Download or read book Liberalization of EU Internal Regulation of Gas Market written by Mariia Rubtcova and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper is devoted the cognition of the problem of Liberalization of EU internal regulation of gas market, We analysed the development of the EU internal energy market regulation and the background of liberalization including concept of unbundling and its extraterritorial effect. We discussed the requirements of so-called the Gazprom Clause of Directive 2009/73/EC adopted July 13, 20091 (the “Gas Directive”) which has been subject of the ongoing WTO dispute. We considered the problem whether this clause is compatible with current obligations of the EU under the World Trade Organization (WTO), the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) or not. In this respect we considered question whether EU by means of regulating the internal market can create additional requirement for the owners and/or operators of the fixed infrastructure used to supply energy resources into EU. We made the conclusion that commission proposal to amend the Gas Directive has extraterritorial effect and can be create situation for potential conflicts with the WTO and ECT rules.

Download or read book The Liberalization of Electricity and Natural Gas in the European Union written by Damien Geradin and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2001-07-11 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this important book, notable European experts in the energy field provide valuable perspectives on the principal issues raised by the liberalisation of the electricity and natural gas markets in the EU. Lawyers, business people, regulators, and policymakers who deal with matters and issues in the energy, natural resources, and environmental fields will find the details and insights presented here of great value.

Download or read book Law and Policy of the European Gas Market written by Monica Waloszyk and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2014-07-31 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: øLaw and Policy of the European Gas Market explores the law and politics of the EU gas market and in particular, the regulatory and competitive choices of institutions and bodies operating on the market, with a view to achieving a higher level of marke

Download or read book Building Competitive Gas Markets in the EU written by Jean-Michel Glachant and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2013-01-01 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This highly unique book focuses on market design issues common to most EU gas markets, particularly in the context of closer integration. It explores in detail the characteristics and requirements of national gas markets in Europe, which are constructed as virtual hubs based on entry/exit schemes as a requirement of European law. The expert contributors analyse gas supply and demand patterns in the EU, showing that both have changed following the introduction of liquefied natural gas on the supply side and the growth of gas-fired power plants on the demand side. The repeated interactions between the transmission operators activity and the gas commodity markets are addressed, as is the design of commercial networks in EU markets. The contributors also question whether the relationship between commercial and physical networks, in terms of the new flexibility requirements of users, actually works. By way of conclusion, two proposals for the EU gas target model are presented, both of which tackle the fundamental issues raised in this book, as well as the organization of short-term transactions and the mechanisms for investment in vital new long-life infrastructure needed to integrate EU markets. This volume will be of great interest to practitioners, as well as academics, researchers and students in the fields of energy economics and industrial economics. Both European and non-European energy companies and regulatory authorities looking for an independent and analytical overview of European gas markets will also find this book to be a highly valuable resource.

Download or read book Electricity and Gas Market Liberalization in the EU as a Part of the Internal Energy Market Strategy written by Bartlomiej Nowak and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Liberalization of EU Gas Sector written by Ljerka Cerovic and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper summarizes liberalization and the EU gas market opening along with its prospects and forecasts. The European gas sector is committed to ensure that natural gas, with strong environmental advantages is able to play its full part in a competitive, secure and sustainable energy sector. A successful internal market is essential to the competitiveness of Europe and contributes to investment in infrastructure to support supply security, efficiency and service. The paper also contains an analysis of the recent changes in the structure of gas demand and the supply and its consequences for enhancement of competition in the EU gas market. It discusses role of the growing gas demand, taxation of gas production and trade along with dependency of the EU gas sector. Liberalization of the gas markets is very important tool which contributes to the development of the European economy towards its goals of efficiency and competitiveness in the ever-increasing global market place. Clearly, the implementation of the EU Gas Directive can be viewed as a final step by the EU to accomplish an internal market for gas. The major objective is to promote increasing competition in the natural gas market and to reduce gas prices for all customers and thereby to increase the competitiveness of (energy-intensive) European industries and economies. Moreover, this paper discusses prospects for increased consumption of natural gas and future trends of the European gas market within the EU up to 2030.

Download or read book China s Gas Development Strategies written by Shell International B.V. and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-23 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This book examines how China can increase the share of natural gas in its energy system. China’s energy strategy has global ramifications and impact, and central to this strategy is the country’s transition from coal to gas. The book presents the culmination of a two-year collaboration between the Development Research Center of the State Council (DRC) and Shell. With the Chinese government’s strategic aim to increase the share of gas in the energy mix from 5.8% in 2014 to 10% and 15% in 2020 and 2030 respectively, the book outlines how China can achieve its gas targets. Providing both quantifiable metrics and policy measures for the transition, it is a much needed addition to the literature on Chinese energy policy. The research and the resulting recommendations of this study have fed directly into the Chinese government’s 13th Five-Year Plan, and provide unique insights into the Chinese government and policy-making. Due to its global impact, the book is a valuable resource for policy makers in both China and the rest of the world.

Download or read book The Interplay between European Merger Control Law and the Liberalisation of European Electricity Natural Gas and Petroleum Markets written by Henning Matthiesen and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2023-04-21 with total page 661 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation from the year 2020 in the subject Law - European and International Law, Intellectual Properties, grade: 2,2, Leuphana Universität Lüneburg (Fakultät Wirtschaftswissenschaften), language: English, abstract: This doctoral thesis examines how European merger control law is applied to the energy sector and to which extent its application may facilitate the liberalisation of the electricity, natural gas and petroleum industries so that only those concentrations will be cleared that honour the principles of the liberalisation directives. In 2007, the Commission emphasized that a real internal European energy market is essential to meet Europe’s three energy objectives. These were for example competitiveness to cut costs for citizens and undertakings to foster energy efficiency and investment, sustainability including emissions trading, and security of supply with high standards of public service obligations. The EU issued three pre-liberalisation directives since the 1990s. Dissatisfied with the existing monopolistic structures, in Germany through demarcation and exclusive concession agreements for the supply of electricity and natural gas, which were until 1998 exempted from the cartel prohibition provision, and the prevalence of exclusive rights on the energy markets, the Commission triggered infringement proceedings against four Member States. The CJEU confirmed that the Commission has the power to abolish monopoly rights under certain circumstances and the rulings had the effect of convincing the member states to enter into negotiations for an opening up of energy markets owing to the internal market energy liberalization directives 1996 / 1998 / 2003 / 2009 / 2019. The 2nd liberalisation package of 2003 brought a widening of market opening and acceleration of pace of market opening to a greater number of eligible customers and an increase in the provisions on management and legal unbundling. The 3rd energy package of 2009 addressed ownership unbundling of key-infrastructure ownership and energy wholesale and retail supply consisting of three regulations and two directives. The 4th liberalization package inter alia consists of a new IEMD2019 and IGMD2019 and addresses energy efficiency and rules on good governance in the Energy Union. A brief analysis of the economic implications of concentrations is followed by an assessment of the evolution of European merger control law since 1989, 1997 and 2004. Then, the theoretical findings are contrasted to the results of recent merger proceedings in the energy sector.

Download or read book The internal energy market written by Anthony Doherty and published by . This book was released on 2015-07-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Third Internal Market package marks a watershed in the EU's efforts to introduce effective liberalization of its electricity and gas markets. Written by the key Commission officials and practitioners, this new and fully updated fourth edition includes in-depth contributions on: a common electricity and gas wholesale market * third party access * unbundling of Transmission System Operators and Distribution System Operators * National Regulatory Authorities * regulation of cross-border electricity exchanges * gas regulation * retail market development and public service objectives * derogations and exemptions * common network rules * security of supply * reporting and review of the Directives * implementation and entry into force * the internal energy market and neighboring countries * an introduction to the energy market of the US. *** Librarians: ebook available on ProQuest and EBSCO [Subject: EU Law, Energy Law]

Download or read book European Union Policy Making written by Nicole Herweg and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-23 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book furthers the ongoing theoretical development of the multiple streams framework, assessing its applicability to European Union (EU) policy-making processes. It systematically defines and identifies functional equivalents for all of the framework’s core concepts at the EU level and extends the framework in order to explain agenda-setting and decision-making. Furthermore, the book derives a set of explicit hypotheses to empirically assess the extent to which the (modified) framework is able to explain timing, agenda prominence, and policy change (or a lack thereof) for the EU natural gas directives passed in 1998, 2003, and 2009. The analysis documents that the framework is well-suited to explain the EU policy process in general and reveals where additional theoretical refinements are required.

Download or read book Liberalisation of Natural Gas Markets written by Onur Demir and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-21 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates the overall natural gas reform performance of Turkey, addressing both shortfalls and setbacks that have prevented Turkey from the fulfillment of the regulatory implementation since 2001, and how the prospectively liberalised natural gas market can effectively operate at all levels. Although eighteen years have passed since the introduction of the first legislation as a basis for a more liberalised Turkish natural gas market, the completion of the reform process still suffers from a lack of enforcement. The book offers recommendations to address this, the main one being that policy makers should give due consideration to the consolidation of EMRA’s independent role with appropriate safeguards laid out to prevent attempts of regulatory misuse. The book concludes by suggesting that there is a compelling need to move forward with a consolidated reform sooner rather than later if Turkey genuinely wishes to take a leadership position in the race to become an efficient gas hub and be part of Europe’s single energy market.

Download or read book Competition and Liberalization in European Gas Markets written by Jonathan P. Stern and published by Chatham House (Formerly Riia). This book was released on 1998 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study traces the breakdown of market management in European gas markets and the emergence of gas-to-gas competition and liberalized access to networks. A surplus of gas supply and pipeline capacity, combined with institutional change to reduce monopoly power and bring new entrants into the industry, are the most important drivers for change.

Download or read book Rethinking the EU Regulatory Strategy for the Internal Energy Market written by Christian Egenhofer and published by CEPS. This book was released on 2004 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A key message of this report is that full and effective implementation of proposed legislation will be necessary to ensure a true internal market for energy in the EU, but this alone will not be sufficient. In parallel, more attention must be paid to other, less-prominent fields. The report singles out i) the introduction of incentive-based network regulation and ii) the careful design of principal elements of the wholesale market, i.e. trade of electricity and gas for resale ("wholesale market design and rules"). Moreover, the internal market needs to be buttressed with the consistent application of competition rules across member states to avoid the creation of national champions. The report also argues that a functioning electricity and gas market depends on market-compatible solutions to security of supply and environmental issues and a rethinking of "executive agencies", whose use to date is inhibited by the Meroni doctrine.

Download or read book Competition in Energy Markets written by Peter D. Cameron and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2002 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent years have seen a major growth in the European law concerning the operation of the energy industry, especially with respect to electricity and gas. Several directives have been adopted that are aimed at the promotion of competition in this key sector of the European economy. At thesame time, the jurisprudence of the European Court had developed further on matters such as access to networks, import and export monopolies and security of supply.In this book the authors examine the principal legislation, Treaty provisions and decisions of the Court of Justice and Court of First Instance of the EU as they related to the promotion of competition in European energy markets. In particular, two chapters are devoted to a detailed analysis of theprovisions of the two directives that set out common rules for the creation of an internal market in the electricity and gas sectors. In each case, the analysis is set in the context of the various programmes of energy market liberalization and privatization in the Member States, which aresummarized in this book. However, the authors also take the wider pan-European context into account, explaining the requirements and the implications of the European Economic Area Agreement, the Energy Charter Treaty and the Europe Agreements with countries of Central and Eastern Europe.The approach adopted by the authors is both analytical and historical. They locate the legislation in the context of the EU Internal Market programme that began in the late 1980s and explain the roles played by the various parties (energy industries, consumers and EU institutions) in shaping thefinal legislation. Importantly, they explain how the framework character of the energy directives has led to further important rule-making in the implementation of the directives across the EU. They conclude that a co-ordinated response between the European Commission and the national regulatorswill be essential to resolve problems arising in the transition to a competitive energy market in the EU.

Download or read book Natural Gas in the Internal Market A Review of Energy Policy written by Ernst Mestmacker and published by Springer. This book was released on 1993 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work analyses key issues of a European policy and future regulation for natural gas. The structure and performance of gas markets and the organizational characteristics of gas supply, transmission and distribution are considered. The work examines how the regulatory policies of Member States differ substantially from one another and from most determinants of a European energy policy: differences in system of ownership on all levels of the industry; in degrees of concentration and integration; in market structures of supply and demand especially in access to natural gas sources; in regulatory policies and priorities especially regarding gas-to-gas and substitute competition; in regulatory instruments; in motions of national interest, optimal use and preservation of resources and investments; and dependence on foreign supplies. The development of Community law benefits from an appreciation of these factors, and experts from most EC member states provide a rigorous and thorough analysis of the issues.

Download or read book L Habeas Corpus digitale e le nuove tecnologie in Europa written by and published by Alpina Srl. This book was released on 2014 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Toward a Common European Union Energy Policy written by V. Birchfield and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-07-18 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the mid-2000s, the European Union has made unprecedented strides toward the creation of a common energy policy. This book takes stock of these developments, evaluating how much progress has actually been made and what remains to be done, what factors explain these recent advances and their limitations.