Download or read book Live Cell Assays written by Christophe Furger and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-07-14 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cell assays include all methods of measurements on living cells. Confined for a long time to research laboratories, these emerging methods have, in recent years, found industrial applications that are increasingly varied and, from now on, regulatory. Based on the recent explosion of knowledge in cell biology, the measurement of living cells represents a new class of industry-oriented research tests, the applications of which continue to multiply (pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, environment, etc.). Cellular tests are now being positioned as new tools at the interface between chemical methods, which are often obsolete and not very informative, and methods using animal models, which are expensive, do not fit with human data and are widely discussed from an ethical perspective. Finally, the development of cell assays is currently being strengthened by their being put into regulatory application, particularly in Europe through the REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals) and cosmetic directives.
Download or read book Live cell Analysis Handbook written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essen BioScience, Inc, a Sartorius Company, advances live-cell research world wide with the IncuCyte Live-Cell Analysis System. The InuCyte system and suite of assays automatically collect and analyse images and data in real time - while cells remain undisturbed inside a standard incubator.
Download or read book Imaging and Spectroscopic Analysis of Living Cells written by P. Michael Conn and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume of Methods in Enzymology is the third of 3 parts looking at current methodology for the imaging and spectroscopic analysis of live cells. The chapters provide hints and tricks not available in primary research publications. It is an invaluable resource for academics, researchers and students alike. Publisher's note.
Download or read book Live Cell Assays written by Christophe Furger and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-07-14 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cell assays include all methods of measurements on living cells. Confined for a long time to research laboratories, these emerging methods have, in recent years, found industrial applications that are increasingly varied and, from now on, regulatory. Based on the recent explosion of knowledge in cell biology, the measurement of living cells represents a new class of industry-oriented research tests, the applications of which continue to multiply (pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, environment, etc.). Cellular tests are now being positioned as new tools at the interface between chemical methods, which are often obsolete and not very informative, and methods using animal models, which are expensive, do not fit with human data and are widely discussed from an ethical perspective. Finally, the development of cell assays is currently being strengthened by their being put into regulatory application, particularly in Europe through the REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals) and cosmetic directives.
Download or read book Applications of Immunocytochemistry written by Hesam Dehghani and published by IntechOpen. This book was released on 2012-03-09 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Immunocytochemistry is classically defined as a procedure to detect antigens in cellular contexts using antibodies. However, over the years many aspects of this procedure have evolved within a plethora of experimental setups. There are different ways to prepare a given specimen, different kinds of antibodies to apply, different techniques for imaging, and different methods of analyzing the data. In this book, various ways of performing each individual step of immunocytochemistry in different cellular contexts are exemplified and discussed. Applications of Immunocytochemistry offers technical and background information on different steps of immunocytochemistry and presents the application of this technique and its adaptations in cell lines, neural tissue, pancreatic tissue, sputum cells, sperm cells, preimplantation embryo, arabidopsis, fish gonads, and Leishmania.
Download or read book Dietary Sugars written by Victor R Preedy and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2012-10-23 with total page 937 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dietary sugars are known to have medical implications for humans from causing dental caries to obesity. This book aims to put dietary sugars in context and includes the chemistry of several typical subclasses eg glucose, galactose and maltose. Modern techniques of analysis of the dietary sugars are covered in detail including self monitoring and uses of biosensors. The final section of the book details the function and effects of dietary sugars and includes chapters on obesity, intestinal transport, aging, liver function, diet of young children and intolerance and more. Written by an expert team and delivering high quality information, this book provides a fascinating insight into this area of health and nutritional science. It bridges scientific disciplines so that the information is more meaningful and applicable to health in general. Part of a series of books, it is specifically designed for chemists, analytical scientists, forensic scientists, food scientists, dieticians and health care workers, nutritionists, toxicologists and research academics. Due to its interdisciplinary nature it could also be suitable for lecturers and teachers in food and nutritional sciences and as a college or university library reference guide.
Download or read book Evaluation of Cellular Processes by In Vitro Assays written by Taseen Gul and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2018-07-03 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook presents information on different cell culture assays which can be used to perform experimental analysis. Readers are introduced to the basics of in vitro cell cultures followed by a comparative analysis of different experimental protocols designed to detect cellular processes (such as apoptosis, protein-protein interactions, cytotoxicity, gene transfer). Chapters present information on the basics of specific experimental techniques as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the presented methods. Students and scholars who require an understanding of the basic fundamentals of cellular assays.
Download or read book Cell Imaging Techniques written by Douglas J. Taatjes and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-04 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A diverse collection of state-of-the-art methods for the microscopic imaging of cells and molecules. The authors cover a wide spectrum of complimentary techniques, including such methods as fluorescence microscopy, electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and laser scanning cytometry. Additional readily reproducible protocols on confocal scanning laser microscopy, quantitative computer-assisted image analysis, laser-capture microdissection, microarray image scanning, near-field scanning optical microscopy, and reflection contrast microscopy round out this eclectic collection of cutting-edge imaging techniques now available. The authors also discuss preparative methods for particles and cells by transmission electron microscopy.
Download or read book Angiogenesis Assays written by Carolyn A. Staton and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-01-11 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Angiogenesis, the development of new blood vessels from the existing vasculature, is essential for physiological growth and over 18,000 research articles have been published describing the role of angiogenesis in over 70 different diseases, including cancer, diabetic retinopathy, rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. One of the most important technical challenges in such studies has been finding suitable methods for assessing the effects of regulators of eh angiogenic response. While increasing numbers of angiogenesis assays are being described both in vitro and in vivo, it is often still necessary to use a combination of assays to identify the cellular and molecular events in angiogenesis and the full range of effects of a given test protein. Although the endothelial cell - its migration, proliferation, differentiation and structural rearrangement - is central to the angiogenic process, it is not the only cell type involved. the supporting cells, the extracellular matrix and the circulating blood with its cellular and humoral components also contribute. In this book, experts in the use of a diverse range of assays outline key components of these and give a critical appraisal of their strengths and weaknesses. Examples include assays for the proliferation, migration and differentiation of endothelial cells in vitro, vessel outgrowth from organ cultures, assessment of endothelial and mural cell interactions, and such in vivo assays as the chick chorioallantoic membrane, zebrafish, corneal, chamber and tumour angiogenesis models. These are followed by a critical analysis of the biological end-points currently being used in clinical trials to assess the clinical efficacy of anti-angiogenic drugs, which leads into a discussion of the direction future studies should take. This valuable book is of interest to research scientists currently working on angiogenesis in both the academic community and in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries. Relevant disciplines include cell and molecular biology, oncology, cardiovascular research, biotechnology, pharmacology, pathology and physiology.
Download or read book Molecular Biology of the Cell written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Label Free Monitoring of Cells in vitro written by Joachim Wegener and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-18 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is dedicated to label-free, non-invasive monitoring of cell-based assays and it comprises the most widely applied techniques. Each approach is described and critically evaluated by an expert in the field such that researchers get an overview on what is possible and where the limitations are. The book provides the theoretical basis for each technique as well as the most successful and exciting applications. Label-free bioanalytical techniques have been known for a long time as valuable tools to monitor adsorption processes at the solid-liquid interface in general – and biomolecular interaction analysis (BIA) in particular. The underlying concepts have been progressively transferred to the analysis of cell-based assays. The strength of these approaches is implicitly given with the name 'label-free': the readout is independent of any label, reagent or additive that contaminates the system under study and potentially affects its properties. Thus, label-free techniques provide an unbiased analytical perspective in the sense that the sample is not manipulated by additives but pure. They are commonly based on physical principles and read changes in integral physical properties of the sample like refractive index, conductivity, capacitance or elastic modulus to mention just a few. Even though it is not implied in the name, label-free approaches usually monitor the cells under study non-invasively meaning that the amplitude of the signal (e.g. electric field strength, mechanical elongation) that is used for the measurement is too low to interfere or affect. In contrast to label-based analytical techniques that are commonly restricted to a single reading at a predefined time point, label-free approaches allow for a continuous observation so that the dynamics of the biological system or reaction become accessible.
Download or read book Mammalian Cell Viability written by Martin J. Stoddart and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2011-04-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whether the question is one of basic cell survival, or whether it is being used to correlate cell number to some other factor such as matrix synthesis, an estimate of cell viability is universally required. In Mammalian Cell Viability: Methods and Protocols, experts in the field describe methods from the most basic which can be performed in any laboratory, to some which require specific pieces of equipment. Initially focusing on methods for monolayer and suspension cells, later chapters describe methods for determining viability within tissue sections and 3 dimensional culture systems. Finally, methods requiring highly specialized equipment are described in order to explain what is possible. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and vital tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Practical and adaptable, Mammalian Cell Viability: Methods and Protocols serves as a self-contained laboratory manual useful to both experienced researchers and those new to this incredibly important and influential field.
Download or read book High Content Screening written by D. Lansing Taylor and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-04 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There has always been some tension between proponents of hypothesis-driven and discovery-driven research in the broad field of life sciences. Academic research has been primarily focused on hypothesis-driven research. However, the success of the human genome project, a discovery-driven research approach, has opened the door to adding other types of discovery-driven research to a continuum of research approaches. In contrast, drug discovery research in the pharmaceutical industry has embraced discovery-driven research for many years. A good example has been the discovery of active compounds from large chemical libraries, through screening campaigns. The success of the human genome project has also demonstrated the need for both academic researchers and industrial researchers to now understand the functions of genes and gene products. The cell is the basic unit of life and it has been at the cellular level where function can be demonstrated most cost-effectively and rapidly. High content screening (HCS) was developed by Cellomics Inc. in the mid-1990s to address the need for a platform that could be used in the discovery-driven research and development required to understand the functions of genes and gene products at the level of the cell.
Download or read book Live Cell Imaging Cell Tracking and Lineage Analysis as a Tool to Investigate Dynamic Culture Processes in Heterogeneous Cell Systems written by Duane R. Moogk and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Live cell imaging can be used to study dynamic cellular systems at single cell resolution. In heterogeneous cell populations, analyzing cell properties at the single cell level reduces the generalization of results caused by population-based assays. This thesis details the implementation of live cell imaging and single cell tracking to characterize heterogeneous cell systems undergoing dynamic processes over multiple generations. This approach enables the consideration of both spatial and temporal variables as well as the mapping of cell phenotype trajectories along their generational lineages. Cell-, lineage-, and colony-level properties are used as descriptors of the underlying molecular mechanisms that they are produced by. These may be unexpected, emergent properties that can not be predicted or completely characterized at the molecular level. Analysis of these properties can reveal and characterize the properties and processes of dynamic, heterogeneous cell systems. Live cell imaging culture strategies were developed to enable characterization of both two- and three-dimensional cell systems. Computational modeling was performed to evaluate the conditions imposed by a confined imaging chamber that enables single cell resolution imaging of monolayer and multilayer cell systems. Imaging chamber dimensions and cell colony/aggregate sizes were calculated that would prevent the introduction of metabolite transport limitations and allow for stable, long term imaging. Methods for single cell tracking and analysis were also developed, which produces a database detailing the tracked, observed and extracted properties of every cell and colony, while maintaining the lineage structure of the data. Visualizations such as lineages, histograms and scatter plots were implemented to enable interactive data analysis and querying. These methods were used to characterize heterogeneity in two separate cell systems: human islet of Langerhans-derived progenitor cells, and human embryonic stem cells. Islet-derived progenitors are an expandable source of cells with potential for treatment of diabetes. Here, it was shown that there is an unequal contribution of islets to the progenitor derivation process. Islet-derived progenitors consist of two distinct sub-populations of cells that were distinguished by morphological identification during live cell image analysis. These sub-populations possess unique proliferation profiles and appear to exist in a dynamic state with each other. Three-dimensional tracking of islet progenitor derivation was implemented, but suffered from a lack of resolution to capture the dynamic nature of the transformation process. However, entire islets were imaged and tracked successfully under maintenance conditions, suggesting that this system may be useful for other cell types. These results highlight that live cell imaging and cell tracking may not be suitable for all cell systems and that inclusion of other analytical information, such as immunocytochemistry, would improve the power of cell tracking analysis. Human embryonic stem cell cultures were studied using live cell imaging to identify the mechanisms by which they differentiate to produce supportive niche cells. Cell tracking, morphology scoring and lineage analysis revealed a previously unappreciated level of heterogeneity within human embryonic stem cell colonies. The results show that a sub-population of human embryonic stem cells exist that are precursors to niche cell differentiation. However, these cells exist in a dynamic equilibrium with self-renewing stem cells, which is dependant on the presence of existing local niche cells. Sub-optimal niche conditions leads to the production of niche differentiation-competent cells and, significantly, considerable cell death. The effect of cell death is the clonal selection of self-renewing cells that contribute to colony expansion. Overall, these results highlight the importance of the co-transfer of existing niche cells and the dynamic balance that regulates human embryonic stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. This thesis displays the utility of live cell imaging, cell tracking and cell, colony and lineage analysis for studying dynamic heterogeneous systems. Furthermore, it highlight the fact that cell-, lineage- and colony-level analysis can uncover previously unappreciated heterogeneity and unknown sub-populations of cells. The system does not rely on characterization at the molecular level, but uses higher order measures to generalize them. However, future incorporation of cell, lineage and colony information with molecular-level information may results in analytical power not possible from either level alone. Such systems will be valuable tools in the growing fields of stem cell biology and systems biology.
Download or read book NETosis At the Intersection of Cell Biology Microbiology and Immunology written by Mariana J. Kaplan and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on 2013-08-08 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NETosis is a unique form of cell death that is characterized by the release of decondensed chromatin and granular contents to the extracellular space. The initial observation of NETosis placed the process within the context of the innate immune response to infections. Neutrophils, the most numerous leukocytes that arrive quickly at the site of an infection, were the first cell type shown to undergo extracellular trap formation. However, subsequent studies showed that other granulocytes are also capable of releasing nuclear chromatin following stimulation. The extracellular chromatin acts to immobilize microbes and prevent their dispersal in the host. Bacterial breakdown products and inflammatory stimuli induce NETosis and the release of NETs requires enzyme activities. Histones in NET chromatin become modified by peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) and cleaved at specific sites by proteases. NETs serve for attachment of bactericidal enzymes including myeloperoxidase, leukocyte proteases, and the cathelicidin LL-37. While the benefit of NETs in an infection appears clear, NETs also figure prominently at the center of various pathologic states. Therefore, it is important for NETs to be efficiently cleared; else digestive enzymes may gain access to tissues where inflammation takes place. Persistent NET exposure at sites of inflammation may lead to a further complication: NET antigens may provoke acquired immune responses and, over time, could initiate autoimmune reactions. Recent studies identified aberrant NET synthesis and/or clearance in inflammatory/autoimmune conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), psoriasis, ANCA-positive vasculitis, gout and Felty’s syndrome. In the case of SLE, for example, it appears that LL-37 exposed in the NETs may be a significant trigger of type I Interferon responses in this disease. Recent evidence also implicates aberrant NET formation in the development of endothelial damage, atherosclerosis and thrombosis. NETosis is thus of interest to researchers who investigate innate immune responses, host-pathogen interactions, chronic inflammatory disorders, cell and vascular biology, biochemistry, and autoimmunity. As we approach the 10-year-anniversary of the initial discovery of NETosis, it is useful and timely to review the so far identified mechanisms and pathways of NET formation, their role in bacterial and fungal defense and their putative importance as inducers of autoimmune responses. We look forward to a rich and rigorous discussion of these and related issues that benefit from interdisciplinary approaches, collaborations and exciting discoveries.
Download or read book Culture of Animal Cells written by R. Ian Freshney and published by Wiley-Liss. This book was released on 1993-12-29 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This masterful third edition of Freshney's Culture of Animal Cells updates and considerably expands the scope of its predecessor and still enables both the novice and the experiences researcher to apply the basic and more sophisticated techniques of tissue culture. New Topics covered include: the use of molecular techniques in cell culture, such as DNA fingerprinting, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and chromosome painting cell interactions in cell culture new methods for separating cells new or refined methods for accessing cytotoxicity, viability, and mutagenicity experimental details for culture of specialized cells types not covered in previous editions new or refined techniques for visualizing clues, including time-lapse photography and confocal microscopy The revised and expanded third edition offers the following features: over 350 new reference to the primary literature an international list of cell banks an international listing of reagants and commercial supplies a subject index a glossary Also available: 0471169021 Culture of Animal Cells: A Multimedia Guide CD-ROM $150 est. From the reviews: "I strongly recommend this volume for any laboratory wishing to culture mammalian cells" - Biotechnology "It is not very often that it is possible to say of a book, 'I don't know how I managed without it previously.' Here is such a book" - Cell Biology International Reports
Download or read book Cellular In Vitro Testing written by John Haycock and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-08-27 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Growing cells in 2D under static conditions has long been the gold standard of cell culture, despite this method not being representative of the complex in vivo environment. The use of animal models also has clear ethical and scientific limitations, and increasingly the 3Rs (replacement, refinement, reduction) in relation to animal models are being
