Download or read book Long Term Operation of Pilot scale Biological Nutrient Removal Process in Treating Municipal Wastewater written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book How Low Can You Go written by Rachel Stewart and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasing energy costs and climate change necessitate an optimization of energy use at wastewater treatment plants for a sustainable future. Aeration within the biological nutrient removal (BNR) process accounts for a large portion of energy consumption at a wastewater treatment plant. As such, reducing the aeration input is considered a primary solution to reducing the energy required for wastewater treatment. While successful BNR at lower than conventional dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations has been demonstrated, challenges remain before reduced aeration can be implemented at full-scale. In Chapter 1, we first compared two automated aeration control strategies under low-DO conditions in two pilot-scale treatment systems. We showed that effective, year-round BNR can be achieved with both strategies by increasing the solids retention time. However, both pilot-scale processes experienced poor solids settleability during the winter. While settleability was recovered during warmer temperatures, improving settling quality under low-DO remains a challenged to be resolved. In Chapter 2, we investigated the short- and long-term effect of DO reductions on the production and emission of nitrous oxide, a potent greenhouse gas. We found that while increases in nitrous oxide production and emission immediately followed DO reductions, long-term emissions decreased after prolonged operation under low-DO conditions. Process nuisances and performance deviations (e.g. nitrite accumulation) also corresponded with increased emissions. Finally, in Chapter 3, we used genome-resolved metagenomics and metatranscriptomics to explore the diversity and dynamics of the Candidatus Accumlibacter lineage, key organisms contributing to phosphorus removal from wastewater. We found that Accumulibacter community was highly diverse across time in multiple pilot-scale low-DO systems, supporting evidence that most members of this lineage have a high affinity for oxygen. The information gained in these studies expands on the feasibility and implications of low-DO wastewater treatment at full-scale and adds to our understanding of the microbial community carrying out BNR under these conditions.
Download or read book Biological Nutrient Removal BNR Operation in Wastewater Treatment Plants WEF Manual of Practice No 30 written by Water Environment Federation and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2006 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MOP 109 & WEF MOP 30 describes the theory, equipment, and practical techniques needed to optimize BNR in varied environments.
Download or read book Biological Wastewater Treatment written by Mogens Henze and published by IWA Publishing (International Water Assoc). This book was released on 1881 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For information on the online course in Biological Wastewater Treatment from UNESCO-IHE, visit: http://www.iwapublishing.co.uk/books/biological-wastewater-treatment-online-course-principles-modeling-and-design Over the past twenty years, the knowledge and understanding of wastewater treatment have advanced extensively and moved away from empirically-based approaches to a first principles approach embracing chemistry, microbiology, physical and bioprocess engineering, and mathematics. Many of these advances have matured to the degree that they have been codified into mathematical models for simulation with computers. For a new generation of young scientists and engineers entering the wastewater treatment profession, the quantity, complexity and diversity of these new developments can be overwhelming, particularly in developing countries where access is not readily available to advanced level tertiary education courses in wastewater treatment. Biological Wastewater Treatment addresses this deficiency. It assembles and integrates the postgraduate course material of a dozen or so professors from research groups around the world that have made significant contributions to the advances in wastewater treatment. The book forms part of an internet-based curriculum in biological wastewater treatment which also includes: Summarized lecture handouts of the topics covered in book Filmed lectures by the author professors Tutorial exercises for students self-learning Upon completion of this curriculum the modern approach of modelling and simulation to wastewater treatment plant design and operation, be it activated sludge, biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal, secondary settling tanks or biofilm systems, can be embraced with deeper insight, advanced knowledge and greater confidence.
Download or read book Process Control for Biological Nutrient Removal Processes in Fluidized Beds Treating Low Carbon to Nitrogen Municipal Wastewater written by Joseph Donohue and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conventional wastewater treatment techniques - utilizing microorganisms to remove organics and nutrients (i.e. nitrogen and phosphorus) from a water stream and partially incorporate them into their cell structure - struggle to adapt with increased urbanization due to land and infrastructure requirements. The circulating fluidized-bed bioreactor (CFBBR) was developed as a way to provide biological treatment in an urbanized area by cultivating high-density bacteria on an inert media. The technology operates as a pre-anoxic nitrification/denitrification wastewater treatment process. The system is initially loaded with media, providing a platform for microbial growth. Internal recycle streams in the system provide the energy to fluidize the media - increasing mass transfer and accelerating microbial growth and pollutant removal rates. A pilot-scale CFBBR unit operated in Guangzhou, China, at an organic loading rate of 0.50 kg COD/day and a nitrogen loading rate of 0.075 kg N/day, was able to achieve a 93% reduction in carbon and an 88% reduction in nitrogen. In addition, an innovative sensor network was constructed from open source hardware to monitor and adjust dissolved oxygen (DO) levels inside a 15 L lab-scale partial nitrification fluidized-bed. The treatment strategy for this biological process was to create reactor conditions that favour nitrifying bacteria that convert ammonia to nitrite, called ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB), over nitrifying bacteria that convert nitrite to nitrate, called nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB). The CFBBR, by virtue of its unique abilities to control biofilm thickness and accordingly biological solids retention time, offers significant advantages over other emerging nitrogen removal processes. The control system was designed to automatically adjust the air flow to the bioreactor to maintain a DO level of approximately 1 mg/L, conditions that favour AOBs activity over NOBs. The unit operated continuously for 40 days as the bioreactor was fed with 200 mg/L of synthetic ammonia wastewater (devoid of carbon) to a maximum nitrogen loading rate of 6 g NH4-N/day. The control system was able to maintain an ambient DO level of 1.30 mg/L. At this loading rate, the effluent nitrate concentration was approximately 5% of the influent feed - indicating low NOB populations in the reactor.
Download or read book Biological Nutrient Removal BNR Operation in Wastewater Treatment Plants written by Water Environment Federation and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2005-11-15 with total page 642 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: BNR is a fast-growing method of removing biological pollutants (bacteria, etc.) from wastewater. Experts from both the Water Environment Federation and the American Society of Civil Engineers have collaborated on this definitive work which is intended to be a practical manual for plant managers and operators who needed current information on BNR.
Download or read book Bioelectrochemical Systems written by Korneel Rabaey and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2009-12-01 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the context of wastewater treatment, Bioelectrochemical Systems (BESs) have gained considerable interest in the past few years, and several BES processes are on the brink of application to this area. This book, written by a large number of world experts in the different sub-topics, describes the different aspects and processes relevant to their development. Bioelectrochemical Systems (BESs) use micro-organisms to catalyze an oxidation and/or reduction reaction at an anodic and cathodic electrode respectively. Briefly, at an anode oxidation of organic and inorganic electron donors can occur. Prime examples of such electron donors are waste organics and sulfides. At the cathode, an electron acceptor such as oxygen or nitrate can be reduced. The anode and the cathode are connected through an electrical circuit. If electrical power is harvested from this circuit, the system is called a Microbial Fuel Cell; if electrical power is invested, the system is called a Microbial Electrolysis Cell. The overall framework of bio-energy and bio-fuels is discussed. A number of chapters discuss the basics – microbiology, microbial ecology, electrochemistry, technology and materials development. The book continues by highlighting the plurality of processes based on BES technology already in existence, going from wastewater based reactors to sediment based bio-batteries. The integration of BESs into existing water or process lines is discussed. Finally, an outlook is provided of how BES will fit within the emerging biorefinery area.
Download or read book Biological Nutrient Removal from Municipal Wastewater written by Zhirong Hu and published by Wiley. This book was released on 2020-05-27 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text offers a systematic review and summary on the development of biological nutrient removal (BNR) in fundamental research and practical applications. It provides the latest information about state-of-the-art BNR technology in wastewater treatment, including new filtration and membrane systems. This guide presents extensive coverage of several basic BNR biochemical processes (nitrification, denitrification, and EBPR), three types of BNR processes (conventional single sludge systems, recently developed two sludge systems, and MBR BNR systems), recently widely used process modeling and simulation technology, and key aspects of process design, operation, and control.
Download or read book Nutrient Removal from Wastewaters written by Nigel J. Horan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1994-10-06 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Topics in the book include: novel processes, removal of ammonia and nitrogen, retrofitting/upgrading treatment plants for nutrient removal, and operating experiences at full-scale plants. Nutrient removal from wastewaters is a critical topic in every region. Problems can arise from domestic sewage, industrial wastewater, or rainwater runoff.
Download or read book Characterizing Mechanisms of Simultaneous Biological Nutrient Removal During Wastewater Treatment written by P. F. Strom and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Simultaneous biological nutrient removal (SBNR) is the removal of nitrogen and/or phosphorus in excess of that required for biomass synthesis in biological wastewater treatment systems where there are no defined anaerobic and/or anoxic zones. The hypothesis is that one or more of three mechanisms is responsible within individual systems: variations in the bioreactor macroenvironment created by the mixing pattern, gradients within the floc microenvironment, and/or novel microorganism activity. Understanding of the mechanisms of SBNR can be expected to lead to improved efficiency and reliability in its application. Preliminary work documented SBNR in 7 full-scale OrbalTM closed loop bioreactors. A batch assay demonstrated that novel microorganism activity was of little importance in SBNR at the three plants tested. While the floc microenvironment likely plays an important role in nitrogen removal in such plants, it cannot explain phosphorus removal. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed to elucidate the role of the bioreactor macroenvironment in SBNR. This is the first reported application of CFD to activated sludge biological wastewater treatment. Although the software and computational requirements limited model complexity, it still simulated the creation of dissolved oxygen gradients within the system, demonstrating that the anaerobic zones required for SBNR could occur.
Download or read book Advances in Water and Wastewater Treatment written by Martin P. Wanielista and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 1978 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biological Nutrients Removal in the Anaerobic Anoxic Oxic Wastewater Treatment Process written by Changyong Wu and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (A2/O) is one of the most widely used processes in municipal wastewater treatment plants for simultaneous biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal. The A2/O process has many advantages, such as simple configuration and short hydraulic retention time (HRT), etc. In addition, it is easy to operate. Therefore, A2/O will be continuously chosen as the main option in all kinds of newly designed and built wastewater treatment plants. Though the A2/O process has been used widely, it has some inherent contradictions which are difficult to overcome. For example, the contradiction between substrate competition and SRT makes the high nitrogen and phosphorus removal unable to be achieved simultaneously. As a result, the removal efficiency of the system cannot be further improved. In the past 10 years in China, the wastewater quality very obviously changed with the improvement of living conditions. At present, municipal wastewater with a low C/N ratio is rather common in most countries in the world. The lack of a carbon source will make the inherent contradictions of the A2/O process becomes serious. Therefore, the conventional design parameters of the A2/O process are needed to adjust or the configuration of the A2/O process should change to fit the change of the wastewater quality. According to this, this book systematically describes how to improve the nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency of municipal wastewater with low C/N ratio, and effectively utilize the carbon resource in the influent of wastewater. This publication is useful for students, researchers and engineers whose major focus is municipal and the environment"--
Download or read book Wastewater Treatment Reactors written by Maulin P. Shah and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-05-12 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wastewater Treatment Reactors: Microbial Community Structure analyzes microbial community structure in relation to changes in physico-chemical parameters, the gene content (metagenome) or gene expression (metatranscriptome) of microbial communities in relation to changes in physico-chemical parameters, physiological aspects of microbial communities, enrichment cultures or pure cultures of key species in relation to changes in physico-chemical parameters, and modeling of potential consequences of changes in microbial community structure or function for higher trophic levels in a given habitat. As several studies have been carried out to understand bulking phenomena and the importance of environmental factors on sludge settling characteristics, which are thought to be strongly influenced by flocculation, sludge bulking, foaming and rising, this book is an ideal resource on the topics covered. - Presents the state-of-the-art techniques and applications of omics tools in wastewater treatment reactors (WWTRs) - Describes both theoretical and practical knowledge surrounding the fundamental roles of microorganisms in WWTRs - Points out the reuse of treated wastewater through emerging technologies - Covers the economics of wastewater treatment and the development of suitable alternatives in terms of performance and cost effectiveness - Discusses cutting-edge molecular biological tools - Gives in-depth knowledge to study microbial community structure and function in wastewater treatment reactors
Download or read book A B processes Towards Energy Self sufficient Municipal Wastewater Treatment written by Yu Liu and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2019-11-15 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The principle of the conventional activated sludge (CAS) for municipal wastewater treatment is primarily based on biological oxidation by which organic matters are converted to biomass and carbon dioxide. After more than 100 years’ successful application, the CAS process is receiving increasing critiques on its high energy consumption and excessive sludge generation. Currently, almost all municipal wastewater treatment plants with the CAS as a core process are being operated in an energy-negative fashion. To tackle such challenging situations, there is a need to re-examine the present wastewater treatment philosophy by developing and adopting novel process configurations and emerging technologies. The solutions going forward should rely on the ways to improve direct energy recovery from wastewater, while minimizing in-plant energy consumption. This book begins with a critical overview of the energy situation and challenges in current municipal wastewater treatment plants, showing the necessity of the paradigm shift from removal to recovery in terms of energy and resource. As such, the concept of A-B process is discussed in detail in the book. It appears that various A-B process configurations are able to provide possible engineering solutions in which A-stage is primarily designed for COD capture with the aim for direct anaerobic treatment without producing excessive biosludge, while B-stage is designated for nitrogen removal. Making the wastewater treatment energy self-sustainable is obviously of global significance and eventually may become a game changer for the global market of the municipal wastewater reclamation technology. The principal audiences include practitioners, professionals, university researchers, undergraduate and postgraduate students who are interested and specialized in municipal wastewater treatment and process design, environmental engineering, and environmental biotechnology.
Download or read book Toward Energy Self sufficient Wastewater Treatment written by Natalie Beach and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many water resource recovery facilities (WRRF) around the world utilize biological processes for effective removal of nitrogen (N) from municipal waste; since biologically available N has been recognized as a significant pollutant in wastewater, is toxic to aquatic life and contributes to eutrophication. Over the past 30 years, discoveries of novel N-cycling microorganisms and biological pathways have been especially influential to energy-conscious WRRF research. Today, most biological N removal processes rely on extensive aeration for nitrification and organic carbon for denitrification; however, the high cost and loss of energy generating carbon associated with this type of treatment has propelled engineers and scientists to develop novel biological N treatment strategies that employ many of the newly discovered microorganisms and pathways. While energy-saving strategies are promising and have been employed full-scale, the microorganisms involved in some of these micro-aerobic N-cycling engineered ecosystems remain elusive. We have shown at the pilot-scale (treating full-scale primary effluent) that we can slowly transform an existing high-oxygen N-cycling microbial community to low oxygen concentrations, without loss of effluent quality, and with improved N removal efficiency [9]. Separate work with a bench-scale Madison Micro-Aerobic/AnoXic (MAD MA-AX) bioreactor has also shown that we can achieve up to 90% N removal with minimal aeration to treat the reject water from a struvite harvesting process. In both cases, we describe the key microorganisms contributing to N removal and discuss the factors that may lead to adaptation to microaerobic conditions.
Download or read book Innovative Wastewater Treatment Resource Recovery Technologies Impacts on Energy Economy and Environment written by Juan M. Lema and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2017-06-15 with total page 690 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the 3R concept applied to wastewater treatment and resource recovery under a double perspective. Firstly, it deals with innovative technologies leading to: Reducing energy requirements, space and impacts; Reusing water and sludge of sufficient quality; and Recovering resources such as energy, nutrients, metals and chemicals, including biopolymers. Besides targeting effective C,N&P removal, other issues such as organic micropollutants, gases and odours emissions are considered. Most of the technologies analysed have been tested at pilot- or at full-scale. Tools and methods for their Economic, Environmental, Legal and Social impact assessment are described. The 3R concept is also applied to Innovative Processes design, considering different levels of innovation: Retrofitting, where novel units are included in more conventional processes; Re-Thinking, which implies a substantial flowsheet modification; and Re-Imagining, with completely new conceptions. Tools are presented for Modelling, Optimising and Selecting the most suitable plant layout for each particular scenario from a holistic technical, economic and environmental point of view.
Download or read book Microbial Electrochemical Technologies written by Sonia M. Tiquia-Arashiro and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-01-06 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book encompasses the most updated and recent account of research and implementation of Microbial Electrochemical Technologies (METs) from pioneers and experienced researchers in the field who have been working on the interface between electrochemistry and microbiology/biotechnology for many years. It provides a holistic view of the METs, detailing the functional mechanisms, operational configurations, influencing factors governing the reaction process and integration strategies. The book not only provides historical perspectives of the technology and its evolution over the years but also the most recent examples of up-scaling and near future commercialization, making it a must-read for researchers, students, industry practitioners and science enthusiasts. Key Features: Introduces novel technologies that can impact the future infrastructure at the water-energy nexus. Outlines methodologies development and application of microbial electrochemical technologies and details out the illustrations of microbial and electrochemical concepts. Reviews applications across a wide variety of scales, from power generation in the laboratory to approaches. Discusses techniques such as molecular biology and mathematical modeling; the future development of this promising technology; and the role of the system components for the implementation of bioelectrochemical technologies for practical utility. Explores key challenges for implementing these systems and compares them to similar renewable energy technologies, including their efficiency, scalability, system lifetimes, and reliability.
