Download or read book The Letter of Petrus Peregrinus on the Magnet A D 1269 written by Petrus Peregrinus and published by Library of Alexandria. This book was released on 2020-09-28 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The poet Claudian (365-408 A. D.) wrote a short idyll on the attractive virtue of the lodestone and its symbolism; St. Augustine (354-430), in his work De Civitate Dei, records the fact that a lodestone, held under a silver plate, draws after it a scrap of iron lying on the plate. Abbot Neckam, the Augustinian (1157-1217), distinguishes between the properties of the two ends of the lodestone, and gives in his De Utensilibus, what is perhaps the earliest reference to the mariner’s compass that we have. Albertus Magnus, the Dominican (1193-1280), in his treatise, De Mineralibus, enumerates different kinds of natural magnets and states some of the properties commonly attributed to them; the minstrel, Guyot de Provins, in a famous satirical poem, written about 1208, refers to the directive quality of the lodestone and its use in navigation, as do also Cardinal de Vitry in his Historia Orientalis(1215-1220); Brunetto Latini, poet, orator and philosopher, in his Trésor des Sciences, a veritable library, written in Paris in 1260; Raymond Lully, the Enlightened Doctor, in his treatise, De Contemplatione, begun in 1272, and Guido Guinicelli, the poet-priest of Bologna, who died in 1276. The authors of these learned works were too busy with the pen to find time to devote to the close and prolonged study of natural phenomena necessary for fruitful discovery, and so had to content themselves with recording and discussing in their tomes the scientific knowledge of their age without making any notable additions to it. But this was not the case with such contemporaries of theirs as Roger Bacon, the Franciscan, and his Gallic friend, Pierre de Maricourt, commonly called Petrus Peregrinus, the subject of the present notice, a man of academic culture and of a practical rather than speculative turn of mind. Of the early years of Peregrinus nothing is known save that he studied probably at the University of Paris, and that he graduated with the highest scholastic honors. He owes his surname to the village of Maricourt, in Picardy, and the appellation Peregrinus, or Pilgrim, to his having visited the Holy Land as a member of one of the crusading expeditions of the time. In 1269 we find him in the engineering corps of the French army then besieging Lucera, in Southern Italy, which had revolted from the authority of its French master, Charles of Anjou. To Peregrinus was assigned the work of fortifying the camp and laying mines as well as of constructing engines for projecting stones and fire-balls into the beleaguered city. It was in the midst of such warlike preoccupations that the idea seems to have occurred to him of devising a piece of mechanism to keep the astronomical sphere of Archimedes in uniform rotation for a definite time. In the course of his work over the new motor, Peregrinus was gradually led to consider the more fascinating problem of perpetual motion itself with the result that he showed, at least diagrammatically, and to his own evident satisfaction, how a wheel might be driven round forever by the power of magnetic attraction.
Download or read book The Letter of Petrus Peregrinus on the Magnet A D 1269 written by De Maricourt active 13th century Pierre and published by Good Press. This book was released on 2023-10-26 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pierre de Maricourt, a prominent figure in the 13th century, penned the groundbreaking work 'The Letter of Petrus Peregrinus on the Magnet, A.D. 1269,' which delves into the realm of magnetism and its properties. In this informative text, de Maricourt displays a keen understanding of science and engineering for his time, as he uncovers the intricate behavior of magnets and their polarity. Written in the form of a letter, the book showcases a unique blend of scholarly analysis and practical observations, making it a valuable contribution to the study of magnetism in the medieval era. With its lucid explanations and empirical evidence, the work stands as a testament to de Maricourt's intellectual prowess and inquisitive spirit, setting the stage for future advancements in the field of physics and magnetism. Overall, 'The Letter of Petrus Peregrinus on the Magnet, A.D. 1269' is a must-read for anyone interested in the history of science and the evolution of magnetic theory, offering a fascinating glimpse into the scientific achievements of the medieval period.
Download or read book The Letter of Petrus Peregrinus on the Magnet A D 1269 written by Pierre (de Maricourt) and published by . This book was released on 1904 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Letter of Petrus Peregrinus on the Magnet written by and published by . This book was released on 1904 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scientific Concepts and Investigative Practice written by Uljana Feest and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2012-10-30 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent philosophy and history of science has seen a surge of interest in the role of concepts in scientific research. Scholars working in this new field focus on scientific concepts, rather than theories, as units of analysis and on the ways in which concepts are formed and used rather than on what they represent. They analyze what has traditionally been called the context of discovery, rather than (or in addition to) the context of justification. And they examine the dynamics of research rather than the status of the finished research results. This volume provides detailed case studies and general analyses to address questions raised by these points, such as: - Can concepts be clearly distinguished from the sets of beliefs we have about their referents? - What - if any - sense can be made of the separation between concepts and theories? - Can we distinguish between empirical and theoretical concepts? - Are there interesting similarities and differences between the role of concepts in the empirical sciences and in mathematics? - What underlying notion of investigative practice could be drawn on to explicate the role of concept in such practice? - From a philosophical point of view, is the distinction between discovery and justification a helpful frame of reference for inquiring into the dynamics of research? - From a historiographical point of view, does a focus on concepts face the danger of falling back into an old-fashioned history of ideas?
Download or read book Catalogue of the Library of the Patent Office written by Great Britain. Patent Office. Library and published by . This book was released on 1910 with total page 860 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The United States Catalog written by and published by . This book was released on 1906 with total page 2048 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Publishers Weekly written by and published by . This book was released on 1904 with total page 2122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Big Ideas in Physics and How to Teach Them written by Ben Rogers and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-04-18 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Big Ideas in Physics and How to Teach Them provides all of the knowledge and skills you need to teach physics effectively at secondary level. Each chapter provides the historical narrative behind a Big Idea, explaining its significance, the key figures behind it, and its place in scientific history. Accompanied by detailed ready-to-use lesson plans and classroom activities, the book expertly fuses the ‘what to teach’ and the ‘how to teach it', creating an invaluable resource which contains not only a thorough explanation of physics, but also the applied pedagogy to ensure its effective translation to students in the classroom. Including a wide range of teaching strategies, archetypal assessment questions and model answers, the book tackles misconceptions and offers succinct and simple explanations of complex topics. Each of the five big ideas in physics are covered in detail: electricity forces energy particles the universe. Aimed at new and trainee physics teachers, particularly non-specialists, this book provides the knowledge and skills you need to teach physics successfully at secondary level, and will inject new life into your physics teaching.
Download or read book Publishers Weekly written by and published by . This book was released on 1904 with total page 1762 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The American Catholic Quarterly Review written by and published by . This book was released on 1908 with total page 840 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The American Catholic Quarterly Review written by James Andrew Corcoran and published by . This book was released on 1908 with total page 846 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Popes and Science written by James Joseph Walsh and published by . This book was released on 1915 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Popes and Science The History of the Papal Relations to Science During the Middle Ages and Down to Our Own Time written by James Joseph Walsh and published by Library of Alexandria. This book was released on with total page 687 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When, some years ago, the announcement of the prospective opening of the medical school at Fordham University, New York City, was made, the preliminary faculty were rather astonished to find that a number of intelligent physicians expressed surprise that there should be any question of the establishment of a medical school in connection with a Catholic institution of learning, since, as they understood, the Church forbade the practice of dissection, and in general was distinctly unfavorable to the development of medical science. Most of us had already known of the false persuasion existing in some minds, that by a Papal decree the practice of dissection had been forbidden during the Middle Ages, but it was hard to understand how men should think, in this day of general information, that Catholics were not free to pursue the study of any true science, and above all medical science, without let or hindrance from ecclesiastical authorities. In a word, though we live in what we are pleased to call an enlightened age with the schoolmaster abroad in the land, as is so proudly proclaimed, we encountered the most childish simplicity of belief in a number of old-time prejudices as to the position of the Church with regard to the study of science. We found such a curious state of positive ignorance and such an erroneous, pretentious knowledge with regard to the supposed attitude of the Church to medicine especially, that we realized that the first thing that the new medical department would have to do would be to set about correcting authoritatively the false notions which existed with regard to the Popes and medical science. Most of the misinformation in this matter in American minds, we soon found, had its origin in Dr. Andrew D. White's volumes, "On the History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom." It is impossible for anyone to read Dr. White's chapter on from Miracles to Medicine in this work without coming to the conclusion that the constant policy of the Church for all the centuries down practically to our own time was to prevent the progress of medicine as far as possible. The reason for this policy, presumably, must be taken to be that it was to the interest of the ecclesiastics to have people apply to them for healing. Sufferers were to look to miracles rather than to drugs for their relief from ailments of any and every kind. Prayers were to be considered as much more efficacious than powders, and Masses much more likely to do good than the most careful nursing. These ecclesiastical offices had to be paid for. Accordingly, people had to be discouraged from applying to physicians, medical schools were kept under an ecclesiastical ban, "dissection was prohibited," anatomy declared "a sin against the Holy Ghost," "chemistry forbidden under the severest penalties," "the medieval miracles of healing checked medical science," "the practice of surgery was relegated mainly to the lowest orders of practitioners and confined strictly to them," "as the grasp of theology upon education tightened, medicine declined," and every possible means was employed to keep the popular mind in subjection to the clergy, and to prevent physicians from getting so much knowledge as would enable them to help free the people from the bondage of superstition, of which they were the victims and the slaves.
Download or read book Modern Ferrites Volume 2 written by Vincent G. Harris and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-11-08 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MODERN FERRITES, Volume 2 A robust exploration of the basic principles of ferrimagnetic and their applications In Modern Ferrites: Volume 2, renowned researcher and educator, Vincent G. Harris delivers a comprehensive overview of ferrimagnetic phenomena and discussions of select applications of modern ferrite materials in emerging technologies and applications. Volume 2 explores fundamental properties of ferrite systems, including their structure, chemistry, and magnetism, as well as practical applications, such as permanent magnets; inductors, inverters, and filters; and their use in emerging applications as metamaterials, multiferroics, and biomedical technologies. In addition to the properties of ferrites, the included resources explore the processing, structure, and property relationships in ferrites as nanoparticles, thin and thick films, compacts, and crystals. The authors discuss how these relationships are key to realizing practical device applications laying the foundation for next generation communications, radar, sensing, and biomedical technologies. This volume includes: A comprehensive review of ferrite discoveries and impacts upon ancient cultures, their scientific evolution, and societal benefits; Discussion of the origins of magnetism in ferrimagnetic oxides including superexchange theory, GKA-rules, and recent developments in density functional theory; In-depth examination of ferrite power conversion and conditioning components and their processing as low temperature co-fired ceramics; Ferrite-based electromagnetic interference suppression and electromagnetic absorption; Nonlinear microwave devices; multiferroic and emerging magnetoelectric devices; Biomedical applications of ferrite nanoparticles Perfect for RF engineers and magnetitians working in the fields of RF electronics, radar, communications, and spintronics as well as other emerging technologies. Modern Ferrites will earn a place on the bookshelves of engineers and scientists interested in the ever-expanding technologies reliant upon ferrite materials and new processing methodologies. Modern Ferrites Volume 1: Basic Principles, Processing and Properties is also available (ISBN: 9781118971468).
Download or read book Bulletin written by Enoch Pratt Free Library of Baltimore City and published by . This book was released on 1905 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Reference Catalogue of Current Literature written by and published by . This book was released on 1906 with total page 1770 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
