland where they were often broken up and used as jewellery or got alternative functions. Looting or Missioning looks at the use and functions of these sacred objects in their original Christian contexts. Based on such an analysis the author proposes an alternative interpretation of these objects: they were brought by Christian missionaries from different parts of the British Isles and the Continent to Norway. The objects were either personal (crosses, croziers, portable reliquaries etc.), objects used for baptism (hanging bowls), equipment to officiate a mass (mountings from books or reading equipment, altars or crosses) or to give the communion (pitchers, glass vessels, chalices, paten). We know from contemporary sources (Ansgar in Birka, Sweden in the ninth century) that missionaries brought this sort of equipment on their mission journeys. We also hear that missionaries were robbed, killed or chased off. Mikkelson interprets the sacred objects found in Viking Age pagan graves as objects that originate from the many unsuccessful mission attempts in Norway throughout the Viking Age. They changed function and were integrated in the pagan tradition. The conversion and Christianisation of Norway can thus be seen as a long-lasting process, at least from about 800 (but probably earlier) to the beginning of the eleventh century. As we must assume that the written sources on the subject are incomplete, the archaeological evidences are the main source. In addition to metal work and written sources, the dating and interpretation of stone crosses, rune stones, manuscript fragments and early Christian graves and churches are discussed. The main part of the manuscript regards the context of all these sources, studied in each part of Norway separately: Where do we find concentrations of objects that could support the interpretation of these being the result of mission attempts, and where can we combine archaeological and written sources to tentatively create more complete stories related to mission? One analysis is of special interest to British and Norwegian scholars and even a broader audience. It refers to the chieftain Ohthere from Northern Norway, who visited King Alfred the Great in Winchester in 890. The author finds a link between Alfred´s court and Ohthere´s farm which, it is argued, for was Borg at Vestvågøy, Lofoten, where the biggest Viking Age house in Northern Europe has been excavated. In the hall of this house were found a rare glass beaker with gold cross decorations, a Continental or British made pitcher, pieces of a bronze bowl and an æstel of gold. This last piece is only found in Northern Norway and in England, with Wessex and Mercia as the core areas. “The Alfred Jewel” (Ashmolean Museum) is also an æstel of the same main type, but much more splendid and with an inscription relating it to King Alfred. Mikkelson argues for a bishop being sent from Wessex and Alfred´s court on Ohthere´s ship back to Northern Norway as a missionary.
Download or read book Looting or Missioning written by Egil Mikkelsen and published by Oxbow Books. This book was released on 2019-09-15 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Until now insular and continental material, mostly metal-work, found in pagan Viking Age graves in Norway, has been interpreted as looted material from churches and monasteries on the British Isles and the Continent. The raiding Vikings brought these objects back to their homeland where they were often broken up and used as jewellery or got alternative functions. Looting or Missioning looks at the use and functions of these sacred objects in their original Christian contexts. Based on such an analysis the author proposes an alternative interpretation of these objects: they were brought by Christian missionaries from different parts of the British Isles and the Continent to Norway. The objects were either personal (crosses, croziers, portable reliquaries etc.), objects used for baptism (hanging bowls), equipment to officiate a mass (mountings from books or reading equipment, altars or crosses) or to give the communion (pitchers, glass vessels, chalices, paten). We know from contemporary sources (Ansgar in Birka, Sweden in the ninth century) that missionaries brought this sort of equipment on their mission journeys. We also hear that missionaries were robbed, killed or chased off. Mikkelson interprets the sacred objects found in Viking Age pagan graves as objects that originate from the many unsuccessful mission attempts in Norway throughout the Viking Age. They changed function and were integrated in the pagan tradition. The conversion and Christianisation of Norway can thus be seen as a long-lasting process, at least from about 800 (but probably earlier) to the beginning of the eleventh century. As we must assume that the written sources on the subject are incomplete, the archaeological evidences are the main source. In addition to metal work and written sources, the dating and interpretation of stone crosses, rune stones, manuscript fragments and early Christian graves and churches are discussed. The main part of the manuscript regards the context of all these sources, studied in each part of Norway separately: Where do we find concentrations of objects that could support the interpretation of these being the result of mission attempts, and where can we combine archaeological and written sources to tentatively create more complete stories related to mission? One analysis is of special interest to British and Norwegian scholars and even a broader audience. It refers to the chieftain Ohthere from Northern Norway, who visited King Alfred the Great in Winchester in 890. The author finds a link between Alfred´s court and Ohthere´s farm which, it is argued, for was Borg at Vestvågøy, Lofoten, where the biggest Viking Age house in Northern Europe has been excavated. In the hall of this house were found a rare glass beaker with gold cross decorations, a Continental or British made pitcher, pieces of a bronze bowl and an æstel of gold. This last piece is only found in Northern Norway and in England, with Wessex and Mercia as the core areas. “The Alfred Jewel” (Ashmolean Museum) is also an æstel of the same main type, but much more splendid and with an inscription relating it to King Alfred. Mikkelson argues for a bishop being sent from Wessex and Alfred´s court on Ohthere´s ship back to Northern Norway as a missionary.
Download or read book Missions written by Howard Benjamin Grose and published by . This book was released on 1918 with total page 1020 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Foreign Relations of the United States written by United States. Department of State and published by . This book was released on 1955 with total page 650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Decolonizing Mission Partnerships written by Taylor Walters Denyer and published by Wipf and Stock Publishers. This book was released on 2020-06-26 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We all know that healthy partnerships are essential to fruitful boundary-crossing ministries, but how exactly do we create them? What barriers must be overcome, and what self-examination must we do? How do the legacies of colonialism, racism, and unhealed trauma impact missional collaborations today? In this doctoral thesis, Denyer reflects on these questions as she examines the history of relational dynamics between American and Congolese United Methodists in the North Katanga Conference (DR Congo). By surveying memoirs, magazines, and journals, and conducting in-depth interviews, Denyer presents a complex and multifaceted example of a partnership that is in the process of decolonizing. More than just a history lesson, Decolonizing Mission Partnerships presents the questions, hard truths, pitfalls, and toxic assumptions we must face when attempting to be in mission together.
Download or read book World War II Assets of Holocaust Victims written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Banking and Financial Services and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Washington Conference on Holocaust era Assets November 30 December 3 1998 written by J. D. Bindenagel and published by U.S. Government Printing Office. This book was released on 1999 with total page 1176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Women and Missions written by and published by . This book was released on 1926 with total page 1024 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States written by United States. Department of State and published by . This book was released on 1943 with total page 1048 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book SEDM Articles of Mission Form 01 004 written by Sovereignty Education and Defense Ministry (SEDM) and published by Sovereignty Education and Defense Ministry (SEDM). This book was released on 2020-02-06 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our Mission Statement
Download or read book Mission Liberia written by Brian Knightley and published by Troubador Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2010 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An inspiring story of keeping the Christian faith, Mission Liberia offers support to evangelists around the world and is both encouraging and thoroughly entertaining. Dating back from the couple’s arrival in 1991, it tells the joys and heartaches, successes and failures of a pioneer and his wife who arrived in Monrovia, Liberia, with just two suitcases and a cornet with which to commence their daunting work.Brian J. Knightley has written a nail-biting story that sheds light on a dark topic and inspires Christian readers to faithfully accept the challenge of God’s work, though the way ahead may be difficult.
Download or read book Mission Failure written by Michael Mandelbaum and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-03-03 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The end of the Cold War led to a dramatic and fundamental change in the foreign policy of the United States. In Mission Failure, Michael Mandelbaum, one of America's leading foreign-policy thinkers, provides an original, provocative, and definitive account of the ambitious but deeply flawed post-Cold War efforts to promote American values and American institutions throughout the world. In the decades before the Cold War ended the United States, like virtually every other country throughout history, used its military power to defend against threats to important American international interests or to the American homeland itself. When the Cold War concluded, however, it embarked on military interventions in places where American interests were not at stake. Somalia, Haiti, Bosnia and Kosovo had no strategic or economic importance for the United States, which intervened in all of them for purely humanitarian reasons. Each such intervention led to efforts to transform the local political and economic systems. The invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq, launched in response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, turned into similar missions of transformation. None of them achieved its aims. Mission Failure describes and explains how such missions came to be central to America's post-Cold War foreign policy, even in relations with China and Russia in the early 1990s and in American diplomacy in the Middle East, and how they all failed. Mandelbaum shows how American efforts to bring peace, national unity, democracy, and free-market economies to poor, disorderly countries ran afoul of ethnic and sectarian loyalties and hatreds and foundered as well on the absence of the historical experiences and political habits, skills, and values that Western institutions require. The history of American foreign policy in the years after the fall of the Berlin Wall is, he writes, "the story of good, sometimes noble, and thoroughly American intentions coming up against the deeply embedded, often harsh, and profoundly un-American realities of places far from the United States. In this encounter the realities prevailed."
Download or read book Catholic Missions written by and published by . This book was released on 1917 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mission Improbable written by Helen Fogarassy and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 1999 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fatherhood movement has established itself as the most innovative and effective response to the most daunting crisis facing American Families. Written by the movement's founders, this indispensable book illustrates the movement's methods for reconnecting men with their children and restoring the fragile bonds that hold our society together. This book is the manifesto of the fatherhood movement, and it provides valuable insights into the historical, social, economic, and spiritual dimensions of the "disappearance" of fathers from society. Reflecting the complex nature of this problem, the contributors include activists, politicians, public intellectuals, and academics from a broad range of disciplines. They not only identify the root causes of the widespread withdrawal of fathers from family life, but also offer specific remedies on the individual, local, and national levels. This is a timely and important contribution to a topic of growing concern to all Americans.
Download or read book The Spirit of Missions written by and published by . This book was released on 1891 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes the proceedings of the annual meeting of the Society.
Download or read book The Christian Intelligencer and Mission Field written by and published by . This book was released on 1922 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Mission under Duress written by Suping Lu and published by University Press of America. This book was released on 2012-07-10 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Immediately after capturing the Chinese capital, Nanjing, on December 13, 1937, Japanese soldiers committed atrocities such as mass executions, rampant rapes, arson, and looting in and around the city. The carnage went on for weeks. On January 6, 1938, after the worst of the massacre atrocities was over, three American diplomats arrived in Nanjing. Upon their arrival, Third Secretary John Moore Allison, Vice Consul James Espy, and Code Clerk Archibald Alexander McFardyen, Jr. cabled dispatches about the atrocities and other conditions in the city to the Department of State and other U.S. diplomatic posts in China. Often, they dispatched several reports within a day. These atrocity reports, which were largely based on interviews with American missionaries and their own investigations, gave detailed descriptions of Japanese atrocities, property damage, social conditions, relief efforts, diplomatic wrestling, and many other aspects of life in the city during and after the massacre period. The value of these diplomatic dispatches and reports, which were retrieved from the national archives, rests on that they extensively document the American diplomats' role, their observations and attitude toward the situation there, their efforts to help the Chinese and protect the Americans, and their struggles with the Japanese.
