Download or read book Long term Prognostic and Predictive Factors in Hormone Receptor Positive Breast Cancer written by Helena Fohlin and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The breast cancer survival in Sweden is good (almost 90 % 5-year relative survival) and has increased over time. For women with hormone receptor negative tumors, most relapses occur within the first 5 years after diagnosis. Thereafter the recurrence risk decreases rapidly. For women with estrogen receptor positive (ER+) tumors the annual risk for late recurrences is 1 – 2 %, even after 5 years of endocrine therapy. This risk accumulates so that approximately 25 % of the patients that are recurrence-free after five years from diagnosis may experience a relapse within further 15 years of follow-up. The relatively high long-term risk calls for identification of prognostic and predictive markers with long-term effect. Though, the number of such markers with proven significance is limited. Of the clinical characteristics, only nodal status and to some extent tumor size and tumor grade have been shown to have long-term prognostic value. In this thesis, we propose long-term prognostic and predictive markers for breast cancer. In paper I , we suggest the protein v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homologue 2 (AKT2) as a long-term prognostic marker among patients with ER+ tumors. In our study, besides nodal status, AKT2 was the only factor with long-term prognostic value. This is in accordance with some other studies, though we also showed that the significance of AKT2 was limited to ER+ tumors and that the impact increased with higher ER expression. Approximately 75 – 85 % of the ER+ tumors are also progesterone receptor positive (PR+). ER+/progesterone receptor negative (PR-) tumors are considered to be more aggressive and patients with such tumors are often treated with chemotherapy. In this group, more specific subgroups for targeted therapy are needed. Whereas ER has long been established as a predictive factor regarding tamoxifen benefit, the role of PR has not been clarified to date. In paper II , we showed that PR status adds predictive value to ER considering the long-term benefit from tamoxifen. In paper III , we aimed to identify new prognostic markers among patients with ER+ tumors. Systemically untreated patients with ER+/PR- tumors and high expression of the Ras-related protein RAB6C (RAB6C) had reduced distant recurrence rate. Therefore, we suggest RAB6C as a candidate marker for subgroup division among patients with ER+/PR- tumors. According to the results from paper II, there might be subgroups of patients with ER+/PRtumors that do benefit from tamoxifen. The aim of paper IV was to identify such subgroups. Here, we suggest that patients with ER+/PR- tumors and low RAB6C expression do benefit from tamoxifen. The results from this thesis may encourage further studies for more specific subgroup divisions. Such studies may lead to changes in the management program, where some patients with ER+ tumors should receive prolonged or more intense treatment and others reduced treatment based on the pathological markers AKT2, PR and RAB6C.
Download or read book Prognostic variables in node negative and node positive breast cancer written by Giampietro Gasparini and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biomarkers in Breast Cancer written by Giampietro Gasparini and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-01-17 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Expert laboratory and clinical researchers from around the world review how to design and evaluate studies of tumor markers and examine their use in breast cancer patients. The authors cover both the major advances in sophisticated molecular methods and the state-of-the-art in conventional prognostic and predictive indicators. Among the topics discussed are the relevance of rigorous study design and guidelines for the validation studies of new biomarkers, gene expression profiling by tissue microarrays, adjuvant systemic therapy, and the use of estrogen, progesterone, and epidermal growth factor receptors as both prognostic and predictive indicators. Highlights include the evaluation of HER2 and EGFR family members, of p53, and of UPA/PAI-1; the detection of rare cells in blood and marrow; and the detection and analysis of soluble, circulating markers.
Download or read book Decision Tools for Radiation Oncology written by Carsten Nieder and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-03-13 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A look at the recent oncology literature or a search of the common databases reveals a steadily increasing number of nomograms and other prognostic models. These models may predict the risk of relapse, lymphatic spread of a given malignancy, toxicity, survival, etc. Pathology information, gene signatures, and clinical data may all be used to compute the models. This trend reflects increasingly individualized treatment concepts, the need for approaches that achieve a favorable balance between effectiveness and side-effects, and the goal of optimal resource utilization reflecting prognostic knowledge. In order to avoid misuse, it is important to understand the limits and caveats of prognostic and predictive models. This book provides a comprehensive overview of such decision tools for radiation oncology, stratified by disease site, which will enable readers to make informed choices in daily clinical practice and to critically follow the future development of new tools in the field.>
Download or read book Adjuvant Therapy for Breast Cancer written by Monica Castiglione and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-07-11 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adjuvant treatment is administered prior to or as follow up to surgical procedures for breast cancer. Proven success in using medical therapies allowing for breast conserving procedures or reducing risk of occurrence. Although there has been much progress towards a cure, including the introduction of new targeted therapies, metastasizing cancer remains highly incurable.
Download or read book Cancer Among Blacks and Other Minorities written by National Cancer Institute (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Identification of Predictive Factors of Recurrence of Hormone Receptor Positive Breast Cancer After Completion of 5 Years of Aromatase Inhibitor and Development of Prognostictool An Analysis of 1496 Women of the ICO Database written by Camille Moreau-Bachelard and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction : women with hormone receptor positive early breast cancer receive generally adjuvant endocrine therapy (ET) for 5 years including tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors (AI) for pre and post-menopausal women respectively. However, more than half of recurrences occurred after that time and extension of ET is an option.The identification of patients who could benefit the most of extended ET is major issue. We aimed to develop a simple prognostic tool to estimate the risk of late recurrence of patients who had completed 5 years of AI, in order to help the decision making process of extending AI. We hypothesized that late recurrence including metastatic disease, contralateral disease, and ipsilateral recurrences after completing 5 years of AI in may be associated with initial clinical and pathological prognostic factors. Methods : in this monocentric, retrospective and descriptive analysis from the database BERENIS we included all postmenopausal women diagnosed for early breast cancer and who completed 54 months of endocrine therapy. Results : between January 2003 and December 2011, 1107 post-menopausal women were included. After a median duration of follow-up of 32.6 months [1-132], the recurrence rate was 8% including 60 metastatic relapses, and 8 and 21 homolateral and controlateral recurrences respectively. Multivariate analysis showed the pathological tumour size (continuous) (HR = 1.02; p = 0.035), the number of macro-metastases (continuous) (HR = 1.17; p = 0.001) and age (HR = 1.04; p = 0.012)were independent prognostic factors of relapse free survival. We designed a prognostic score of late relapse corresponding to: 10*(tumour size (mm))+79*(number of macrometastases)+14*(years old) with a cut-off at 1200 points. In our patients, 78.8% were categorized as low risk, 21.2% as high risk for late recurrence. Those categorized as low risk had a mean 5- to 10-year local or distant recurrence risk of 9.8% (95% CI, 7.1% to 13.5%) as compared with 38.3% (95% CI, 27.6% to 50.9%) for high-risk groups. Conclusion : this score predicts the risk of recurrence after 5 years of aromatase inhibitor and can be a simple tool to help clinicians to select patients who could derive the most benefit of extending adjuvant AI above 5 years.
Download or read book Prognostic and Predictive Factors in Breast Cancer Second Edition written by Rosemary A. Walker and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-06-12 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title reviews the key prognostic factors in breast cancer, discussing the methodologies involved in measuring and reporting. It also examines the roles of major predictive markers such as the steroid receptors, p53 and HER-2. Given the wealth of information in the medical literature on breast cancer, this volume is useful in that it focuses strictly on these factors. That focus makes this text extremely useful for oncologists and researchers who want to learn more about best practices in prognoses.
Download or read book Prognostic and Predictive Factors in Breast Cancer written by Rosemary A. Walker and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-09-04 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title reviews the key prognostic factors in breast cancer, discussing the methodologies involved in measuring and reporting. It also examines the roles of major predictive markers such as the steroid receptors, p53 and HER-2. Given the wealth of information in the medical literature on breast cancer, this volume is useful in that it focuses strictly on these factors. That focus makes this text extremely useful for oncologists and researchers who want to learn more about best practices in prognoses.
Download or read book Breast Cancer Metastasis and Drug Resistance written by Aamir Ahmad and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-08-27 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Resistance to therapies, both targeted and systemic, and metastases to distant organs are the underlying causes of breast cancer-associated mortality. The second edition of Breast Cancer Metastasis and Drug Resistance brings together some of the leading experts to comprehensively understand breast cancer: the factors that make it lethal, and current research and clinical progress. This volume covers the following core topics: basic understanding of breast cancer (statistics, epidemiology, racial disparity and heterogeneity), metastasis and drug resistance (bone metastasis, trastuzumab resistance, tamoxifen resistance and novel therapeutic targets, including non-coding RNAs, inflammatory cytokines, cancer stem cells, ubiquitin ligases, tumor microenvironment and signaling pathways such as TRAIL, JAK-STAT and mTOR) and recent developments in the field (epigenetic regulation, microRNAs-mediated regulation, novel therapies and the clinically relevant 3D models). Experts also discuss the advances in laboratory research along with their translational and clinical implications with an overarching goal to improve the diagnosis and prognosis, particularly that of breast cancer patients with advanced disease.
Download or read book Prognostic and Predictive Factors in Primary Breast Cancer written by Pierre Stefanus Gerardus Johannes Hupperets and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Endocrine Therapy in Breast Cancer written by William R. Miller and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-03-08 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference evaluates and describes the latest strategies for hormone suppression and blockade in the management of early and advanced stage breast cancer and explores the effects of tamoxifen, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), aromatase inhibitors, and their combination on both breast cancers and normal tissues. Endocrine T
Download or read book Central Nervous System Metastases written by Manmeet Ahluwalia and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-05 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of brain metastases, from the molecular biology aspects to therapeutic management and perspectives. Due to the increasing incidence of these tumors and the urgent need to effectively control brain metastatic diseases in these patients, new therapeutic strategies have emerged in recent years. The volume discusses all these innovative approaches combined with new surgical techniques (fluorescence, functional mapping, integrated navigation), novel radiation therapy techniques (stereotactic radiosurgery) and new systemic treatment approaches such as targeted- and immunotherapy. These combination strategies represent a new therapeutic model in brain metastatic patients in which each medical practitioner (neurosurgeon, neurologist, medical oncologist, radiation oncologist) plays a pivotal role in defining the optimal treatment in a multidisciplinary approach. Written by recognized experts in the field, this book is a valuable tool for neurosurgeons, neuro-oncologists, neuroradiologists, medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, cognitive therapists, basic scientists and students working in the area of brain tumors.
Download or read book Estrogen Receptors in Human Breast Cancer written by William L. McGuire and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Prognosis Research in Healthcare written by Richard D. Riley and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-01-17 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "What is going to happen to me?" Most patients ask this question during a clinical encounter with a health professional. As well as learning what problem they have (diagnosis) and what needs to be done about it (treatment), patients want to know about their future health and wellbeing (prognosis). Prognosis research can provide answers to this question and satisfy the need for individuals to understand the possible outcomes of their condition, with and without treatment. Central to modern medical practise, the topic of prognosis is the basis of decision making in healthcare and policy development. It translates basic and clinical science into practical care for patients and populations. Prognosis Research in Healthcare: Concepts, Methods and Impact provides a comprehensive overview of the field of prognosis and prognosis research and gives a global perspective on how prognosis research and prognostic information can improve the outcomes of healthcare. It details how to design, carry out, analyse and report prognosis studies, and how prognostic information can be the basis for tailored, personalised healthcare. In particular, the book discusses how information about the characteristics of people, their health, and environment can be used to predict an individual's future health. Prognosis Research in Healthcare: Concepts, Methods and Impact, addresses all types of prognosis research and provides a practical step-by-step guide to undertaking and interpreting prognosis research studies, ideal for medical students, health researchers, healthcare professionals and methodologists, as well as for guideline and policy makers in healthcare wishing to learn more about the field of prognosis.
Download or read book The Frailty Model written by Luc Duchateau and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-23 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Readers will find in the pages of this book a treatment of the statistical analysis of clustered survival data. Such data are encountered in many scientific disciplines including human and veterinary medicine, biology, epidemiology, public health and demography. A typical example is the time to death in cancer patients, with patients clustered in hospitals. Frailty models provide a powerful tool to analyze clustered survival data. In this book different methods based on the frailty model are described and it is demonstrated how they can be used to analyze clustered survival data. All programs used for these examples are available on the Springer website.
Download or read book SEER Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results Program written by SEER Program (National Cancer Institute (U.S.)) and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
