Download or read book Letter Book London and Philadelphia 1681 1684 written by James Claypoole and published by San Marino, Calif. : Huntington Library. This book was released on 1967 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The letters that make up this book present a vivid account of the life of an active and successful businessman in the latter seventeenth century. They give a fresh, absorbing picture of the early years of the colony of Pennsylvania and of the inner (as well as outer) life of London Quaker merchant James Claypoole, who was by turns generous and penny-pinching, forbearing with important clients, intolerant with others, deeply religious, often irritable--but certainly never dull. He loaned large sums of money to his brothers and friends, knowing he would never get it back, yet he haggled for months over tiny debts. A man of peace, he quarreled with most of his correspondents, writing them verbose sermons but continuing to do business with them. He was strictly honest in all his business dealings, but he cheated the Customs when he could and was furious when they caught and fined him. He was a good friend of William Penn and George Fox, and of all the leading Quakers of the day. He was hard-working and popular in his Meeting, and one can only conclude that he had charm. Claypoole also had intelligence, as Fox and Penn consulted him about their writings, and he helped Penn draft the Frame of Government for Pennsylvania. He held a prominent post in the Free Society of Traders. As the letter book begins about the time Penn was granted his colony, the reader can follow, week by week, the founding of the state, in which Claypoole played an important part. The reader can also see the frustrations in the life of a seventeenth-century merchant and the workings of an expanding colonial trade. Although Claypoole was in debt when he left London to follow Penn to Philadelphia, when he died a few years later he was one of the richest merchants in that infant town.
Download or read book Between Two Worlds written by Malcolm Gaskill and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2014 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transatlantic story of how the English settlers of seventeenth century North America became Americans - from the near-calamitous first settlement at Jamestown in 1607 to the drama of the Salem witch trials.
Download or read book Restoration England 1660 1689 written by William Lewis Sachse and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1971-07-02 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book London Marine Insurance 1438 1824 written by Adrian Leonard and published by Boydell & Brewer. This book was released on 2022 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first comprehensive history of marine insurance transacted in London from the industry's beginnings, to the early-nineteenth-century, when legislative change ended parliamentary monopolies over the business.This book describes the development and evolution of the customary, legal, and commercial institutions of marine insurance, alongside its developing organisational structures. It analyses major market interventions during the period, including state-sponsored initiatives in the late sixteenth century, the introduction of new corporate forms in the early eighteenth century, and the formation and maturation of Lloyd's of London. The book examines the impact of crises such as the Smyrna catastrophe of 1693 and the South Sea Bubble, and makes comparisons with developments in other marine insurance markets. In revealing how the London insurance market changed over centuries, the book discusses issues of risk and uncertainty, the financial revolution, the development of trade, and the reciprocal developmental roles of markets and the state. Overall, it highlights the ways that efficient and effective marine insurance capable of adapting according to circumstance was vital to the growth of trade and the economy.l roles of markets and the state. Overall, it highlights the ways that efficient and effective marine insurance capable of adapting according to circumstance was vital to the growth of trade and the economy.l roles of markets and the state. Overall, it highlights the ways that efficient and effective marine insurance capable of adapting according to circumstance was vital to the growth of trade and the economy.l roles of markets and the state. Overall, it highlights the ways that efficient and effective marine insurance capable of adapting according to circumstance was vital to the growth of trade and the economy.
Download or read book The Culture of Commerce in England 1660 1720 written by Natasha Glaisyer and published by Boydell & Brewer. This book was released on 2006 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Late seventeenth- and early eighteenth-century England - the period between the Restoration and the South Sea Bubble - was dramatically transformed by the massive cost of fighting wars, and, significantly, a huge increase in the re-export trade. This book seeks to ask how commerce was legitimated, promoted, fashioned, defined and understood in this period of spectacular commercial and financial 'revolution'. It examines the packaging and portrayal of commerce, and of commercial knowledge, positioning itself between studies of merchant culture on the one hand and of the commercialisation of society on the other. It focuses on four main areas: the Royal Exchange where the London trading community gathered; sermons preached before mercantile audiences; periodicals and newspapers concerned with trade; and commercial didactic literature. Dr NATASHA GLAISYER teaches in the Department of History at the University of York.
Download or read book Thomas Holme 1624 1695 written by Irma Corcoran and published by American Philosophical Society. This book was released on 1992 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The odyssey of Thomas Holme, William Penn's first surveyor general, began when Holme enrolled in the war against Charles I and proceeded through England, and, finally, to William Penn's Province of PA. He was a captain in Cromwell's army, a Quaker minister, author, and administrator, and landholder and merchant. It was from this life that William Penn drafted him to be the first surveyor general of his province. There he laid out the city of Phila., oversaw the surveying and settlement of southeastern PA, and participated in the formation of the gov't. that has been called the protopye of the gov't. of the U.S. Throughout the struggles of the first dozen years of PA he was a partisan and defender of the interests of William Penn. Maps.
Download or read book The Quakers 1656 1723 written by Richard C. Allen and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2018-11-28 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This landmark volume is the first in a century to examine the “Second Period” of Quakerism, a time when the Religious Society of Friends experienced upheavals in theology, authority and institutional structures, and political trajectories as a result of the persecution Quakers faced in the first decades of the movement’s existence. The authors and special contributors explore the early growth of Quakerism, assess important developments in Quaker faith and practice, and show how Friends coped with the challenges posed by external and internal threats in the final years of the Stuart age—not only in Europe and North America but also in locations such as the Caribbean. This groundbreaking collection sheds new light on a range of subjects, including the often tense relations between Quakers and the authorities, the role of female Friends during the Second Period, the effect of major industrial development on Quakerism, and comparisons between founder George Fox and the younger generation of Quakers, such as Robert Barclay, George Keith, and William Penn. Accessible, well-researched, and seamlessly comprehensive, The Quakers, 1656–1723 promises to reinvigorate a conversation largely ignored by scholarship over the last century and to become the definitive work on this important era in Quaker history. In addition to the authors, the contributors are Erin Bell, Raymond Brown, J. William Frost, Emma Lapsansky-Werner, Robynne Rogers Healey, Alan P. F. Sell, and George Southcombe.
Download or read book Troubled Experiment written by Jack D. Marietta and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2006-09-26 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Troubled Experiment exposes the difference between glowing reputation and grim reality of crime in early Pennsylvania. The plight of lawmakers and magistrates, and the sufferings of victims, women, children, and minorities take their places in this tragedy. The authors conclude that through this lens, we see the troubled future of America.
Download or read book Walking in the Way of Peace written by Meredith Baldwin Weddle and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2001-05-03 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates the historical context, meaning, and expression of early Quaker pacifism in England and its colonies. Weddle focuses primarily on one historical moment--King Philip's War, which broke out in 1675 between English settlers and Indians in New England. Among the settlers were Quakers, adherents of the movement that had gathered by 1652 out of the religious and social turmoil of the English Civil War. King Philip's War confronted the New England Quakers with the practical need to define the parameters of their peace testimony --to test their principles and to choose how they would respond to violence. The Quaker governors of Rhode Island, for example, had to reconcile their beliefs with the need to provide for the common defense. Others had to reconcile their peace principles with such concerns as seeking refuge in garrisons, collecting taxes for war, carrying guns for self-defense as they worked in the fields, and serving in the militia. Indeed, Weddle has uncovered records of many Quakers engaged in or abetting acts of violence, thus debunking the traditional historiography of Quakers as saintly pacifists. Weddle shows that Quaker pacifism existed as a doctrinal position before the 1660 crackdown on religious sectarians, but that it was a radical theological position rather than a pragmatic strategy. She thus convincingly refutes the Marxist argument that Quakers acted from economic and political, and not religious motives. She examines in detail how the Quakers' theology worked--how, for example, their interpretation of certain biblical passages affected their politics--and traces the evolution of the concept of pacifism from a doctrine that was essentially about protecting the state of one's own soul to one concerned with the consequences of violence to other human beings.
Download or read book George Whitehead and the Establishment of Quakerism written by Rosemary Moore and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2021-08-30 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From around 1660 to his death in 1723, George Whitehead was a leader in the struggle for toleration, the development of the Quaker organisation, and the adaptation of Quaker theology to the needs of the time.
Download or read book The Worlds of William Penn written by Andrew R. Murphy and published by Rutgers University Press. This book was released on 2019 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Edited collection taking a wide-ranging look at William Penn's life and legacy, spanning everything from art history to literature, to history, to political theory, to American studies, to British studies."--Provided by publisher.
Download or read book First among Friends written by H. Larry Ingle and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1996-01-04 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In First Among Friends, the first scholarly biography of George Fox (1624-91), H. Larry Ingle examines the fascinating life of the reformation leader and founding organizer of the Religious Society of Friends, more popularly known today as the Quakers. Ingle places Fox within the upheavals of the English Civil Wars, Revolution, and Restoration, showing him and his band of "rude" disciples challenging the status quo, particularly during the Cromwellian Interregnum. Unlike leaders of similar groups, Fox responded to the conservatism of the Stuart restoration by facing down challenges from internal dissidents, and leading his followers to persevere until the 1689 Act of Toleration. It was this same sense of perseverance that helped the Quakers to survive and remain the only religious sect of the era still existing today. This insightful study uses broad research in contemporary manuscripts and pamphlets, many never examined systematically before. Firmly grounded in primary sources and enriched with gripping detail, this well-written and original study reveals unknown sides of one who was clearly "First Among Friends."
Download or read book The Quaker Community on Barbados written by Larry Dale Gragg and published by University of Missouri Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prior to the Quakers' large scale migration to Pennsylvania, Barbados had more Quakers than any other English colony. But on this island of sugar plantations, Quakers confronted material temptations and had to temper founder George Fox's admonitions regarding slavery with the demoralizing realities of daily life in a slave based economy one where even most Quakers owned slaves. In The Quaker Community on Barbados, Larry Gragg shows how the community dealt with these contradictions as it struggled to change the culture of the richest of England's seventeenth century colonies. Gragg has conducted meticulous research on two continents to re create the Barbados Quaker community. Drawing on wills, censuses, and levy books along with surviving letters, sermons, and journals, he tells how the Quakers sought to implement their beliefs in peace, simplicity, and equality in a place ruled by a planter class that had built its wealth on the backs of slaves. He reveals that Barbados Quakers were a critical part of a transatlantic network of Friends and explains how they established a ¿counterculture¿ on the island one that challenged the practices of the planter class and the class's dominance in island government, church, and economy. In this compelling study, Gragg focuses primarily on the seventeenth century when the Quakers were most numerous and active on Barbados. He tells how Friends sought to convert slaves and improve their working and living conditions. He describes how Quakers refused to fund the Anglican Church, take oaths, participate in the militia, or pay taxes to maintain forts and how they condemned Anglican clergymen, disrupted their services, and wrote papers critical of the established church. By the 1680s, Quakers were maintaining five meetinghouses and several cemeteries, paying for their own poor relief, and keeping their own records of births, deaths, and marriages. Gragg also tells of the severe challenges and penalties they faced for confronting and rejecting the dominant culture. With their civil disobedience and stand on slavery, Quakers on Barbados played an important role in the early British Empire but have been largely neglected by scholars. Gragg's work makes their contribution clear as it opens a new window on the seventeenth and eighteenth century Atlantic world.
Download or read book Early American Proverbs and Proverbial Phrases written by Bartlett Jere Whiting and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1977 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: p.B. J. Whiting savors proverbial expressions and has devoted much of his lifetime to studying and collecting them; no one knows more about British and American proverbs than he. The present volume, based upon writings in British North America from the earliest settlements to approximately 1820, complements his and Archer Taylor's Dictionary of American Proverbs and Proverbial Phrases, 1820-1880. It differs from that work and from other standard collections, however, in that its sources are primarily not "literary" but instead workaday writings - letters, diaries, histories, travel books, political pamphlets, and the like. The authors represent a wide cross-section of the populace, from scholars and statesmen to farmers, shopkeepers, sailors, and hunters. Mr. Whiting has combed all the obvious sources and hundreds of out-of-the-way publications of local journals and historical societies. This body of material, "because it covers territory that has not been extracted and compiled in a scholarly way before, can justly be said to be the most valuable of all those that Whiting has brought together," according to Albert B. Friedman. "What makes the work important is Whiting's authority: a proverb or proverbial phrase is what BJW thinks is a proverb or proverbial phrase. There is no objective operative definition of any value, no divining rod; his tact, 'feel, ' experience, determine what's the real thing and what is spurious."
Download or read book The Papers of William Penn Volume 3 written by Richard S. Dunn and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 1987-01-29 with total page 815 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume III covers Penn's return to England, his appeal to James II to support religious toleration, his struggle to reestablish his position in England and to manage his colony in America, and his return to Pennsylvania in 1699.
Download or read book Essays in the Economic History of the Atlantic World written by John McCusker and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005-08-15 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by one of the leading authorities on trade and finance in the early modern Atlantic world, these fourteen essays, revised and integrated for this volume, share as their common theme the development of the Atlantic economy, especially British America and the Caribbean. Topics treated range from early attempts in medieval England to measure the carrying capacity of ships, through the advent in Renaissance Italy and England of business newspapers that reported on the traffic of ships, cargoes and market prices, to the state of the economy of France over the two hundred years before the French Revolution and of the British West Indies between 1760 and 1790. Included is the story of Thomas Irving who challenged and thwarted the likes of John Hancock, Samuel Adams, Alexander Hamilton, George Washington and Thomas Jefferson.
Download or read book The Quaker Family in Colonial America written by J. William Frost and published by St. Martin's Griffin. This book was released on 2014-12-23 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Quaker Family in Colonial America is a book by J. William Frost.
