Download or read book Ligand and Electronically Induced Activation Patterns in Myenteric Neuronal Networks written by Raf Bisschops and published by Leuven University Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gastrointestinal motility regulated by hormonal, myogenic and neuronal mechanisms. The neuronal control consists of two elements: on the one hand the extrinsic innervation by para- and ortho-sympathetic nerve fibres and on the other hand intrinsic intrinsic innervation by the enteric nervous system (ENS). The myenteric plexus as part of the ENS, is to a great extent involved in the control of gastrointestinal motility. The guinea-pig myenteric plexus has been the subject of intense research over the last three decades, resulting in a better understanding of gastrointestinal physiology and motility. The ENS comprises a large diversity of neurons. Current classification schemes of enteric neurons are mainly based on the data obtained from classical electrophysical experiments, immunohistochemistry and retrograde labeling techniques. Electrophysiological recordings give real-time information concerning the electrical activity of one impaled myenteric neuron (S/AH type neurons), but this information is mostly limited to a single neuron. Immunohistochemical staining for different neurotransmitters or different functionally relevant proteins provides information about an activity due to intrinsic technical limitations of fixation techniques.
Download or read book Photoproduction of Vitamin D3 and Activation into 1a 25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3 in Human Epiderman Keratinocytes Dermal Fibroblasts and Other Cells written by Katleen Vantieghem and published by Leuven University Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Axon Growth Injury and Regeneration in the Fly Brain written by Maarten Leyssen and published by Leuven University Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Neonatal Analgesia written by Karel Allegaert and published by Leuven University Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Prospective Study of Risk Factors for Low Back Disorders in Occupational Settings written by An van Nieuwenhuyse and published by Leuven University Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mechanism and Role of Cyclooxygenase 2 Up Regulation by Photodynamic Therapy written by Nico Hendrickx and published by Leuven University Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physiological Study of Presenilins and Baces Two Proteases Involved in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer s Disease written by Jos Tournoy and published by Leuven University Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Protein bound Solute P cresol written by Bert Bammens and published by Leuven University Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Role of Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Regulation of Pulmonary Vascular Tone written by Leifu Jiang and published by Leuven University Press. This book was released on 2006-09 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fatty Acid Synthase written by Ellen De Schrijver and published by Leuven University Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fatty acid synthase (FAS) is a key lipogenic enzyme catalyzing the terminal steps in the synthesis of fatty acids. In the majority of normal tissues, FAS expression is low. In many human cancers, however, including cancer of the prostate, FAS expression and FAS activity are very high. As shown in the laboratory, overexpression of FAS in tumor cells is part of a more general and coordinate upregulation of multiple lipogenic genes caused, at least in part, by activation of sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs), transcription factors that play a key role in cellular lipid homeostasis. The mechanisms underlying the activation of the SREBP pathway and the increase in lipogenesis in tumor cells as well as the ultimate biological significance of this phenomenon remain poorly understood. Nonetheless there is evidence that overexpression of lipogenic genes occurs early in tumor development and that the degree of overexpression correlates with increasing tumor grade. Moreover, a number of studies suggest that inhibition of FAS selectively reduces proliferation of tumor cells and causes apoptosis, implying that FAS and other lipogenic enzymes may constitute interesting targets for antineoplastic therapy.
Download or read book Functional Anatomy of Visual Processing in the Cerebral Cortex of the Macaque written by Koen Nelissen and published by Leuven University Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thesis, we examined the monkey cortical regions involved in processing of color, visual motion information, and the recognition of actions done by others. The aim was to gain better insight in the functional organization of the monkey visual cortex using in-house developed functional imaging techniques. Two different functional imaging techniques were used in these studies, the double-label deoxyglucose technique (DG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in the awake monkey (Chapter 2). Both techniques allow to obtain an overview of stimulus-related neural activity throughout the whole brain, integrated over a limited amount of time. The results of the color experiments (Chapter 3) clearly showed that color related information is processed within a group of areas belonging to the ventral stream, which is involved in the perception of objects. Color-related metabolic activity was observed in visual areas V1, V2, V3, V4 and inferotemporal cortex (area TEO and TE). These findings set to rest the longstanding controversial claims that color would be processed almost selectively in one extrastriate visual area (V4) (Zeki SM, Brain Res 1973 53: 422-427). These results also show the usefulness of whole brain functional mapping techniques, as a complimentary approach to single cell measurements. In Chapter 4, we investigated which regions in the superior temporal sulcus (STS) of the monkey are involved in the analysis of motion. While the caudal part of the STS has been studied extensively, including area MT/V5 and MST, little is known about motion sensitivity in more anterior-ventral STS regions. Using fMRI, we were able to localize and delineate six different motion sensitive regions in the STS. One of these regions, that we termed 1st (lower superior temporal), had not been described so far. We were able to further characterize the six motion sensitive regions, using a wide variety of motion-sensitivity tests. The results of the latter tests suggested that motion related information might be processed along a second pathway within the STS, in addition to the MT-MST path (which is involved in the perception of heading). This second pathway, which includes the more rostral motion sensitive STS regions (FST, 1st and STPm) is possibly involved in the visual processing of biological movements (movements of animate objects) and actions. Finally, we investigated how and where in the monkey brain visual information about actions done is processed (Chapter 5 and 6). We found (Chapter 5) that, in agreement with earlier single unit results, the observation of grasping movements activates several regions in the premotor cortex of the monkey. Remarkable is that these premotor regions predominantly have a motor function, coding different types of higher order motor acts (for instance grasping of an object). These results are in agreement with earlier suggestions that we are able to understand actions done by others, because observation of a particular motor act activates our own motor representation of the same act. Furthermore, these studies suggested that within the frontal cortex of the monkey, there is a distinction between context-dependent (a person grasping) and more abstract (a hand grasping) action representations. In Chapter 6 we studied two other regions which are involved in the processing of visual information of actions done by others, the superior temporal sulcus (STS) and the parietal cortex. In the parietal cortex, we found a similar distinction between context-dependent and more abstract action representations as observed in prefrontal cortex. These results suggest that the parietal cortex is not only involved in the visual control of action planning, but also in the visual processing of actions performed by others. Based upon anatomical connections between the STS, parietal and frontal regions and motion-, form- and action-related functional properties of the former regions, we tentatively suggest how information about actions done by others might be sent from the STS to the frontal cortex along three different pathways. The latter working hypothesis will be tested in the future by additional fMRI control experiments and by combining fMRI, inactivation and microstimulation experiments while monkeys perform grasping tasks and/or view actions performed by others.
Download or read book Generation and Characterization of a Mouse Model for a Sodium Channel Based Long QT Syndrome LQT3 written by Dieter Nuyens and published by Leuven University Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Between Facts and Norms written by Pascal Borry and published by Leuven University Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biochemical and Immuno Histochemical Analysis of APP Processing and Amyloid Pathology in Single and Multiple Transgenic Mice as Models for Alzheimer s Disease written by Tom V. Dooren and published by Leuven University Press. This book was released on 2006-09 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Protein Phosphatase 1 Binding Motifs written by Paulina Wakula and published by Leuven University Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Modulation of Androgen Receptor Activity by P160 Coactivators and a Study of Environmental Contaminants written by Valerie Christiaens and published by Leuven University Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development, growth and survival of eukaryotic organisms require the proper regulation of tens of thousands of genes. Therefore, a correct temporal and spatial expression of genes is crucial. These expression patterns are controlled by a wide variety of mechanisms, but a major level of gene expression occurs at the transcription initiation process. In this part, the basic mechanisms of eukaryotic gene transcription will be discussed. Contents include: 1) General Introduction, 2) Characterization of the two coactivator interacting surfaces of the androgen receptor and their relative role in transcriptional control, 3) Screening for environmental (anti)androgenic activity, 4) Detection of endocrine disrupting activities in pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls, and 5) General Discussion / Future Perspectives.
Download or read book Cell Repopulation of Bioprosthetic Heart Valves written by Jessa Yperman and published by Leuven University Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
