Download or read book Universal Service in a Competitive Local Exchange Telecommunications Environment written by Donald Gale and published by Universal-Publishers. This book was released on 2006-05-22 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The telecommunications industry has evolved into a very competitive industry since 1980. Aggressive competition is the norm in the long distance, equipment, operator services and many other segments of the industry. The remaining segment of the market without widespread meaningful competition is the "last-mile" wireline service to the customer premise. Incumbent local exchange carriers enjoy a monopoly to serve nearly all residences and most business customers, collecting over 99% of all local exchange service revenues. Using their monopoly status, incumbents have developed a cross-subsidy system which uses the rates paid by some customers to lower the rates paid by others to support a policy known as "universal service." This policy has resulted in telephone service reaching 94% of America's households. Carriers claim that this policy cost them $20 billion annually, potential entrants claim the true cost is as low as $4 billion and the rest is profit. In the Telecommunications Act of 1996, Congress ordered the end of the local exchange monopoly and opened the local markets to competition. Congress also specified the continuation of universal service, specified that telephone penetration should be increased and specified that the universal service concept will be applied to America's schools, libraries and rural health centers. Congress also specified that, unlike today, all carriers will contribute fairly and equitably fairly to the universal service fund and that all carriers providing local service, including new competitors, will be eligible to receive support from the fund. The cost to meet these requirements in a competitive environment totals $7.2 billion, or 5.1% of net carrier revenue. This thesis addresses the definition of universal service and the services that should be eligible for support, the new competitive environment, how to collect the universal service support fund, and how to best distribute the funds to customers targeted to receive support from the system: those in high-cost areas, low-income consumers, and schools and libraries for advanced communications services.
Download or read book Universal health coverage partnership annual report 2020 written by and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2022-04-05 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Universal Service written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Universal health coverage partnership annual report 2021 written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2023-04-11 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Theory of Universal Democracy written by L. Ali Khan and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2021-10-18 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Democracy is often associated with Western liberal values, such as free markets, individual rights and secularism. Some scholars assert that liberal democracy is the end of history. Disputing such claims, this work presents the concept of Universal Democracy to think beyond the values of Western democracy. A Theory of Universal Democracy empowers cultures and communities across the world to custom design democracy in consonance with their traditional values. For example, the book makes concrete proposals for Muslim countries to democratize their constitutions without accepting Western values and without violating the principles of Islamic law. More importantly, Universal Democracy further develops the idea of Free State, which the author first presented in his previous book, The Extinction of Nation-States. The proposed fusion of Universal Democracy and Free State is designed to revolutionize the classical theory of government and to offer a new paradigm that accommodates both universality and uniqueness.
Download or read book Global Diffusion of EHealth Making Universal Health Coverage Achievable written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2017-03-27 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This third global survey of the WHO Global Observatory for eHealth (GOe) investigated how eHealth can support universal health coverage(UHC) in Member States. A total of 125 countries participated in the survey ? a clear reflection of the growing interest in this area. The report considers eHealth foundations built through policy development funding approaches and capacity building in eHealth through the training of students and professionals. It then observes specific eHealth applications such as mHealth telehealth electronic health records systems and eLearning and how these contribute to the goals of UHC. Of interest is the extent to which legal frameworks protect patient privacy in EHRs as health care systems move towards to delivering safer more efficient and more accessible health care. Finally the rapidly emerging areas of social media for health care as well as big data for research and planning are reported.
Download or read book In Defense of Universal Human Rights written by Rhoda E. Howard-Hassmann and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-11-26 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Should African and Muslim-majority countries be obliged to protect LGBT rights, or do such rights violate their cultures? Should Western-based corporations be held liable if their security guards injure union activists in another part of the world, or should such decisions be settled under local or domestic law? In this book, renowned human rights scholar Rhoda E. Howard-Hassmann vigorously defends the universality of human rights, arguing that the entire range of rights is necessary for all individuals everywhere, regardless of sex, color, ethnicity, sexuality, religion or social class. Howard-Hassmann grounds her defense of universality in her conception of human dignity, which she maintains must include personal autonomy, equality, respect, recognition, and material security. Only social democracies, she contends, can be considered fully rights-protective states. Taking issue with scholars who argue that human rights are “Western” quasi-imperialist impositions on states in the global South, and risk undermining community and social obligation, Howard-Hassmann explains how human rights support communities and can only be preserved if states and individuals observe their duties to protect them.
Download or read book Report of the International Geographical Congress written by and published by . This book was released on 1896 with total page 1142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Universal Acess in Human Computer Interaction Coping with Diversity written by Constantine Stephanidis and published by Springer. This book was released on 2007-08-24 with total page 1056 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first of a three-volume set that constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction, UAHCI 2007, held in Beijing, China. It covers designing for universal access, universal access methods, techniques and tools, understanding motor diversity, perceptual and cognitive abilities, as well as understanding age diversity.
Download or read book The International Steam Engineer written by and published by . This book was released on 1904 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers Vol V written by Marcus Garvey and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2023-09-01 with total page 946 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fifth volume of this monumental series chronicles what was perhaps the stormiest period in the history of Marcus Garvey and the UNIA: the aftermath of the tumultuous 1922 convention. Outside the UNIA a growing list of opponents, including the black Socialists A. Philip Randolph and Chandler Owen, and the NAACP's Robert Bagnall and William Pickens, were turning their criticism of the controversial Jamaican into a "Garvey Must Go" campaign. Meanwhile, Garvey's former UNIA ally, Rev. J. W. H. Eason-who had been impeached at the 1922 convention-was emerging as a dangerous rival. Eason was assassinated in January 1923, just as he was to testify against Garvey in the latter's mail-fraud trial. Though it may be impossible to determine if Garvey had a role in the killing, the murder generated negative publicity that did untold damage to Garvey and his organization. Throughout all this, the federal government pressed its case against Garvey and his co-defendants on mail-fraud charges stemming from irregularities in the sale of Black Star Line stock. In June 1923 a jury found Garvey guilty and he was sentenced to five years in prison. Internecine feuds wracked the movement while Garvey languished in New York City's Tombs prison, awaiting bail so that he could mount an appeal. As soon as he was released in September 1923, he turned his energy to reconsolidating the UNIA. while considering the best appeal strategy. For the UNIA Garvey resurrected an old commercial message: that economic salvation was to be found in ships. In March 1924 he reconstituted the defunct Black Star Line as the Black Cross Navigation and Trading Co. and bought a ship, the S. S. General Goethals, in time for a tour of it by convention delegates. The shipboard tour proved to be a highlight of the 1924 convention, during which UNIA leadership was stunned by the Liberian government's formal repudiation of the movement's African colonization plans. Despite the UNIA's unexpected setback in Liberia, the movement continued to spread into new places, particularly in America's southern states. Generously illustrated with photographs and facsimile documents, Volume V of The Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers upholds the impeccable editorial standards of the first four volumes. Once again, a wealth of new sources collected from around the world demonstrates how vitally important Marcus Garvey and the mass movement he controlled were to Afro-American history.
Download or read book The Late Medieval Cult of the Saints written by Carmen Florea and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-11-11 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a book that explores the nature of sainthood in a region at the margins of medieval Latin Christendom. Defining the model of sanctity that characterized Transylvania between the fourteenth and sixteenth centuries, the study considers how the cults of saints functioned within specific local social and cultural contexts. Analyzing case studies from a multi-ethnic region influenced by both the Latin and Eastern Christian traditions, this book provides a close reading of little-surveyed primary sources and offers a comprehensive understanding of sainthood in Transylvania, enhancing the broader study of medieval saints’ cults and their relationship to social power structures. It will be of great interest to scholars of medieval religion, researchers in medieval studies, and religious studies scholars engaged in comparative research.
Download or read book The Universal Periodic Review of Southeast Asia written by James Gomez and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-14 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research presented in this book provides a stakeholder analysis of human rights protection at a time when the region appears to be regressing into an insidious and deep authoritarianism. As political space shrinks in Southeast Asia, the book provides an insight into how civil society engaged with the Universal Periodic Review (UPR) of the United Nations Human Rights Council during the first (2008-2011) and second (2012-2016) cycles. Through evidence-based research, the authors in this volume identify gaps in human rights reporting and advocacy during the UPR, notably on civil and political issues such as the right to life, freedom of expression, freedom of religion and belief, extrajudicial killings, arbitrary detention and claims for greater autonomy. In short, The Universal Periodic Review of Southeast Asia: Civil Society Perspectives, highlights the need for more engagement on civil and political issues during the third cycle of the UPR in 2017-2020. Failing this, the UPR process risks being reduced to a platform where civil society only engages on issues that States are willing to cooperate on. If this is the case, Southeast Asia's democratic transition will suffer a long term set back.
Download or read book Global Competency and Outcomes Framework for Universal Health Coverage written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2022-03-31 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book International Perspectives on the Goals of Universal Basic and Secondary Education written by Joel E. Cohen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-12-04 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although universal schooling has been adopted as a goal by international organizations, national governments, and non-profit organizations, little sustained international attention has been devoted to the purposes or goals of universal education. This book offers diverse views from experts around the world on the purposes of universal education.
Download or read book Universal Jurisdiction written by Stephen Macedo and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Universal jurisdiction is becoming a potent instrument of international law, but it is poorly understood by legal experts and remains a mystery to most public officials and citizens.
Download or read book Universal International Global written by Antje Kempe and published by Böhlau Köln. This book was released on 2023-01-23 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of articles explores a possible alternative beginning of Global Art History and World Art Studies, two methodologies that set a worldwide focus in the study of art around the 2000s. Teaching back to earlier efforts to conceive of the international community in a less Eurocentric way, the volume proposes a tentative link between socialist internationalism as a political and cultural diplomatic principle in the Soviet Block and some new approaches to art and cultural historiography introduced there. In the "Second World", universal art history or Weltkunstgeschichte were endorsed as frameworks for the teaching and writing of art history. Authors in this book interrogate whether "world art history" as practiced by socialist scholars had aspirations and achievements comparable to today's Global Art History and World Art Studies. Or was this knowledge production in an internationalist paradigm a mere foil for communist rhetoric, behind which severed cultural relations to the Western world could also be recommenced?
