Download or read book Life Cycle Assessment and Cost benefit Analysis of Landfill Mining at the City of Denton Landfill written by Umme Zakira and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concept of landfill mining has evolved the way of transforming the existing landfills from a final waste disposal site to a temporary storage location for the potentially valuable resources. The convergence of the sustainable material management and environmental protection issues have emerged the demand for the feasibility study of the landfill mining both in environmental and economic aspects considering the scope of potential resource recovery. Few studies have been conducted either on the environmental impacts on waste management (especially incineration) and operational options or generalized cost-benefit estimation for landfill mining project. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate both the environmental and economic feasibility of an unlined cell (cell 1590A) of the City of Denton Landfill (Texas) which is containing approximately 2.6 million tons of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) for around 30 years. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Cost-benefit Analysis (CBA) has been adopted as analyzing tools for the environmental and economic studies respectively. Two landfill mining alternatives (mining with waste relocation and mining with material recovery) were compared with no-mining (do-nothing) condition for both of the approaches. Comparative LCA results showed that the mining of 1 ton of MSW with material recovery can reduce about 0.1 million kg of equivalent CO2 than no-mining condition of landfill which worth of removing about 21 thousand cars from road per year. In cost benefit analysis the landfill mining with material recovery has been found to achieve a benefit to cost ratio of 2.20 gaining $37.4 million of total net benefit which worth a total Net Present Value (NPV) of $34.1 million in 10 years of project period. Therefore, the landfill mining with material recovery has been found to be most feasible options among the alternatives in both environmental and economic analysis. Separate LCA studies have been conducted to assess the energy saving potential of reusing the mined papers and plastics instead of virgin materials for producing plastic lumber and paperboard respectively. The reusing of mined plastics and papers have been found to save 1.8 million MJ and 2300 MJ of energy respectively for 1 ton of functional unit of product. It can also reduce about 0.4 million and 1300 kg of equivalent CO2 as well for 1 ton of plastics and papers respectively which is worth of removing 85 thousand and 276 cars from road per year respectively.Although the environmental and economic profiles of landfill mining would vary from case to case, the results of these analyses can be used as a baseline for future landfill mining projects.
Download or read book Evaluation and Prediction of Energy Potential of Landfill Mined Solid Waste written by Rakib Ahmed and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Landfilling is the most popular waste disposal system worldwide; however, with increasing scarcity of materials, increases in land values, and the presence of non-engineered landfill sites in both the developing and developed world, landfill mining has been the recipient of special interest in today's waste management practices. Therefore, the motivation of the current study was to evaluate the energy potential of mined landfill waste and develop a statistically significant mathematical model to predict its energy potential (calorific value). The current study was conducted by using the municipal solid waste (MSW) samples collected from the City of Denton landfill and the City of Irving landfill Texas. Mined waste was collected from conventional cell (cell 0) and ELR operated cell (cell 2) from City of Denton Landfill, and the calorific value of the collected MSW was investigated, using an oxygen bomb calorimeter. The fine/degraded fraction made up 48% of the mined waste at the City of Denton landfill. The average calorific value of mined waste was found to be 3586.97 Btu/lb. The calorific value was also determined for fresh MSW collected from the working phase of the landfill. Based on the results, 52% of the energy value is still available in the mined waste compared with the energy potential of fresh waste. Different parameters, such as depth, landfill operation, moisture content, volatile solid, age of waste, precipitation, and fine fraction were analyzed to understand the behavior of mined solid waste. It was observed that the fine fraction had a decreasing trend, and the volatile solid had an increasing trend with the increase of calorific value. Moisture content and depth of the landfill did not exhibit any significant correlation with the calorific value. Based on the degradation nature of the solid waste components, a universal energy index, based on the composition of the waste, was introduced and found to be a very good predictor the for calorific value of MSW. Proximate analysis (Volatile solid determination) and elemental analysis 2343 determined by a muffle furnace and an elemental analyzer, respectively. Carbon was found to be the most significant element for energy value. Three simple linear regression (SLR) models, based on three different analyses (physical composition, proximate analysis, and elemental analysis), were developed to predict calorific value, using the statistical tool R. The physical model, which used the energy index, was validated with mined solid waste collected from the City of Irving landfill, and showed excellent agreement between the predicted calorific value and the measured calorific value of the MSW collected from the landfills. The model-based elemental analysis was in good agreement with the experimental values found in literature. Overall, this study will enhance the understanding of the physical characteristics and energy potential of landfill mined waste and will provide two universal mathematical models for better predictions of calorific value from any waste composition.
Download or read book Landfill Mining written by Nils Johansson and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2016-11-10 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall aim of the thesis is to examine the institutional conditions for the implementation and emergence of landfill mining. The result shows that current policy makes it difficult for landfill mining operators to find a market outlet for the exhumed material, which means that landfill mining may result in a waste disposal problem. Regulations also restrict accessibility to the material in landfills. Therefore, it has generally been municipal landfill owners that perform landfill mining operations, which directs learning processes towards solving landfill problems rather than resource recovery. Landfill mining is not, however, necessarily to be perceived as a recycling activity. It could also be understood as a remediation or mining activity. This would result in more favorable institutional conditions for landfill mining in terms of better access to the market and the material in the landfill. The regulatory framework surrounding landfills is based on a perception of landfills as a source of pollution, a problem that should be avoided, capped and closed. Extracting resources from landfills, challenges this perception and therefore results in a mismatch with the regulatory framework. On the other hand, the material in mines is typically regarded in the formal institutions as a positive occurrence. Mining activities are regarded as the backbone of the Swedish economy and therefore receive various forms of political support. This favorable regulatory framework is not available for secondary resource production. Based on the identified institutional conditions, institutional challenges are identified. The core of these challenges is a conflict between the policy goal of increased recycling and a non-toxic environment. Secondary resources are typically punished through strict requirements for marketability, while primary resources are supported through subsidies such as tax exemptions. The authorities lack capacity to manage the emergence of unconventional and complex activities such as landfill mining. The institutional arrangements that are responsible for landfills primarily perceive them as pollution, while the institutions responsible for resources, on the other hand, assume them to be found in the bedrock. The major contribution of the thesis is to go beyond the potential-oriented studies of landfill mining to instead focus on how institutions relate to landfill mining. In order to move towards a resource transition with dominant use of secondary resources a new institutional order is proposed.
Download or read book Cost Benefit Analysis of Construction and Demolition Waste Diversion from Landfill written by Mehrnaz Rohani and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Urban Mining and Sustainable Waste Management written by Sadhan Kumar Ghosh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-17 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gathers selected high-quality research papers presented at the IconSWM 2018 conference, which explore various aspects of urban mining. In addition, they discuss how to achieve sustainable waste management systems, urban mining, landfill mining, material recovery, circular economy, etc., with the aid of effective waste management practices. Additional topics covered include maximum resource circulation and efficiency, key differences between landfill mining and urban mining, and how urban mining can be combined with the concepts of circular economy and sustainability.
Download or read book A Cost benefit Analysis of the Proposed Council Directive on the Landfill of Waste written by Touche Ross and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Landfill Costs and Prices written by and published by Unipub. This book was released on 1993-01-01 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Landfill Costs and Prices
Download or read book Optimal Landfill Management written by Christopher Thomas Behr and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Final Report written by CalRecovery, Inc and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cost benefit Analysis of the Early Closure of the Vancouver Landfill written by J. Paul Henderson and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Final Cost benefit and Least burdensome Alternative Analyses written by Kasia Patora and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physical Characterization and Evaluation of Energy Potential for Mined Waste from Irving Landfill written by Vijay Kakara and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically landfills have been seen as the ultimate solution for storing waste at minimum cost. But, now it is a well-known fact that these deposits have numerous implications such as long term methane emissions, local pollution and many space-related issues etc. In most parts of the world, however, landfilling is the most common method to dispose waste. Even developed countries with recycling and waste treatment facilities have been no exception in landfilling. Therefore over the years, several old and operating landfills have been accumulated with an enormous amount of obsolete materials and products. To address such issues related to waste deposits, landfill mining has been proclaimed as an innovative strategy. Although landfill mining is a solution for a number of problems, it creates new waste by extracting waste that was previously buried. So it is important to find suitable treatment and utilization routes for different types of materials considering the economic aspects and the minimization of the re-landfilled fraction of the waste. This study focuses on the characterization and valorization potential of waste from a prospective landfill mining site. According to the USEPA's (United State Environmental Protection Agency) waste management hierarchy, energy recovery is better preferred than disposal into landfills. So energy potential was calculated from the mined waste and compared to the previous studies to check the feasibility of incineration. The present study was conducted by using the municipal solid waste (MSW) samples collected from the City of Irving landfill, Texas. Mined waste was collected from three different closed cells from the City of Irving landfill, and the composition was determined. It was observed that fine and degraded portion of the mined waste made up to 60%. The calorific value of the mined waste was investigated with an oxygen bomb calorimeter. For the analysis, the major contributors for energy, that are paper, plastic, textile and wood were considered. The average calorific value of the mined waste was found to be 3365.16 Btu/lb which is above the minimum calorific value (3010 Btu/lb) specified according to the feasibility study conducted by the World Bank. Also, different parameters like moisture, volatile solids, age of waste were analyzed to understand the factors that affect the energy of mined waste. The fine fraction had a negative effect on the calorific value. Overall, the study enhances the understanding of the physical characteristics and energy potential of landfilled mined waste. Major conclusions are that there is a high potential for using mined waste to produce energy and the remaining waste, which is majorly fines can be used as a cover material for landfills. Therefore, reclamation operation in this landfill can be proved to have an evident advantage.
Download or read book Landfills written by Norma Chandler and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2017 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Preliminary Cost benefit and Least Burdensome Alternative Analyses written by Shon Kraley and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Optimization of Landfill Mining written by Robert J. Murphy and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Landfill Full Cost Accounting Guide for New Zealand written by and published by . This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Legal Engineering Environmental and Social Perspectives of Surface Mining Law and Reclamation by Landfilling written by Robert Lee Aston and published by London : Imperial College Press. This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since mining is a basic and essential industry, it cannot be done away with as many environmentalists would like. It provides the raw materials for medicines; building materials for shelters, schools, hospitals, roads; fuels for heating and energy; metals for transportation (cars, airplanes and ships), machinery, communications infrastructure and other conveniences. What would modern life be without minerals? Miners are the harvesters of the earth's fruits. To reap those fruits, the earth must be plowed up. After harvesting, the plowed fields can be reclaimed and restored to pristine, natural beauty without lasting damage to the earth. Reclamation of surface mines can profitably utilise the void space for burial of society's solid wastes while restoring the mined land surfaces to their original beauty or utility. Industry and environmentalists should rejoice
