Download or read book Leverage Effect on Investment Efficiency written by Diana Gustafsson and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012-04 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book studies the effects of leverage on investment efficiency in Swedish listed firms 1997-2005. The effects are studied separately for over- and underinvesting firms. To measure investment efficiency we employ three different measures: marginal q, absolute investments (defined as capital expenditures plus research and development expenditures) and Tobin s Q. The application of three different investment efficiency measures is one of the main contributions of this study. The investment efficiency of overinvesting firms was hypothesized to be improved by higher leverage. The results based on marginal q accepted this hypothesis. The absolute investments and Tobin s Q results could not accept nor reject the hypothesis, but indicated an improvement of investment efficiency for overinvesting firms as a result of increased leverage. For underinvesting firms, investment efficiency was hypothesized to decrease with leverage. The marginal q and Tobin s Q results rejected this hypothesis. The absolute investments results could only accept this hypothesis on the 10% significance level. Thus, the results indicate that investment efficiency increases with leverage for both groups of firms.
Download or read book A Tea Reader written by Katrina Avila Munichiello and published by Tuttle Publishing. This book was released on 2017-03-21 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Tea Reader contains a selection of stories that cover the spectrum of life. This anthology shares the ways that tea has changed lives through personal, intimate stories. Read of deep family moments, conquered heartbreak, and peace found in the face of loss. A Tea Reader includes stories from all types of tea people: people brought up in the tea tradition, those newly discovering it, classic writings from long-ago tea lovers and those making tea a career. Together these tales create a new image of a tea drinker. They show that tea is not simply something you drink, but it also provides quiet moments for making important decisions, a catalyst for conversation, and the energy we sometimes need to operate in our lives. The stories found in A Tea Reader cover the spectrum of life, such as the development of new friendships, beginning new careers, taking dream journeys, and essentially sharing the deep moments of life with friends and families. Whether you are a tea lover or not, here you will discover stories that speak to you and inspire you. Sit down, grab a cup, and read on.
Download or read book EIB Working Papers 2018 08 Debt overhang and investment efficiency written by European Investment Bank and published by European Investment Bank. This book was released on 2019-04-29 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using a pan-European data set of 8.5 million firms, this paper finds that firms with high debt overhang invest relatively more than otherwise similar firms if they are operating in sectors facing good global growth opportunities. At the same time, the positive impact of a marginal increase in debt on investment efficiency disappears if firm debt is already excessive, if it is dominated by short maturities, and during systemic banking crises. The results are consistent with theories of the disciplining role of debt, as well as with models highlighting the negative link between agency problems at firms and banks and investment efficiency.
Download or read book Debt Overhang and Investment Efficiency written by Francesca Barbiero and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using a pan-European dataset of 8.5 million rms, we nd that rms with high debt overhang invest relatively more than otherwise similar rms if they are operating in sectors facing good global growth opportunities. This eect is robust to controlling for rm xed eects and for country-sector-time xed eects. At the same time, the positive impact of a marginal increase in debt on investment eciency disappears if rm debt is excessive, if it is dominated by short maturities, and during systemic banking crises. Our results are consistent with theories highlighting the disciplining role of debt over equity.
Download or read book How Does Financial Pressure Affect Firms written by Stephen Nickell and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Securitization and Aggregate Investment Efficiency written by Afrasiab Mirza and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper studies the efficiency of competitive equilibria in economies where the expansion of investment is facilitated by securitization. We show that the use of se-curitization is generally associated with constrained inefficient aggregate investment, thereby justifying regulatory intervention in markets for securitized assets. We examine the effectiveness of three policy instruments to address this ine ciency: ex-ante capital / leverage requirements, skin-in-the game (retention) requirements and initiatives to improve transparency in the securitization process. We find that leverage/capital restrictions and improved transparency can increase welfare in our environment, but that forcing originators to hold additional skin-in-the game can never increase welfare.
Download or read book Corporate Capital Structures in the United States written by Benjamin M. Friedman and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2009-05-15 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research reported in this volume represents the second stage of a wide-ranging National Bureau of Economic Research effort to investigate "The Changing Role of Debt and Equity in Financing U.S. Capital Formation." The first group of studies sponsored under this project, which have been published individually and summarized in a 1982 volume bearing the same title (Friedman 1982), addressed several key issues relevant to corporate sector behavior along with such other aspects of the evolving financial underpinnings of U.S. capital formation as household saving incentives, international capital flows, and government debt management. In the project's second series of studies, presented at the National Bureau of Economic Research conference in January 1983 and published here for the first time along with commentaries from that conference, the central focus is the financial side of capital formation undertaken by the U.S. corporate business sector. At the same time, because corporations' securities must be held, a parallel focus is on the behavior of the markets that price these claims.
Download or read book Beyond Traditional Probabilistic Methods in Economics written by Vladik Kreinovich and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-24 with total page 1167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents recent research on probabilistic methods in economics, from machine learning to statistical analysis. Economics is a very important – and at the same a very difficult discipline. It is not easy to predict how an economy will evolve or to identify the measures needed to make an economy prosper. One of the main reasons for this is the high level of uncertainty: different difficult-to-predict events can influence the future economic behavior. To make good predictions and reasonable recommendations, this uncertainty has to be taken into account. In the past, most related research results were based on using traditional techniques from probability and statistics, such as p-value-based hypothesis testing. These techniques led to numerous successful applications, but in the last decades, several examples have emerged showing that these techniques often lead to unreliable and inaccurate predictions. It is therefore necessary to come up with new techniques for processing the corresponding uncertainty that go beyond the traditional probabilistic techniques. This book focuses on such techniques, their economic applications and the remaining challenges, presenting both related theoretical developments and their practical applications.
Download or read book The Macroeconomic Effects of Public Investment written by Mr.Abdul Abiad and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-05-04 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper provides new evidence of the macroeconomic effects of public investment in advanced economies. Using public investment forecast errors to identify the causal effect of government investment in a sample of 17 OECD economies since 1985 and model simulations, the paper finds that increased public investment raises output, both in the short term and in the long term, crowds in private investment, and reduces unemployment. Several factors shape the macroeconomic effects of public investment. When there is economic slack and monetary accommodation, demand effects are stronger, and the public-debt-to-GDP ratio may actually decline. Public investment is also more effective in boosting output in countries with higher public investment efficiency and when it is financed by issuing debt.
Download or read book Early Stage Valuation written by Antonella Puca and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-06-30 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addresses significant developments in the valuation of early stage enterprises at fair value with emphasis on practical applications—features a broad selection of case studies of early stage valuation Early Stage Valuation: A Fair Value Perspective provides a comprehensive review of the current methodologies used to value Early Stage Enterprises (ESEs) at fair value for financial reporting, investment, and mergers and acquisitions. Author Antonella Puca, Senior Director with Alvarez & Marsal Valuation Services in New York, provides accurate, up-to-date information on recent guidelines and new approaches for valuation assessments. This authoritative guide examines how to apply market analysis, discounted cash flows models, statistical techniques such as option pricing models (OPM) and Monte Carlo simulation, the venture capital method and non-GAAP metrics to ESE valuation. The text considers the most recent AICPA, Appraisal Foundation and IPEV guidance, and examines developments in both academic research and venture capital investor practice. Numerous real-world case studies illustrate early stage valuation suitable for structuring sound, internally consistent business transactions. Covering current trends and the latest regulatory guidance in the area, this book: Provides step-by-step guidance on practical valuation applications Reflects current standards for ESE valuation, including the AICPA Guide to the Valuation of Portfolio Company Investments, the IPEV guidelines and guidance from the Appraisal Foundation Covers new approaches to the valuation of ESEs with option pricing models, Monte Carlo Simulation, calibration and non-GAAP metrics Offers an overview of start-up valuation Discusses how intangible assets are impacting the valuation of ESEs The book also includes contributions from Neil Beaton, Andreas Dal Santo, Alexander Davie, John Jackman and Mark Zyla. Early Stage Valuation: A Fair Value Perspective is an essential resource for valuation specialists, private equity and venture capital fund managers, analysts, attorneys, investment bankers, regulators and auditors, and investors with interest in the private equity and venture capital industry.
Download or read book Portfolio Preferences of Foreign Institutional Investors written by Reena Aggarwal and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book OECD Sovereign Borrowing Outlook 2021 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2021-05-20 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edition of the OECD Sovereign Borrowing Outlook reviews developments in response to the COVID-19 pandemic for government borrowing needs, funding conditions and funding strategies in the OECD area.
Download or read book Systemic Banking Crises Database written by Mr.Luc Laeven and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2012-06-01 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We update the widely used banking crises database by Laeven and Valencia (2008, 2010) with new information on recent and ongoing crises, including updated information on policy responses and outcomes (i.e. fiscal costs, output losses, and increases in public debt). We also update our dating of sovereign debt and currency crises. The database includes all systemic banking, currency, and sovereign debt crises during the period 1970-2011. The data show some striking differences in policy responses between advanced and emerging economies as well as many similarities between past and ongoing crises.
Download or read book The Debt equity Choice written by Ronald W. Masulis and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Accounting Conservatism and Firm Investment Efficiency written by Juan M. García Lara and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We argue that conservatism improves investment efficiency. In particular, we predict that it resolves debt-equity conflicts, facilitating a firm's access to debt financing and limiting underinvestment. This permits the financing of prudent investments that otherwise might not be pursued. Our empirical results confirm these predictions. We find that more conservative firms invest more and issue more debt in settings prone to underinvestment and that these effects are more pronounced in firms characterized by greater information asymmetries. We also find that conservatism is associated with reduced overinvestment, even for opaque investments such as research and development.
Download or read book The Debt Trap written by Sebastien Canderle and published by Harriman House Limited. This book was released on 2016-09-19 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the inside story of private equity dealmaking. Over the last 40 years, LBO fund managers have demonstrated that they are good at making money for themselves and their investors. But when one looks beneath the surface of the transactions they engineer, it is apparent that these deals can, at times, go spectacularly wrong. Through 14 business stories, all emanating from the noughties' credit bubble and including headline-grabbing names like Caesars, Debenhams, EMI, Hertz, Seat Pagine Gialle and TXU, The Debt Trap shows how, via controversial practices like quick flips, repeat dividend recaps, heavy cost-cutting and asset-stripping, leveraged buyouts changed, for better or for worse, the way private companies are financed and managed today. From technological disruption in the worlds of music recording and business-directory publishing to economic turbulence in the gambling, real estate and energy sectors, highly levered corporations are often incapable of handling market corrections when debt commitments start piling up. Behind the historical events and the financial empires erected by some of the elite private equity specialists, these 14 in-depth case studies examine how value-maximising techniques and a short-cut mentality can impact investment returns and portfolio assets. Whether you are a PE practitioner, investor, business manager, academic or business student, you will find The Debt Trap to be an authoritative and fascinating account.
Download or read book Knights Raiders and Targets written by John C. Coffee and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1988 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
