Download or read book Lifetimes of Lunar Satellite Orbits written by Kurt W. Meyer and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Lifetimes of Lunar Satellite Orbits written by Meyer. Kurt W. and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Lifetimes of Lunar Satellite Orbits written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-05 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Space Exploration Initiative has generated a renewed interest in lunar mission planning. The lunar missions currently under study, unlike the Apollo missions, involve long stay times. Several lunar gravity models have been formulated, but mission planners do not have enough confidence in the proposed models to conduct detailed studies of missions with long stay times. In this report, a particular lunar gravitational model, the Ferrari 5 x 5 model, was chosen to determine the lifetimes for 100-km and 300-km perilune altitude, near-circular parking orbits. The need to analyze orbital lifetimes for a large number of initial orbital parameters was the motivation for the formulation of a simplified gravitational model from the original model. Using this model, orbital lifetimes were found to be heavily dependent on the initial conditions of the nearly circular orbits, particularly the initial inclination and argument of perilune. This selected model yielded lifetime predictions of less than 40 days for some orbits, and other orbits had lifetimes exceeding a year. Although inconsistencies and limitations are inherent in all existing lunar gravity models, primarily because of a lack of information about the far side of the moon, the methods presented in this analysis are suitable for incorporating the moon's nonspherical gravitational effects on the preliminary design level for future lunar mission planning. Meyer, Kurt W. and Buglia, James J. and Desai, Prasun N. Langley Research Center RTOP 506-49-11-01...
Download or read book Analytical Lifetime Studies of a Close lunar Satellite written by William R. Wells and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Orbital Debris written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-07-07 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the beginning of space flight, the collision hazard in Earth orbit has increased as the number of artificial objects orbiting the Earth has grown. Spacecraft performing communications, navigation, scientific, and other missions now share Earth orbit with spent rocket bodies, nonfunctional spacecraft, fragments from spacecraft breakups, and other debris created as a byproduct of space operations. Orbital Debris examines the methods we can use to characterize orbital debris, estimates the magnitude of the debris population, and assesses the hazard that this population poses to spacecraft. Potential methods to protect spacecraft are explored. The report also takes a close look at the projected future growth in the debris population and evaluates approaches to reducing that growth. Orbital Debris offers clear recommendations for targeted research on the debris population, for methods to improve the protection of spacecraft, on methods to reduce the creation of debris in the future, and much more.
Download or read book Interstellar Boundary Explorer IBEX written by David McComas and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-06-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: over to nominal operations and began making our groundbreaking science observations. Remarkably, the IBEX project was able to do all this work including developing an entirely new launch capability, building and ying a unique and highly specialized spacecraft and instrument suite, and maintaining full funding for our Education and Public Outreach and Phase E science activities, while still under-running our original cost cap (as modi ed by NASA-directed changes), by roughly three-quarters of a million dollars. This book comprises a set of papers that describe the IBEX science, instruments, and mission and put these in the context of the existing knowledge of the interstellar interaction at the time of the launch. The book sets the stage for research that will be based on data from the IBEX mission. We sincerely hope that future researchers, authors and students will use this information to help in their studies. Chapter 1 [McComas et al. ] provides an overview of the entire IBEX program including the IBEX science, hardware, and mission. Chapter 2 describes the IBEX spacecraft and ight system [Scherrer et al. ]. Chapters 3–4 provide the details of the IBEX-Hi instrument [Funsten et al. ] and background monitor that is built into it [Allegrini et al. ], while Chapters 5–7 describe the IBEX-Lo instrument [Fuselier et al. ], how IBEX-Lo can measure the interstellar neutrals directly entering the heliosphere [Möbius et al.
Download or read book Analysis of the Effects of Lunar Asphericity on Lunar Satellite Orbits written by Gerald N. Klemushin and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Analysis of Higher Order Effects on Low Altitude Lunar Orbits Caused by Irregularities in Mass Distribution written by Guillermo Castro Martinez and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of humanity's greatest challenges is space exploration and conquering the solar system. The exploration and investigation of celestial bodies such as the Moon is paramount to becoming a space-faring civilization. As more spacecraft are deployed to lunar orbits for scientific research, more resources are exhausted for station-keeping. The Moon's gravitational irregularities, caused by uneven mass distributions, inflict small perturbations on orbiting bodies. These perturbations can over time severely impact the orbits of nearby spacecraft and jeopardize the research being conducted. A deeper understanding of the magnitudes and locations of these perturbations is required for orbiting spacecraft to maintain a stable orbit. A gravitational model of the moon, using higher-order spherical harmonics methods and empirical data collected in the NASA GRAIL mission, was developed, and used to measure the gravitational perturbations of the Moon. Equations of motion accounting for the higher-order gravitational effects were integrated over time in the MATLAB software, given a set of initial conditions, to depict the resulting orbital trajectory of a lunar spacecraft. The effects of these perturbations on the orbital elements of low lunar orbits with different inclinations were analyzed. The results show that the semi-major axis, eccentricity, and inclination of the orbit have a linear relationship in time. Consequentially, the radius of periapsis experiences a gradual linear decrease eventually resulting in a collision with the lunar surface. Thus, systems must be implemented into lunar satellites that counteract the effects of the gravitational perturbations thereby increasing the lifespan of the spacecraft and the mission.
Download or read book Development of the Lunar and Solar Perturbations in the Motion of an Artificial Satellite written by Peter Musen and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lunar and solar perturbation influence on motion of artificial satellites, and computations of satellite perturbations for Vanguard I and Explorer VI satellites.
Download or read book Satellite Orbits written by Oliver Montenbruck and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This modern presentation guides readers through the theory and practice of satellite orbit prediction and determination. Starting from the basic principles of orbital mechanics, it covers elaborate force models as well as precise methods of satellite tracking. The accompanying CD-ROM includes source code in C++ and relevant data files for applications. The result is a powerful and unique spaceflight dynamics library, which allows users to easily create software extensions. An extensive collection of frequently updated Internet resources is provided through WWW hyperlinks.
Download or read book The Orbits of Lunar Satellites written by G. E. Cook and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Present knowledge of the Moon's gravitational field is briefly reviewed. The Report then describes the main perturbations of the orbit of a lunar satellite caused by low-order terms in the lunar gravitational potential and by the Earth. Techniques for investigating the lunar potential are outlined. (Author).
Download or read book Enchanted Rendezvous written by James R. Hansen and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 956 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book NASA Technical Note written by and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Lunar Science written by Yann Chemin and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-09-04 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lunar science is in the middle of a small revolution, with now many new countries sending orbiters, landers, and even sample return missions to the moon. Additionally, both governments and private companies are now more and more considering the moon as a base for solar system exploration. With such an increase in attention, lunar science is now encompassing several unified dimensions. The first is the science of the moon itself, its origin, evolution, and inner composition. The second is how humans can live on the moon, covering biology and in general the logistics of surviving there, including surface mapping and in-situ resource utilization.
Download or read book History of the Lunar Orbit written by Peter Goldreich and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dynamic equations governing the evolution of the earth-moon system are derived and integrated back in time to determine its state at past epochs. The method is based on three time scales: short, determined by the revolution periods of the earth and moon around the sun and earth, respectively; intermediate, set by precessional motions of the moon's orbit plane and the earth's equator plane; and long, defined by the rate at which the frictional tides alter the state of the earth-moon system. The principle dynamic features of the sun-earth-moon system in the absence of tidal forces are described by precessional equations. It is shown that for each planet there is a critical distance such that a satellite orbit lying well within the distance will maintain a nearly constant inclination to the planet's equator plane; the present earth-moon distance is far greater than the critical distance. Equations of motion are presented for the slow changes in conserved quantities produced by frictionally retarded tides, the principal changes being produced by the tides raised on the earth by the moon, and smaller changes by the tides raised on the earth by the sun. Fission and capture theories of lunar origin and formation in earth orbit are mentioned.
Download or read book Lunar Gravimetry written by Rune Floberghagen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-08-27 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lunar Gravimetry: Revealing the Far-Side provides a thorough and detailed discussion of lunar gravity field research and applications, from the initial efforts of the pre-Apollo and Luna eras to the dedicated gravity mapping experiments of the third millennium. Analysis of the spatial variations of the gravity field of the Moon is a key selenodetic element in the understanding of the physics of the Moon's interior. Remarkably, more than forty years after the initial steps in lunar exploration by spacecraft, the global gravity field still remains largely unknown, due to the limitations of standard observations techniques. As such, knowledge of the high-accuracy and high-resolution gravity field is one of the remaining unsolved issues in lunar science.
