Download or read book Lignin Conversion Catalysis written by Chaofeng Zhang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-08-19 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lignin Conversion Catalysis Authoritative reference providing comprehensive knowledge on the lignin conversion process with recent developments of mechanisms and techniques Lignin Conversion Catalysis: Transformation to Aromatic Chemicals covers the strategy, catalysis, and mechanisms of cleaving lignin linkages to aromatic chemicals and crucially elaborates on the specifics of multiple original lignins. Sample topics covered in the work include: Lignin depolymerization, models, and techniques of various lignins by heterogeneous substrates (such as native lignins, Kraft lignins, and organosolv lignins) Cleavage methods for lignins (such as oxidation and hydrogenation) as well as their main products (such as arenes, phenol, and acid) Relationships among the strategy/method, catalyst, and mechanism when viewed from the cleavage order and the type of corresponding chemical bonds Commercial components of lignin, a globally available raw material with many applications in drug design, polymers, and more Organic chemists, polymer chemists, and chemical engineers can use the valuable information contained in Lignin Conversion Catalysis: Transformation to Aromatic Chemicals to get up to date on this new raw material and understand the various developments that have been made in the field to make it viable for industrial purposes.
Download or read book Nanotechnology in Catalysis written by Bert Sels and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-06-21 with total page 1500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reflecting the R&D efforts in the field that have resulted in a plethora of novel applications over the past decade, this handbook gives a comprehensive overview of the tangible benefits of nanotechnology in catalysis. By bridging fundamental research and industrial development, it provides a unique perspective on this scientifically and economically important field. While the first three parts are devoted to preparation and characterization of nanocatalysts, the final three provide in-depth insights into their applications in the fine chemicals industry, the energy industry, and for environmental protection, with expert authors reporting on real-life applications that are on the brink of commercialization. Timely reading for catalytic chemists, materials scientists, chemists in industry, and process engineers.
Download or read book Chemical Catalysts for Biomass Upgrading written by Mark Crocker and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-03-09 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive reference to the use of innovative catalysts and processes to turn biomass into value-added chemicals Chemical Catalysts for Biomass Upgrading offers detailed descriptions of catalysts and catalytic processes employed in the synthesis of chemicals and fuels from the most abundant and important biomass types. The contributors?noted experts on the topic?focus on the application of catalysts to the pyrolysis of whole biomass and to the upgrading of bio-oils. The authors discuss catalytic approaches to the processing of biomass-derived oxygenates, as exemplified by sugars, via reactions such as reforming, hydrogenation, oxidation, and condensation reactions. Additionally, the book provides an overview of catalysts for lignin valorization via oxidative and reductive methods and considers the conversion of fats and oils to fuels and terminal olefins by means of esterification/transesterification, hydrodeoxygenation, and decarboxylation/decarbonylation processes. The authors also provide an overview of conversion processes based on terpenes and chitin, two emerging feedstocks with a rich chemistry, and summarize some of the emerging trends in the field. This important book: -Provides a comprehensive review of innovative catalysts, catalytic processes, and catalyst design -Offers a guide to one of the most promising ways to find useful alternatives for fossil fuel resources -Includes information on the most abundant and important types of biomass feedstocks -Examines fields such as catalytic cracking, pyrolysis, depolymerization, and many more Written for catalytic chemists, process engineers, environmental chemists, bioengineers, organic chemists, and polymer chemists, Chemical Catalysts for Biomass Upgrading presents deep insights on the most important aspects of biomass upgrading and their various types.
Download or read book Lignin Valorization written by Gregg T. Beckham and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2018-03-29 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Chapters will specifically focus on the production of fuels and chemicals from lignin."--Page [4] of cover.
Download or read book Biomass Biofuels Biochemicals written by Thallada Bhaskar and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-02-09 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomass, Biofuels, Biochemicals: Lignin Biorefinery discusses the scientific and technical information relating to the structure and physico-chemical characteristics of lignin. The book covers the different processes (biological, thermal and catalytic routes) available for lignin conversion into specialty chemicals or fuels, activity relationships, and how optimized process parameters help establish the feasible size of the commercial plant in a centralized or decentralized model. In addition, the advantages and limitations of different technologies are discussed, considering local energy, chemicals, biopolymers, drug intermediates, activated carbons, and much more. Includes information on the most advanced and innovative processes for lignin conversion Covers information on biochemical and thermo-chemical processes for lignin valorization Provides information on lignin chemistry and its conversion into high value chemicals and fuels Presents a book designed as a text book, not merely a collection of research articles
Download or read book Lignin Utilization Strategies written by Chang Geun Yoo and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging applications of lignin Lignin has great potential as a sustainable, renewable resource for aromatic molecules that can be used in downstream applications. However, its natural heterogeneity and complexity are substantial barriers to its efficient utilization. Industrial lignin, a byproduct from the pulping and biorefinery industries, is usually burned or directly discharged as waste. This work provides a comprehensive exploration of recent lignin utilization strategies with chapters written by experts from agricultural science and engineering, biotechnology, biology, catalysis, chemical engineering, chemistry, wood science, and other related fields.
Download or read book Lignin Chemistry written by Yuhe Liao and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-05-31 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lignin Chemistry A thorough reference guide to Lignin Chemistry, from inherent structure revealing to transformation into chemicals, fuels, and materials Climate change, driven by rising greenhouse gas emissions, is the defining challenge of our time. Reducing our dependence on non-renewable resources such as fossil fuels will require alternative, more sustainable resources. Lignin, the only widely-occurring, renewable, aromatic bio-polymer in Nature, has a range of application potential in the production of chemicals, fuels, and other industrial materials. Lignin science has become one of the fastest-growing and most significant areas of sustainable chemistry in the world. Lignin Chemistry: Characterization, Isolation, and Valorization presents a systematic, multidisciplinary overview of this cutting-edge field and its current state of research. Beginning with a robust characterization of lignin, the book addresses the isolation and transformation of lignin, as well as the book inspires with a plethora of applications. The result is a critical resource for researchers and professionals in any area of academic or industry where renewable biomass, in particular lignin, has importance. Lignin Chemistry readers will find: Thermochemical and catalytic strategies for lignin conversion Detailed discussion of the valorization of lignin towards biopolymers, nanoparticles, carbon fibers and materials, and hydrogels An authorial team with immense and varied research experience Lignin Chemistry is ideal for chemical engineers, catalytic chemists, biochemists, material scientists, and analytical chemists in industry.
Download or read book Reaction Pathways and Mechanisms in Thermocatalytic Biomass Conversion II written by Marcel Schlaf and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-30 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume II presents the latest advances in catalytic hydrodeoxygenation and other transformations of some cellulosic platform chemicals to high value-added products. It presents the theoretical evaluation of the energetics and catalytic species involved in potential pathways of catalyzed carbohydrate conversion, pathways leading to the formation of humin-based by-products, and thermal pathways in deriving chemicals from lignin pyrolysis and hydrodeoxygenation. Catalytic gasification of biomass under extreme thermal conditions as an extension of pyrolysis is also discussed. Marcel Schlaf, PhD, is a Professor at the Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Canada. Z. Conrad Zhang, PhD, is a Professor at the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
Download or read book Reductive Conversion of Lignin to Aromatic Chemicals with Earth Abundant Catalysts written by Eric Michael Anderson (Ph. D.) and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The viability of lignocellulosic biomass as a feedstock for chemicals hinges on the successful utilization of the lignin. Lignin, which comprises 15-30 wt% of biomass, is an amorphous polymer composed of multiple phenolic monomers. Lignin polymerization occurs through an uncontrolled radical coupling of monomers leading to an array of C-O and C-C bonds in the polymer. As such, lignin is highly recalcitrant and is responsible for the poor utilization of biomass. Many harsh thermochemical processes exist to extract lignin, but typically result in the destruction and condensation of the lignin rendering it as process waste. Alternative fractionation techniques focused on preserving lignin have recently been developed. These methods utilize reduction catalysts to depolymerize and stabilize reactive lignin fragments to produce stable phenols. This work focuses on the design of flow reactors to understand this process, evaluate catalysts and elucidate how structural changes in biomass impact lignin depolymerization and upgrading. Our lignin conversion process operates by adding a heterogeneous reduction catalyst with whole biomass, a solvent and a reducing agent. Two key steps were discovered in the reductive conversion of lignin. First, lignin oligomers are liberated from the biomass by solvolytic cleavage of lignin-carbohydrate bonds. Next, lignin oligomers are reductively fragmented at the catalyst surface to produce stable phenolic compounds. Lignin solvolysis and reduction were physically separated in a dual-bed flow-through reactor, which allows for independent control of each step. Direct control of lignin solvolysis and reduction allowed for limiting conditions to be isolated. Reduction limited conditions were used to study catalyst activity and stability. Solvolysis limiting conditions were used to probe how lignin structure influences product selectivity and yield. Additionally, molybdenum-based catalysts were developed for the conversion of lignin-derived phenols into aromatics. Gas phase reactions with n-propyl guaiacol demonstrated that molybdenum polyoxometalates are effective catalysts to perform simultaneous alkylationhydrodeoxygenation to produce alkylated aromatics from phenolics. Finally, the dual-bed reactor was used to combine reductive fractionation and deoxygenation chemistry to directly convert lignin into aromatics over a molybdenum carbide catalyst. Overall, a versatile reactor system was developed to facilitate fundamental studies to understand biomass structure and catalyst performance.
Download or read book Biorefineries A Step Towards Renewable and Clean Energy written by Pradeep Verma and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-01-04 with total page 623 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive account of past, present and future of the biomass based biorefineries. It is an all-inclusive and insightful compilation of recent advancements in the technology and methods used for conversion of biomass to bioenergy and other useful biochemicals. The book also focuses on the limitations of existing technologies and provides the future prospects, as well as discusses socio-economic impact of biomass based biorefineries. This book assists researchers in the area of lignocellulosic biorefineries and can be used by the students, scientist and academician as an advanced reference textbook.
Download or read book Handbook of Biomass Valorization for Industrial Applications written by Shahid ul-Islam and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-01-05 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: HANDBOOK of BIOMASS VALORIZATION for INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS The handbook provides a comprehensive view of cutting-edge research on biomass valorization, from advanced fabrication methodologies through useful derived materials, to current and potential application sectors. Industrial sectors, such as food, textiles, petrochemicals and pharmaceuticals, generate massive amounts of waste each year, the disposal of which has become a major issue worldwide. As a result, implementing a circular economy that employs sustainable practices in waste management is critical for any industry. Moreover, fossil fuels, which are the primary sources of fuel in the transportation sector, are also being rapidly depleted at an alarming rate. Therefore, to combat these global issues without increasing our carbon footprint, we must look for renewable resources to produce chemicals and biomaterials. In that context, agricultural waste materials are gaining popularity as cost-effective and abundantly available alternatives to fossil resources for the production of a variety of value-added products, including renewable fuels, fuel components, and fuel additives. Handbook of Biomass Valorization for Industrial Applications investigates current and emerging feedstocks, as well as provides in-depth technical information on advanced catalytic processes and technologies that enable the development of all possible alternative energy sources. The 22 chapters of this book comprehensively cover the valorization of agricultural wastes and their various uses in value-added applications like energy, biofuels, fertilizers, and wastewater treatment. Audience The book is intended for a very broad audience working in the fields of materials sciences, chemical engineering, nanotechnology, energy, environment, chemistry, etc. This book will be an invaluable reference source for the libraries in universities and industrial institutions, government and independent institutes, individual research groups, and scientists working in the field of valorization of biomass.
Download or read book Conversion of Lignin into Bio Based Chemicals and Materials written by Chunbao Xu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-05 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an overview of various types of lignin and their unique structures and properties, as well as utilizations of crude or modified technical lignin for high-value bioproducts such as lignin-based PF resins/adhesives, epoxy resins, PF foams, PU foams, rubber reinforcement and carbon fibers and as dispersants in drilling fluids in the oil and gas industry. It subsequently discusses various thermal/chemical modification techniques (pyrolysis, direct liquefaction and de-polymerization) for converting lignin into oils and chemical feedstocks, and the utilization of crude lignin, lignin-derived oils or depolymerized lignins (DLs) of reduced molecular weights and improved reactivity to produce lignin-based PF resins/adhesives, PF/PU foams and epoxy resins. The book will interest and benefit a broad readership (graduate students, academic researchers, industrial researchers and practitioners) in various fields of science and technology (chemical engineering, biotechnology, chemistry, material science, forestry, etc.). Chunbao (Charles) Xu, PhD, is currently a Professor of Chemical Engineering and NSERC/FPInnovations Industrial Research Chair in Forest Biorefinery at the University of Western Ontario, Canada. Fatemeh Ferdosian, PhD, is currently a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Waterloo, Canada.
Download or read book Lignin and Lignans as Renewable Raw Materials written by Francisco G. Calvo-Flores and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-08-11 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As naturally occurring and abundant sources of non-fossil carbon, lignin and lignans offer exciting possibilities as a source of commercially valuable products, moving away from petrochemical-based feedstocks in favour of renewable raw materials. Lignin can be used directly in fields such as agriculture, livestock, soil rehabilitation, bioremediation and the polymer industry, or it can be chemically modified for the fabrication of specialty and high-value chemicals such as resins, adhesives, fuels and greases. Lignin and Lignans as Renewable Raw Materials presents a multidisciplinary overview of the state-of-the-art and future prospects of lignin and lignans. The book discusses the origin, structure, function and applications of both types of compounds, describing the main resources and values of these products as carbon raw materials. Topics covered include: • Structure and physicochemical properties • Lignin detection methods • Biosynthesis of lignin • Isolation methods • Characterization and modification of lignins • Applications of modified and unmodified lignins • Lignans: structure, chemical and biological properties • Future perspectives This book is a comprehensive resource for researchers, scientists and engineers in academia and industry working on new possibilities for the application of renewable raw materials. For more information on the Wiley Series in Renewable Resources, visit www.wiley.com/go/rrs
Download or read book Lignin written by Matheus Poletto and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-03-21 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lignin - Trends and Applications consists of 11 chapters related to the lignin structure, modification, depolymerization, degradation process, computational modeling, and applications. This is a useful book for readers from diverse areas, such as physics, chemistry, biology, materials science, and engineering. It is expected that this book may expand the reader's knowledge about this complex natural polymer.
Download or read book Catalytic Conversion of Lignin derived Compounds to Fuels and Chemicals written by Tarit Nimmanwudipong and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The environmental problems caused by the production and usage of non-renewable fossil fuels has encouraged scientists to conduct research on alternative fuels. Lignocellolusic biomass is considered one of the most promising resources of alternative liquid fuels as well as renewable chemicals. Among several potential routes for biomass conversion, fast pyrolysis and subsequent catalytic upgrading has gained interest widely. Although the combination involves minimum numbers of steps, the cost of resultant fuels and chemicals is not yet low. Therefore, research is needed for better understanding of the process. This study considered the potential use of "bio-oils", product from fast pyrolysis of lignin, the under-utilized part of lignocellulose, as possible aromatic chemical and fuel feedstock source with the key challenge being the removal of excessive oxygen. The literature of catalytic upgrading of lignin-derived bio-oils is still lacking fundamental chemistry. Detailed and quantitative information about the products, the important reaction pathways, and kinetics is limited, but vital as basis for predicting catalyst choices and designing processes. Thus, our goal was to provide such information and to begin unraveling the chemistry of conversion of oxygenate molecules characteristic of lignin-derived bio-oils--and specifically to understand crucial catalytic oxygen-removal reactions. We investigated the conversion of prototypical compounds that represent important components in lignin-derived bio-oils. The reactions were catalyzed by a solid acid (HY zeolite) and supported metals (Pt/[gamma]-Al2O3), which are typical in petroleum and petrochemical industries. This dissertation addresses catalytic reactions of guaiacol, cyclohexanone, and eugenol. For the first time in this field, our data determine quantitative conversion, selectivity of the products, and approximate kinetics of the primary products in the reactions with Pt/[gamma]-Al2O3. The results show that four major reaction classes including transalkylation, hydrogenation, hydrogenolysis, and hydrodeoxygenation were dominant. Without H2 as a reactant and a metal function in the catalyst, transalkylation was the only important reaction class as observed in the conversion catalyzed by acidic HY zeolite. Higher H2 partial pressure led to higher selectivity of oxygen removal products in the conversion catalyzed by Pt/[gamma]-Al2O3. The data identify the role of catalyst functions and imply that a supported-metal catalyst and high pressure H2 will be necessary for oxygen removal of compounds found in lignin-derived bio-oils. Catalyst deactivation was usually observed in the conversion with HY zeolite and Pt/[gamma]-Al2O3. The earlier results indicate that acid sites of the catalysts were associated with the formation of carbonaceous materials on those catalysts. Therefore, the conversion of guaiacol catalyzed by basic supported platinum (Pt/MgO) was investigated. The data show that Pt/MgO deactivated less rapidly compared to other catalysts. The corresponding selectivity to oxygen removal products was nearly doubled the value observed from the reactions catalyzed by Pt/[gamma]-Al2O3, demonstrating potential value of basic support for selective HDO process. In summary, results obtained from this research lead to better understanding of catalytic conversion of lignin-derived compounds. Extrapolation of these understanding will help predicting catalyst performance in the upgrading of bio-oils and ultimately designing suitable catalysts and optimizing operating conditions for the conversion of lignin to fuels and chemicals.
Download or read book Pyrolysis of Biomass written by Shurong Wang and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2016-12-05 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the development of societies fossil energy is no longer the only energy resource, and increasing attention had been paid to alternative energy. Biomass is considered to be one of the alternatives due to efficiency and low cost. This book presents biomass pyrolysis behavior for three main components: Cellulose, Hemicellulose and Lignin, and discusses the influence of mineral salts , zeolite catalysts and metal oxide on their pyrolysis.
Download or read book Production of Biofuels and Chemicals from Lignin written by Zhen Fang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-10 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides state-of-the-art reviews, current research on and the prospects of lignin production, biological, thermal and chemical conversion methods, and lignin technoeconomics. Fundamental topics related to lignin chemistry, properties, analysis, characterization, and depolymerization mechanisms, as well as enzymatic, fungal and bacterial degradation methods are covered. The book also examines practical topics related to technologies for lignin and ultra-pure lignin recovery, activated carbon, carbon fiber production and materials, and addresses the biological conversion of lignin with fungi, bacteria or enzymes to produce chemicals, along with chemical, catalytic, thermochemical and solvolysis conversion methods. Lastly, it presents a case study on practical polyurethane foam production using lignin. Lignin has a bright future and will be an essential feedstock for producing renewable chemicals, biofuels and value-added products. Offering comprehensive information on this promising material, the book represents a valuable resource for students, researchers, academicians and industrialists in the field of biochemistry and energy.
