Download or read book Long Term Upper Ocean Study Lotus written by Richard P. Trask and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plans for the Long Term Upper Ocean Study evolved over several years. As the plans became more definite a two year period was devoted to engineering tests at the LOTUS site (34°N, 70°W). Many aspects of the proposed plans were implemented during this period in order to evaluate the performance of the equipment and instrumentation. This report presents a summary of the planning and testing periods up to but not including the first science deployments in May 1982. Historical data collected at the LOTUS site prior to the engineering tests and the data collected as part of the engineering tests are presented.
Download or read book The Long Term Upper Ocean Study Lotus written by Richard P. Trask and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 1178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: OCEANUS cruise number 129 (28 October - 4 November, 1982) was the eighth in a series of cruises to the Long Term Upper Ocean Study (LOTUS) area centered at 34 deg. N, 70 deg. W. In the LOTUS area seven SOFAR floats were launched, two moorings were recovered (a LOTUS surface mooring and a C.S. Draper Labs profiling current meter mooring), and a surface mooring which replaced the one recovered was set. Seven CTD stations were also completed in the LOTUS area. Outside the LOTUS area a subsurface mooring was set in the Gulf Stream in cooperation with H. Bryden's (WHOI) Gulf Stream Observations project, and a WHOI engineering mooring at Site D was recovered, examined and redeployed. In addition, several XBT sections were made, one along 70 deg. W between 40 deg. N and 34 deg. N, a second surveyed a cold core ring discovered during the trip to the LOTUS area and a third was made in the vicinity of the Gulf Stream Observations mooring. Part I of this report is a summary of the major cruise activities and part II presents the hydrographic data (CTD and XBT) collected during the cruise. (Author).
Download or read book Physical Processes in Lakes and Oceans written by Jorg Imberger and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 1998 with total page 678 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Fluid Dynamics written by Richard W. Johnson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-06 with total page 1544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Fluid Dynamics offers balanced coverage of the three traditional areas of fluid dynamics—theoretical, computational, and experimental—complete with valuable appendices presenting the mathematics of fluid dynamics, tables of dimensionless numbers, and tables of the properties of gases and vapors. Each chapter introduces a different fluid dynamics topic, discusses the pertinent issues, outlines proven techniques for addressing those issues, and supplies useful references for further research. Covering all major aspects of classical and modern fluid dynamics, this fully updated Second Edition: Reflects the latest fluid dynamics research and engineering applications Includes new sections on emerging fields, most notably micro- and nanofluidics Surveys the range of numerical and computational methods used in fluid dynamics analysis and design Expands the scope of a number of contemporary topics by incorporating new experimental methods, more numerical approaches, and additional areas for the application of fluid dynamics Handbook of Fluid Dynamics, Second Edition provides an indispensable resource for professionals entering the field of fluid dynamics. The book also enables experts specialized in areas outside fluid dynamics to become familiar with the field.
Download or read book Upper Ocean Dynamics During the LOTUS and TROPIC HEAT Experiments written by Rebecca R. Schudlich and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 816 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis examines the effect of mean large-scale currents on the vertical structure of the upper ocean during two recent observational programs: the Long Term Upper Ocean Study (LOTUS) and the TROPIC HEAT experiments. The LOTUS experiment took place in the northwest Atlantic Ocean, a mid-latitude region away from strong mean currents, and extended over one entire seasonal cycle. The TROPIC HEAT experiments took place in the central equatorial Pacific Ocean during two 12-day periods in 1984 and 1987, at opposite extremes of the seasonal cycle. We use observations from these field experiments as well as one-dimensional numerical models of the upper ocean to analyze the dynamics of the vertical structure of the upper ocean at the equator and in mid-latitudes. Due to the different nature of the observations, we focus on the long term mean structure of the upper ocean in the LOTUS observations (Chapters 2 and 3), and on the diurnal cycle in the equatorial upper ocean in our analysis of the TROPIC HEAT observations (Chapters 4 and 5). In the LOTUS observations, we find that the observed current is coherent with the wind over low frequencies (greater than an inertial period). Using a wind-relative averaging method we find good agreement with Ekman transport throughout the first summer and winter of the LOTUS experiment, with the exception of a downwind component in the wintertime. The mean current spiral is flat compared to the classic Ekman spiral, in that it rotates less with depth than does the Ekman spiral. The mean current has an e-folding depth scale of 12m in the summer and 25 min the winter. Diurnal cycling is the dominant variability in the summer and determines the vertical structure of the spiral. In the winter, diurnal cycling is almost non-existent due to greatly reduced solar insolation. There is a persistent downwind shear in the upper 15 m during the winter which may be partially due to a bias induced by surface wave motion but which is also consistent with a logarithmic boundary layer. The Price et al. (1986) model is reasonably successful in simulating the current structure during the summer, capturing both the mean and the diurnal variation. The model is less successful in the winter, though it does capture the overall depth scale of the current spiral. In our analysis of the TROPIC HEAT observations, we extend the Price et al. (1986) model to the equatorial upper ocean. The model is initialized with the stratification and shear of the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC), and is driven with heating and wind stress. A surface mixed layer is determined by bulk stability requirements, and a transition layer below the mixed layer is simulated by requiring that the gradient Richardson number be no less than 1/4. A principal result is that the nighttime phase of the diurnal cycle is strongly affected by the EUC, resulting in deep mixing and large dissipation at night consistent with observations of the equatorial upper ocean during TROPIC HEAT. Other features of the equatorial circulation (upwelling and the zonal pressure gradient) are of little direct importance to the diurnal cycle. The daytime (heating) phase of the simulated diurnal cycle is unaffected by equatorial circulation and is very similar to its mid-latitude counterpart. Solar heating produces a stably stratified surface layer roughly 10 m thick within which there is little, 0(3 x 10-8 W kg-1), turbulent dissipation. The diurnal stratification, though small compared to the EUC, is sufficient to insulate the EUC from wind stress during the day. For the typical range of conditions at the equator, diurnal warming of the sea surface is 0.2-0.5°C, and the diurnal variation of surface current (diurnal jet) is 0.1-0.2 m s-1, consistent with observations. The nighttime (cooling) phase of the simulated diurnal cycle is quite different from that seen at mid-latitudes. As cooling removes the warm, stable surface layer, the wind stress can work directly against the shear of the EUC. This produces a transition layer that can reach to 80 m depth, or nearly to the core of the EUC. Within this layer the turbulent dissipation is quite large, 0(2 x 10-7 W kg-1). Thus, the simulated dissipation has a diurnal range of more than a factor of five, as observed in the 1984 TROPIC HEAT experiment, though the diurnal cycle of stratification and current are fairly modest. Dissipation estimated from the model is due to wind working directly against EUC, and is similar to observed values of dissipation in both magnitude and depth range. Overall dissipation values in the model are set by the strength of the wind stress rather than the structure of the EUC, and rise approximately like u*3 for a given Undercurrent. This suggests that the lower values of dissipation observed in the 1987 TROPIC HEAT experiment were due to the lower wind stress values rather than the relatively weak Undercurrent. The main findings of this thesis are: 1) When the diurnal cycle in solar heating is strong, it determines the local vertical structure of the upper ocean (in both the LOTUS and TROPIC HEAT observations). The Price et al. (1986) model and its extension to the equator simulate the upper ocean fairly well when the diurnal cycle is strong. Under these conditions it is necessary to make measurements very near the surface (
Download or read book Ocean Optics written by Rochard W. Spinrad and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1994-01-06 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the publication of Jerlov's classic volume on optical oceanography in 1968, the ability to predict or model the submarine light field, given measurements of the inherent optical properties of the ocean, has improved to the point that model fields are very close to measured fields. In the last three decades, remote sensing capabilities have fostered powerful models that can be inverted to estimate the inherent optical properties closely related to substances important for understanding global biological productivity, environmental quality, and most nearshore geophysical processes. This volume presents an eclectic blend of information on the theories, experiments, and instrumentation that now characterize the ways in which optical oceanography is studied. Through the course of this interdisciplinary work, the reader is led from the physical concepts of radiative transfer to the experimental techniques used in the lab and at sea, to process-oriented discussions of the biochemical mechanisms responsible for oceanic optical variability. The text will be of interest to researchers and students in physical and biological oceanography, biology, geophysics, limnology, atmospheric optics, and remote sensing of ocean and global climate change.
Download or read book Numerical Models of Oceans and Oceanic Processes written by Lakshmi H. Kantha and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000-08-08 with total page 981 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oceans play a pivotal role in our weather and climate. Ocean-borne commerce is vital to our increasingly close-knit global community. Yet we do not fully understand the intricate details of how they function, how they interact with the atmosphere, and what the limits are to their biological productivity and their tolerance to wastes. While satellites are helping us to fill in the gaps, numerical ocean models are playing an important role in increasing our ability to comprehend oceanic processes, monitor the current state of the oceans, and to a limited extent, even predict their future state.Numerical Models of Oceans and Oceanic Processes is a survey of the current state of knowledge in this field. It brings together a discussion of salient oceanic dynamics and processes, numerical solution methods, and ocean models to provide a comprehensive treatment of the topic. Starting with elementary concepts in ocean dynamics, it deals with equatorial, mid-latitude, high latitude, and coastal dynamics from the perspective of a modeler. A comprehensive and up-to-date chapter on tides is also included. This is followed by a discussion of different kinds of numerical ocean models and the pre- and post-processing requirements and techniques. Air-sea and ice-ocean coupled models are described, as well as data assimilation and nowcast/forecasts. Comprehensive appendices on wavelet transforms and empirical orthogonal functions are also included.This comprehensive and up-to-date survey of the field should be of interest to oceanographers, atmospheric scientists, and climatologists. While some prior knowledge of oceans and numerical modeling is helpful, the book includes an overview of enough elementary material so that along with its companion volume, Small Scale Processes in Geophysical Flows, it should be useful to both students new to the field and practicing professionals.* Comprehensive and up-to-date review* Useful for a two-semester (or one-semester on selected topics) graduate level course* Valuable reference on the topic* Essential for a better understanding of weather and climate
Download or read book Technical Reports Awareness Circular TRAC written by and published by . This book was released on 1987-02 with total page 746 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Earth Resources written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 758 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Catalogue of Accessioned Publications written by World Data Center A--Oceanography and published by . This book was released on with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Models and Simulations of Tracer Dispersal by Mid ocean Mesoscale Eddies written by Dale B. Haidvogel and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 770 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Haidvogel and Keffer (1984) have examined the stirring and mixing of a passive tracer in a turbulent mesoscale eddy field for environmental parameters characteristic of a homogeneous mid-ocean region. This study utilized two numerical models, based respectively on the barotropic vorticity and advective-diffusive equations, to simulate the evolving mid-ocean eddy field and the associated dispersion of an embedded tracer spot. Here, these models are described in detail, and the full suite of tracer release simulations are shown in the form of contour plots.
Download or read book Summer Study Program in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics written by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 790 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The explosive growth of dynamical system theory stem in large part from the realization that it is applicable to many natural phenomena. Indeed, much of the theoretical dvelopment has been sparked by numerical and laboratory experiments which exhibit ordered sequences of behavior that call for a general framework of interpretation. Five lectures exposed us to elementaty examples of bifurcation and chaos, to symmetry breaking, normal forms and temporal and spatial disorder, as well as to pertinent fluid mechanical and astrophysical phenomena. In addition are the development with an elegant summary of different types of intermittency; Seminars on phase instability and turbulence as an extension of the lecture series; and the fascinating correspondence between the frequencies observed in one recent fluid mechanics experiments and results from number theory relating the Fibonacci series to the golden mean.
Download or read book Satellite Remote Sensing of the Marine Environment written by Gerald Barton and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Journal of Physical Oceanography written by and published by . This book was released on 1998-05 with total page 936 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assessment of the U S Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Studies Program written by Division on Earth and Life Studies and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1990-02-01 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A report by the Physical Oceanography Panel of the National Research Council of the United States into the physical oceanographic aspects of the Environmental Studies Program. The Committee evaluated the quality and relevance of studies carried out in waters under federal control which extend from the limits of state jurisdictions (3-12 miles offshore) and include the central and outer continental shelf waters and the continental slope of the United States.
Download or read book Cell Cycle Controls in Marine Phytoplankton written by Daniel Vaulot and published by . This book was released on 1985* with total page 876 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
