Download or read book Long term Trends of Stream Fish Community Assemblages in Southern Missouri with Contemporary Land Use Impacts written by Stephanie Marie Sickler and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stream fish communities in the Ozarks are structured via a number of different mechanisms, including basin, stream size, and human land use. The purpose of this study was to understand the structuring mechanisms of stream fish communities in southern Missouri. I compiled 48 years of historical fish collections performed by the Ichthyology class at Missouri State University consisting of 140 sites. I resampled 45 of these sites in summer of 2016. First, I tested whether communities are different between basins and stream size. Next, I tested associations of land use at three spatial scales to local fish communities. Last, I used historical collections to determine occupancy of species through time. Contemporary fish communities were used to answer basin, stream size, and land use structuring questions. Bray-Curtis dissimilarities demonstrated that communities in the modern data were different between basin, but not different in relation to stream size. I used Bray-Curtis again to calculate dissimilarity of land use composition at each spatial scale, then compared that to the communities with Mantel tests. Mantel tests showed that differences in land use were associated with differences in fish communities at all three spatial scales. Historical data were used to create logistic regressions for occupancy of each species to determine if presence is increasing or decreasing. Logistic regressions showed many species in decline, especially darters and minnows. This points to a need to more fully understand how fish communities in the Ozarks are impacted by human activities.

Download or read book Effects of Trout Introduction on Community Assemblage and Behavior of Native Fish in the Missouri Ozarks written by Joseph Tyler Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Salmonids have been introduced to Ozark streams since 1878 with few studies to date investigating the effects of trout introduction on native fish. Fish communities were sampled in the fall of 2013 to assess potential impacts of trout introduction on community assemblage and behavior of native fish. An index of biotic integrity (IBI) was used to compare assemblages between sites of trout introduction and contemporaneous controls. Habitat and water temperature data were collected throughout 2012 and 2013 for all streams sampled to assess influences of these variables on fish assemblages and behavior. Results indicated that streams receiving high densities of trout had lower IBI scores than controls. However, water temperature may have influenced this observation due to streams receiving high densities of trout having colder and less variable water temperature. Results of the behavioral study indicate that trout introduction had an effect on the flight initiation distance, a proxy of wariness, of rainbow darters, Etheostoma caeruleum, and orange throat darters, Etheostoma spectabile. The increased wariness observed in these species in trout streams could have long-term fitness consequences for these species.

Download or read book Land use Changes and the Physical Habitat of Streams written by Robert B. Jacobson and published by Geological Survey (USGS). This book was released on 2001 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Science to Support Adaptive Habitat Management written by Robert B. Jacobson and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Stream Fish Community Dynamics written by William J. Matthews and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2017-05 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most comprehensive synthesis of stream fish community research ever produced. Winner of the CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title of the Choice ACRL Ecologists have long struggled to understand community dynamics. In this groundbreaking book, leading fish ecologists William Matthews and Edie Marsh-Matthews apply long-term studies of stream fish communities to several enduring questions. This critical synthesis reaches to the heart of ecological theory, testing concepts against the four decades of data the authors have collected from numerous warm-water stream fish communities in the central and eastern United States. Stream Fish Community Dynamics draws together the work of a single research team to provide fresh analyses of the short- and long-term dynamics of numerous streams, each with multiple sampling sites. Conducting repeated surveys of fish communities at temporal scales from months to decades, the authors' research findings will fascinate anyone searching for a deeper understanding of community ecology. The study sites covered by this book range from small headwater creeks to large prairie rivers in Oklahoma and from Ozark and Ouachita mountain streams in Arkansas to the upland Roanoke River in Virginia. The book includes • A comparison of all global and local communities with respect to community composition at the species and family level, emergent community properties, and the relationship between those emergent properties and the environments of the study sites • Analyses of traits of individual species that are important to their distribution or success in harsh environments • A review of evidence for the importance of interactions—including competition and predation—in community dynamics of stream fishes • An assessment of disturbance effects in fish community dynamics • New analysis of the short- and long-term dynamics of variation in stream fish communities, illustrating the applicability and importance of the "loose equilibrium concept" • New analyses and comparisons of spatiotemporal variation in community dynamics and beta diversity partitioning • An overview of the effects of fish in ecosystems in the central and eastern United States The book ends with a summary chapter that places the authors' findings in broader contexts and describes how the "loose equilibrium concept"—which may be the most appropriate default assumption for dynamics of stream fishes in the changing climate of the future—applies to many kinds of stream fish communities.

Download or read book Relation of Fish Community Composition to Environmental Factors and Land Use in Part of the Upper Mississippi River Basin 1995 97 written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Spatial Temporal and Environmental Trends of Fish Assemblages Within Six Reaches of the Upper Mississippi River System written by Valerie A. Barko and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We investigated differences in adult and young-of-the-year (YOY) fishes within each of the six Long Term Resource Monitoring Program study areas, using monitoring data from 1993 to 2001. Our objective was to investigate the relative roles of seasonal, annual, in situ, and physical habitat factors in explaining assemblage structure patterns within the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program study areas. Adult and YOY assemblage structure within each reach was dominated by one to three numerically abundant species. The percent of the total abundance for which these species accounted was 10-88% and varied among age classes and study areas. Physical habitat classes were only weakly associated with differences in fish assemblage patterns within each study area. The amount of variation in fish abundance explained by physical habitats varied among the reaches. Differences among physical habitat classes accounted for 3-23% of the variation in the adult fish assemblage and for 3-20% of the difference in the YOY fish assemblage within each reach of our study area. Factors associated with interannual differences in environmental conditions were strongly correlated to patterns in assemblage structure within each of the six study areas. This was particularly true for YOY assemblages. Such a result would not have been attainable without long-term standardized data. Little is known regarding YOY assemblage patterns and dynamics in large river systems and long-term data sets are vital for continued investigation. The influence of environmental gradients on fish assemblage structure varied among the six study areas and explained 9-31% of the variation in assemblage structure. In the northern four reaches, water velocity was one of the primary factors associated with differences in fish assemblage structure. In the Unimpounded Reach (Upper Mississippi River) and Illinois River study areas, river elevation was one of the primary factors associated with differences in assemblage structure. Depth of gear deployment was influential in explaining differences in assemblage structure patterns in all reaches except the Upper Mississippi River Pool 4 and the Illinois River study areas. In all study areas, the amount of variation in fish abundance patterns explained by sampling period was relatively low. However, assemblage structure differed among sampling periods. In the northern reaches, sampling periods 2 and 3 were the most similar.

Download or read book Land Use Effects on Stream Morphology and Macroinvertebrate Communities in the Ozarks Region Taney County Missouri written by David Dickson and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Changing land use practices have contributed substantially to an increase in stream degradation and biotic stresses. Clearing of forested areas, urbanization, and agricultural practices are a direct result of sustaining the ever increasing human population. In the Ozarks of Southwest Missouri, little research has been performed on these impacts on streams outside of the Springfield area, leaving much of this region without an account of such anthropogenic disturbances. To better assess the impacts of anthropogenic disturbances in southwest Missouri, four streams were chosen following the rural-urban disturbance gradient. Geomorphic, habitat, and hydrologic data was collected following the USGS National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) protocol with additional survey methods. Water quality was assessed for each stream through nutrient samples, water chemistry, and macroinvertebrate community analysis. Results provide evidence indicating that all streams in this study were considered degraded, both biologically and geomorphically and that anthropogenic influences have altered and affected all streams in this study with little regard to classification type. However, the degree and severity of impairment varied among stream types. Percent shading and water temperature were the only factors significant correlated to land use that also had a high degree of similarity with the macroinvertebrate community indices. This suggests that in impaired stream reaches, shading, and the environmental factors it can influence, can have a substantial impact on the success rate of the macroinvertebrate communities within these streams.

Download or read book Patterns in Distribution of Stream Fishes in the Eastern Rivers and Mountains Network written by Evan Faulk and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stream fish communities are frequently utilized as bioindicators of water quality and stream ecosystem health, because environmental and anthropogenic processes that control and alter physicochemical properties of streams are often reflected in fish community composition. Research staff of the Eastern Rivers and Mountains Network (ERMN), an Inventory and Monitoring network of the National Park Service, annually monitor core indicators of wadeable stream condition using measures of ecological integrity; however, no continuous stream fish community monitoring existed. Given the usefulness of stream fish as bioindicators and the potential benefits of adding long-term fish monitoring to the ERMN wadeable stream monitoring program, I developed and initiated the framework and methodology of a continuous, long-term fish community monitoring program for ERMN wadeable streams. During spring and summer of 2013 and 2014, an occupancy sampling framework was used to collect stream fish detection/non-detection data at 68 randomly-selected, spatially-balanced sites across two ERMN parks: Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area (DEWA) and New River Gorge National River (NERI). Hierarchical community occupancy models were used to describe stream fish distribution and determine the relative importance of stream habitat, measured at multiple spatial scales, in structuring stream fish communities. Results indicated that occupancy probabilities and effects of habitat, with respect to direction and magnitude, differed among species. In most cases, natural longitudinal gradients of stream habitat were reflected in species-specific and species group-specific occupancy probabilities, but anthropogenic disturbance (e.g., species introductions, impoundments, deforestation, and water quality impairment) also influenced the frequency of species occurrence and native-introduced species dynamics. These results highlighted the importance of considering multiple processes and spatial scales when studying how stream fish communities are shaped by stream habitat; moreover, that occupancy may be a valuable state variable for use in long-term species monitoring programs.

Download or read book Physical Habitat Analysis Using the Riverine Community Habitat Assessment and Restoration Concept RCHARC written by John M. Nestler and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increased water resources demand in rivers regulated by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers dams has intensified the conflict between preservation of lotic ecosystems and economic benefits of stream regulatin or channel modification. The Riverine Community Habitat and Restoration Concept (RCHARC) facilitates evaluation of effects of different channel configurations or release patterns on fish habitat and can be used to balance water resources development and natural resource preservation. The RCHARC is applied to the Gavins Point Dam tailwater of the Missouri River as a case history to assess the effects of different reservoir release alternatives on habitat for native riverine warmwater fishes. Application of the RCHARC requires four steps. First a comparison standard must be selected which the project alternatives can be contrasted. Second, hydrologic and hydraulic features of the comparison standard having fish habitat significance are described and summarized as an annual series of monthly depth or velocity frequency distributions. Third, a similar approach is used to describe hydrologic and hydraulic features of the project alternatives. Fourth, the habitat value of each of the project alternatives is determined by similarity of their depth or velocity distributions to the distributions of the standard. The more similar an alternative is to the standard system, the higher it will be ranked.

Download or read book Spatial Patterns of Resource Use of a Native Fish Assemblage in the Upper Mississippi River System written by Shaley A. Valentine and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In rivers that shift in their natural or modified physical structure, it is expected that organisms alter their resource use with the shifts in physical changes. The Upper Mississippi River System (UMRS) is a modified river basin and stark contrasts in both the physical structure of habitat types and biological structure in the types of organisms present exist spatially. The upper reaches of the basin contain more complex habitat types than the lower reaches which suggests resource use of fishes likely differs at least between upper and lower reaches. To date, the resource use of some commercially important, invasive, and imperiled species has been studied. However, little information regarding resource use exists for most native fishes. Understanding resource use and how it differs across time and space would benefit managers of the UMRS as programs are underway to restore and manage the system. To determine how resource use of native fishes differs spatially and temporally in the UMRS, I quantified resource use of ten native fishes across six reaches of the UMRS using multiple techniques. At the largest spatial and temporal scale, I quantified the natal origins of six prey and two predatory fishes using trace element analysis. At a seasonal scale, I quantified the collective resource use of eight species using carbon and nitrogen isotopes to compare isotopic niche space, niche overlap, and community metrics. At the shortest scale, I quantified the diets of two predatory species that are thought to compete with one another. Both large scale similarities and nuances in resource use existed in the UMRS depending on the spatial and temporal contexts. At the longest scale, fishes consistently used network connectivity as tributaries and other mainstem river reaches contributed recruits to the mainstem river. However, the percentage of individuals resulting from network connectivity and the specific rivers that lent the recruits differed among species and reaches. Particularly, large tributaries like the Minnesota and Missouri rivers contributed relatively high numbers of recruits to nearby reaches compared to other tributaries, and the most downstream reaches had the greatest contributions from network connectivity. Prey fishes recruited more often from tributaries than predators whereas consumed prey and prey collected directly from the UMRS had similar origins which were consistent across years. At a seasonal scale, breadth of resource use of individual species and the assemblage and some community metrics increased whereas overlap decreased moving downstream in the UMRS. This shift in resource use metrics coincides with shifts in the physical structure of the system. At the shortest scale, diet compositions of the two predators were similar to one another and spatially among upper reaches in the UMRS. These two predators likely coexist in part due to diet plasticity and prey size allocations that differ between species. Additionally, the relative physical homogeneity of the upper reaches of the UMRS may have led to the spatial similarity in prey use. Together, these results suggest the physical structure of the system impacted the resource use of fishes, where trophic niches and use of network connectivity shifted with the shift in physical structure of the Mississippi River. At a minimum, spatial gradients in isotopic niches and percentage of individuals coming from network connectivity suggest the resource use of fishes in downstream reaches at seasonal and life-long scales differs from the upstream reaches within this system. These differences could stem from longitudinal or functional process zone shifts in the physical structure which cannot be determined given these data. In the context of management of the system, fishes use network connectivity to at least some degree across all species and sampling reaches, indicating that the connectivity in the system should at least be maintained if not improved. Additionally, fish move among reaches (i.e., through lock and dams) and tributaries, which highlights the need for interjurisdictional management not just in the UMRS but in nearby tributary systems like the Minnesota and Missouri River where fish originated.

Download or read book Effects of urban development on stream ecosystems in nine metropolitan study areas across the United States written by James F. Coles and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Missouri River Ecosystem written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-07-22 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Missouri River Ecosystem: Exploring the Prospects for Recovery resulted from a study conducted at the request of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The nation's longest river, the Missouri River and its floodplain ecosystem experienced substantial environmental and hydrologic changes during the twentieth century. The context of Missouri River dam and reservoir system management is marked by sharp differences between stakeholders regarding the river's proper management regime. The management agencies have been challenged to determine the appropriate balance between these competing interests. This Water Science and Technology Board report reviews the ecological state of the river and floodplain ecosystem, scientific research of the ecosystem, and the prospects for implementing an adaptive management approach, all with a view toward helping move beyond ongoing scientific and other differences. The report notes that continued ecological degradation of the ecosystem is certain unless some portion of pre-settlement river flows and processes were restored. The report also includes recommendations to enhance scientific knowledge through carefully planned and monitored river management actions and the enactment of a Missouri River Protection and Recovery Act.

Download or read book Temporal Trends in Fish Assemblage Structure in the Current River Drainage Missouri Over Eighty Years written by Daniel Paul Morrill and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Watershed sediment biotic Linkages in Small Streams of Missouri s Osage River Basin written by Andy W. Turner and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sedimentation is an important variable influencing the complex physical and biological features of streams. Hierarchical models of watershed characteristics, within third-order streams of the Osage River Basin in Missouri, were developed to identify linkages between watershed characteristics, stream sedimentation, and fish assemblages. The models aim to provide insights into both natural and anthropogenic variables associated with sedimentation, as well as the likely response fish assemblages would have to inputs of excess sedimentation from human activities. A total of 36 sites was classified based on soil type and land-use variables previously shown to be associated with stream sedimentation. Following classification, sites were sampled to define sediment and substrate composition. A subset of sites (n=12), encompassing the range of sedimentation levels, was sampled to define fish-assemblage composition. Results indicate soil classification of a watershed may predict the range of sedimentation and substrate composition in streams. Both anthropogenic and natural-watershed variables relate to the degree of stream sedimentation. Variables associated with increased sedimentation include increased percent cropland within a watershed, riparian width alteration, and cattle access to the stream. Alternatively, variables negatively associated with sedimentation include percent forestland within a watershed, stream gradient, and riparian width. Analysis of fish-sediment relations shows that varying levels of sedimentation were associated with fish assemblage composition. This study identifies linkages on a system wide level and provides insights into the processes of stream sedimentation.

Download or read book Impacts of Land Use on Stream Bank Erosion in the Northeast Missouri Claypan Region written by Rachel Dabney Peacher and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Historical Land Use Changes and Potential Effects on Stream Disturbance in the Ozark Plateaus Missouri R B Jacobson Et Al written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: