Download or read book Life cycle Assessment of Electric Vehicles in the United States written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The US Department of Energy is completing an extensive energy and environmental assessment of the life-cycle of electric vehicles. The scope of the assessment includes energy and environmental issues associated with manufacturing electric vehicles and their batteries; recycling and disposing of spent electric vehicles and vehicle batteries; operating power plants to support electric vehicle use; and extracting the energy resource required to support the increased demand that will be placed on electric utilities when large quantities of electric vehicles penetrate US markets. In addition, the assessment includes a comparable evaluation of the energy and environmental implications of the conventional vehicles. This paper discusses the analytical framework for conducting the life-cycle assessment of electric and conventional vehicles, methodological and technological issues that are being addressed as part of the assessment, and some preliminary results.

Download or read book Environmental Assessment of Lightweight Electric Vehicles written by Patricia Egede and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-25 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph adresses the challenge of the environmental assessment of leightweight electric vehicles. It poses the question whether the use of lightweight materials in electric vehicles can reduce the vehicles’ environmental impact and compares the environmental performance of a lightweight electric vehicle (LEV) to other types of vehicles. The topical approach focuses on methods from life cycle assessment (LCA), and the book concludes with a comprehensive concept on the environmental assessment of LEVs. The target audience primarily comprises LCA practitioners from research institutes and industry, but it may also be beneficial for graduate students specializing in the field of environmental assessment.

Download or read book Environmental Life cycle Assessment written by Mary Ann Curran and published by McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing. This book was released on 1996 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a comprehensive resource on the rediscovered area of Life Cycle Assessment as it can be applied to human health and the environment. The reader will receive a brief history of LCA and its re-emergence in 1990.

Download or read book Life Cycle Impact Assessment written by Michael Z. Hauschild and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-24 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a detailed presentation of the principles and practice of life cycle impact assessment. As a volume of the LCA compendium, the book is structured according to the LCIA framework developed by the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO)passing through the phases of definition or selection of impact categories, category indicators and characterisation models (Classification): calculation of category indicator results (Characterisation); calculating the magnitude of category indicator results relative to reference information (Normalisation); and converting indicator results of different impact categories by using numerical factors based on value-choices (Weighting). Chapter one offers a historical overview of the development of life cycle impact assessment and presents the boundary conditions and the general principles and constraints of characterisation modelling in LCA. The second chapter outlines the considerations underlying the selection of impact categories and the classification or assignment of inventory flows into these categories. Chapters three through thirteen exploreall the impact categories that are commonly included in LCIA, discussing the characteristics of each followed by a review of midpoint and endpoint characterisation methods, metrics, uncertainties and new developments, and a discussion of research needs. Chapter-length treatment is accorded to Climate Change; Stratospheric Ozone Depletion; Human Toxicity; Particulate Matter Formation; Photochemical Ozone Formation; Ecotoxicity; Acidification; Eutrophication; Land Use; Water Use; and Abiotic Resource Use. The final two chapters map out the optional LCIA steps of Normalisation and Weighting.

Download or read book REWAS 2016 written by Bart Blanpain and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-02-08 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings from a 2016 sustainability symposium Information from REWAS 2016 proceedings were collected and published in REWAS 2016: Towards Materials Resource Sustainability. This collection covers the proceedings of the symposium sponsored by the Recycling and Environmental Technologies Committee; the Materials and Society Committee; the Extracting & Processing Division; and the Light Metals Division of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society. Topics covered include: enabling and understanding the sustainability related to ferrous and non-ferrous metals processing; batteries; rare earth element applications; and building materials. At REWAS 2016, materials professionals exchanged ideas with other researchers and stakeholders to outline a path toward a resource-efficient society.

Download or read book Transitions to Alternative Vehicles and Fuels written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-04-14 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For a century, almost all light-duty vehicles (LDVs) have been powered by internal combustion engines operating on petroleum fuels. Energy security concerns about petroleum imports and the effect of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions on global climate are driving interest in alternatives. Transitions to Alternative Vehicles and Fuels assesses the potential for reducing petroleum consumption and GHG emissions by 80 percent across the U.S. LDV fleet by 2050, relative to 2005. This report examines the current capability and estimated future performance and costs for each vehicle type and non-petroleum-based fuel technology as options that could significantly contribute to these goals. By analyzing scenarios that combine various fuel and vehicle pathways, the report also identifies barriers to implementation of these technologies and suggests policies to achieve the desired reductions. Several scenarios are promising, but strong, and effective policies such as research and development, subsidies, energy taxes, or regulations will be necessary to overcome barriers, such as cost and consumer choice.

Download or read book 2021 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Informatics ISCI written by IEEE Staff and published by . This book was released on 2021-10-16 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Industrial Electronics, Industrial Application, Power Electronics, Automation, Signal Processing, Artificial Intelligence & Applications, Graphics & Multimedia Applications, Internet of Things, Blockchain Technology

Download or read book Vehicle and Automotive Engineering 3 written by Károly Jármai and published by Springer. This book was released on 2020-10-20 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the proceedings of the third Vehicle and Automotive Engineering conference, reflecting the outcomes of theoretical and practical studies and outlining future development trends in a broad field of automotive research. The conference’s main themes included design, manufacturing, economic and educational topics.

Download or read book Life Cycle Analysis and Transportation Energy written by Alexandra B. Klass and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As government actors and the private sector attempt to de-carbonize the economy, the role of life cycle analysis (also know as life cycle assessment or “LCA”) has become increasingly important. In this essay, we explore the use of life cycle analysis in the transportation sector to assess its influence in federal and state policy efforts to move to a low carbon energy future. We first define life cycle analysis and explain its use in evaluating the environmental impacts of all stages of a product, from production, to use, to disposal. We then review the use of life cycle analysis in considering the carbon emissions associated with different types of biofuels, primarily ethanol, which now makes up 10% of every gallon of gasoline sold in the United States as a result of federal mandates. This evaluation shows that life cycle analysis for ethanol has undermined many of the basic premises federal policymakers relied upon to enact significant mandates and, for many years, major tax benefits, to promote the production and use of ethanol for transportation fuel. We then discuss the increasing application of life cycle analysis to electric vehicles (EVs), which compares the GHG emissions associated with the production, use, and disposal of EVs with conventional automobiles, and evaluates the source of electricity used to power EVs in different parts of the country. Not surprisingly, the lifecycle GHG emissions associated with an EV driven in California, where electricity is generated primarily by natural gas and renewable energy, are far lower than the GHG emissions associated with an EV driven in West Virginia, which relies almost exclusively on coal-fired electricity. We conclude by reflecting on the ways life cycle analysis can be used effectively to guide policymakers to incentivize the development of environmentally beneficial products and technologies. For instance, if today's life cycle analysis had been used to evaluate corn ethanol in the 1990s and early 2000s, policymakers may have paused before creating the significant incentives and mandates that exist today and that are now very difficult to eliminate. At the same time, however, there are risks in relying too heavily on life cycle analysis when information gaps exist in comparing alternative fuels and vehicles with traditional fuels and vehicles. Such information gaps may result in creating disincentives for potentially beneficial new products and technologies that, with sufficient support, may be critical to meeting de-carbonization goals in the transportation sector and the economy as a whole.

Download or read book Modeling Data Irregularities and Structural Complexities in Data Envelopment Analysis written by Joe Zhu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-06-08 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a relatively short period of time, data envelopment analysis (DEA) has grown into a powerful analytical tool for measuring and evaluating performance. DEA is computational at its core and this book is one of several Springer aim to publish on the subject. This work deals with the micro aspects of handling and modeling data issues in DEA problems. It is a handbook treatment dealing with specific data problems, including imprecise data and undesirable outputs.

Download or read book Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment LCSA written by Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-21 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental Life Cycle Assessment (ELCA) that was developed about three decades ago demands a broadening of its scope to include lifecycle costing and social aspects of life cycle assessment as well, drawing on the three-pillar or ‘triple bottom line’ model of sustainability, which is the result of the development of the Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA). LCSA refers to the evaluation of all environmental, social and economic negative impacts and benefits in decision-making processes towards more sustainable products throughout their life cycle. Combination of environmental and social life cycle assessments along with life cycle costing leads to life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA). This book highlights various aspects of life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA).

Download or read book Life Cycle Assessment of Energy Systems written by Guillermo San Miguel and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-04-14 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Special Issue on “LCA of Energy Systems” contains inspiring contributions on assessing the sustainability of novel technologies destined to shape the future of our energy sector. These include battery-based and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, geothermal energy, hydropower, biomass gasification, national electricity systems, and waste incineration. The analysis of trends and singularities will be invaluable to product designers, engineers, and policy makers. Furthermore, these exercises also contribute to refining the life cycle framework and harmonizing methodological decisions. Our hope is that this should be a step toward promoting the use of science and knowledge to shape a better world for everyone.

Download or read book Life Cycle Assessment LCA of Environmental and Energy Systems written by Fabrizio Passarini and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-04-01 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transition towards renewable energy sources and “green” technologies for energy generation and storage is expected to mitigate the climate emergency in the coming years. However, in many cases, this progress has been hampered by our dependency on critical materials or other resources that are often processed at high environmental burdens. Yet, many studies have shown that environmental and energy issues are strictly interconnected and require a comprehensive understanding of resource management strategies and their implications. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is among the most inclusive analytical techniques to analyze sustainability benefits and trade-offs within complex systems and, in this Special Issue, it is applied to assess the mutual influences of environmental and energy dimensions. The selection of original articles, reviews, and case studies addressed covers some of the main driving applications for energy requirements and greenhouse gas emissions, including power generation, bioenergy, biorefinery, building, and transportation. An insightful perspective on the current topics and technologies, and emerging research needs, is provided. Alone or in combination with integrative methodologies, LCA can be of pivotal importance and constitute the scientific foundation on which a full system understanding can be reached.

Download or read book Electric Vehicle Technology Explained written by James Larminie and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-07-11 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fully updated throughout, Electric Vehicle Technology, Second Edition, is a complete guide to the principles, design and applications of electric vehicle technology. Including all the latest advances, it presents clear and comprehensive coverage of the major aspects of electric vehicle development and offers an engineering-based evaluation of electric motor scooters, cars, buses and trains. This new edition includes: important new chapters on types of electric vehicles, including pickup and linear motors, overall efficiencies and energy consumption, and power generation, particularly for zero carbon emissions expanded chapters updating the latest types of EV, types of batteries, battery technology and other rechargeable devices, fuel cells, hydrogen supply, controllers, EV modeling, ancillary system design, and EV and the environment brand new practical examples and case studies illustrating how electric vehicles can be used to substantially reduce carbon emissions and cut down reliance on fossil fuels futuristic concept models, electric and high-speed trains and developments in magnetic levitation and linear motors an examination of EV efficiencies, energy consumption and sustainable power generation. MATLAB® examples can be found on the companion website www.wiley.com/go/electricvehicle2e Explaining the underpinning science and technology, this book is essential for practicing electrical, automotive, power, control and instrumentation engineers working in EV research and development. It is also a valuable reference for academics and students in automotive, mechanical, power and electrical engineering.

Download or read book Sensitivity Analyses of Electric Vehicle Life Cycle Impacts Based on Consumer Behaviors written by Zaid Thanawala and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Electric vehicles (EVs) are being promoted as a viable vehicle technology to mitigate the greenhouse gas emissions associated with conventional vehicles. Previous studies have shown that the use phase of the EVs is the main contributor to EV life cycle environmental impacts. Use phase impacts depend on multiple factors such as the type and amount of electricity used to charge the batteries, driving behavior, and life span of the battery. Comprehensive life cycle assessment (LCA) studies exist on the impacts of electric vehicle. However, most studies assume no variability in user behavior. This variability could play a significant role in determining the environmental impacts of the EVs. This study aims to address some of these concerns by empirically determining the life cycle impacts of EVs based on different consumer behavior. First, EV driving and charging behaviors that have a major influence in determining battery ageing were identified from EV consumer literature and scenarios were developed to capture a variety of behaviors. These scenarios served as inputs to a battery ageing test. The experiment resulted in three unique capacity fade and energy efficiency fade distributions that were integrated into existing LCA models to determine variability in life cycle impacts. Results of the LCA model show that the environmental impacts of EVs are dependent on consumer behavior. Nevertheless, the sensitivity analyses show the severity of the impacts depend heavily on the electricity mix that is used to charge the EV in the use phase. Combining aspects of user behavior with the properties of the grid that is being used, a strategy can be developed to ensure that EVs have the lowest life cycle impact. The method to link LCA models to consumer behavior and battery ageing tests presented in this study points to opportunities for reducing the overall life cycle impact of EVs."--Abstract.

Download or read book Racing Toward Zero written by Kelly Senecal and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2021-06-01 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Racing Toward Zero, the authors explore the issues inherent in developing sustainable transportation. They review the types of propulsion systems and vehicle options, discuss low-carbon fuels and alternative energy sources, and examine the role of regulation in curbing emissions. All technologies have an impact on the environment, from internal combustion engine vehicles to battery electric vehicles, fuel cell electric vehicles, and hybrids-there is no silver bullet. The battery electric vehicle may seem the obvious path to a sustainable, carbon-free transportation future, but it's not the only, nor necessarily the best, path forward. The vast majority of vehicles today use the internal combustion engine (ICE), and this is unlikely to change anytime soon. Improving the ICE and its fuels-entering a new ICE age-must be a main route on the road to zero emissions. How do we go green? The future requires a balanced approach to transportation. It's not a matter of choosing between combustion or electrification; it's combustion and electrification. As the authors say, "The future is eclectic." By harnessing the best qualities of both technologies, we will be in the best position to address our transportation future as quickly as possible. (ISBN:9781468601466 ISBN:9781468601473 ISBN:9781468602005 DOI:10.4271/9781468601473)

Download or read book Non Exhaust Emissions written by Fulvio Amato and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-01-02 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Non-Exhaust Emissions: An Urban Air Quality Problem for Public Health comprehensively summarizes the most recent research in the field, also giving guidance on research gaps and future needs to evaluate the health impact and possible remediation of non-exhaust particle emissions. With contributions from some of the major experts and stakeholders in air quality, this book comprehensively defines the state-of-the-art of current knowledge, gaps and future needs for a better understanding of particulate matter (PM) emissions, from non-exhaust sources of road traffic to improve public health. PM is a heterogeneous mix of chemical elements and sources, with road traffic being the major source in large cities. A significant part of these emissions come from non-exhaust processes, such as brake, tire, road wear, and road dust resuspension. While motor exhaust emissions have been successfully reduced by means of regulation, non-exhaust emissions are currently uncontrolled and their importance is destined to increase and become the dominant urban source of particle matter by 2020. Nevertheless, current knowledge on the non-exhaust emissions is still limited. This is an essential book to researchers and advanced students from a broad range of disciplines, such as public health, toxicology, atmospheric sciences, environmental sciences, atmospheric chemistry and physics, geochemistry, epidemiology, built environment, road and vehicle engineering, and city planning. In addition, European and local authorities responsible for air quality and those in the industrial sectors related to vehicle and brake manufacturing and technological remediation measures will also find the book valuable. Acts as the first book to explore the health impacts of non-exhaust emissions Authored by experts from several sectors, including academia, industry and policy Gathers the relevant body of literature and information, defining the current knowledge, gaps and future needs