Download or read book Les relations entre la France et le Liban au XIX me si cle 1860 1861 written by Magalie Dufour and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book L exp dition de la France au Liban sous Napol on III 1860 1861 written by Valérie Fortin-Gagné and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: L'Empire ottoman, au XIXe siècle, s'affaiblit sans cesse et paraît destiné à s'effondrer. Il est l'objet de convoitises et de rivalités entre les puissances européennes. Sous sa suzeraineté, la Syrie et, avec elle, la région du Mont-Liban, est une zone clé sur le plan stratégique puisqu'elle domine l'accès aux voies menant à l'Inde et à l'Asie méridionale et orientale. La France et l'Angleterre tentent toutes deux de s'y imposer par communautés locales interposées : la première à travers les Maronites, la seconde à l'aide des Druzes. Au printemps 1860, des troubles éclatent entre les deux communautés, entraînant le massacre de milliers de chrétiens. Les puissances européennes, poussées par le gouvernement de Napoléon III, s'entendent pour intervenir au moyen d'une commission d'enquête et l'envoi de troupes. Cette expédition a pour mission officielle d'aider l'Empire ottoman à rétablir l'ordre et à protéger les chrétiens. Le présent mémoire démontre que la France impériale entretenait des visées politiques et économiques à l'égard de la Syrie et du Liban. L'historiographie n'avait jusqu'à présent pas analysé en profondeur les véritables mobiles français dans cette expédition. Les ambitions politiques et économiques ont été beaucoup plus déterminantes dans la décision française de mettre en branle l'expédition que le devoir « humanitaire » de protection des chrétiens ou la satisfaction de son opinion publique. Loin de se laisser abattre par la catastrophe que représentent les massacres qui menace la survie de sa clientèle et donc de son influence en Syrie, Paris, et particulièrement son ministre des Affaires étrangères E. Thouvenel, a réussi à tourner la situation à son avantage. Se servant habilement du désir d'ingérence des autres puissances et de son rôle de protectrice des chrétiens, la France est parvenue à acculer au pied du mur l'Angleterre, qui s'opposait à l'intervention, et à justifier celle-ci sur des principes éloignés de ses objectifs réels. Les troubles ont finalement constitué pour elle une occasion d'augmenter l'autonomie de la Montagne par rapport au pouvoir central et la puissance économique et politique de sa clientèle à travers la révision du statut administratif de la région. Ce faisant, elle a renforcé son influence dans l'Est méditerranéen et fait un pas de plus vers une domination française en Syrie.

Download or read book Le Liban et l exp dition fran aise en Syrie 1860 1861 written by Camille de Rochemonteix and published by . This book was released on 1921 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Le Liban et l exp dition fran aise en Syrie 1860 1861 written by Camille de Rochemonteix and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Troubles agraires et conflits entre communaut s dans la premi re moiti du XIXe si cle au Mont Liban written by Amine Youssef Jarade and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CETTE THESE COMPREND QUATRE PARTIES. - DANS UNE PREMIERE PARTIE NOUS ETUDIONS L'EVOLUTION HISTORIQUE DU MONT-LIBAN AU SEIN DE L'EMPIRE OTTOMAN, LES PRINCIPALES COMMUNAUTES RELIGIEUSES, AINSI QUE LES CARACTERISTIQUES DU REGIME "FEODAL" EN VIGUEUR DANS CE PAYS. -LA SECONDE PARTIE EST CONSACREE A L'ETUDE D'UNE LONGUE ETAPE HISTORIQUE AU COURS DE LAQUELLE LE MONT-LIBAN AVAIT CONNU DEUX DOMINATIONS DIFFERENTES SOUS L'AUTORITE DIRECTE DE LEURS EMIRS : CELLE DES PACHAS OTTOMANS JUSQU'EN 1831, ET CELLE DU VICEROI D'EGYPTE EN SYRIE (1832-1840). CETTE PARTIE ETUDIE L'EXPERIENCE DES MONTAGNARDS LIBANAIS AVEC CES DEUX DOMINATIONS AINSI QUE CELLE AVEC LEURS CHEFS DIRECTS. - DANS LA TROISIEME PARTIE (1841-1845), NOUS ANALYSONS LES CIRCONSTANCES QUI ONT MENE LES MONTAGNARDS LIBANAIS A LA MESENTENTE, AU CONFLIT ET A LA PARTITION DU PAYS. NOUS EXAMINONS LES CAUSES DES CRISES CONFESSIONNELLES, LES CARACTERISTIQUES DU SYSSTEME DES DEUX CALMACAMATS MARONITE ET DRUZE, AINSI QUE LES REFORMES DES OTTOMANS. - DANS LA DERNIERE PARTIE, NOUS ETUDIONS LES RESULTATS DE L'APPLICATION DES REFORMES OTTOMANES, L'IMPACT DE L'OCCIDENT SUR LE MONT-LIBAN, LA REVOLTE DES PAYSANS CHRETIENS DE KESROUANE (1859-1860), LA CRISE CONFESSIONNELLE DE 1860, AINSI QUE L'EXPEDITION FRANCAISE EN SYRIE ET SES CONSEQUENCES DANS CE PAYS (1860-1861).

Download or read book Documents diplomatiques et consulaires relatifs l histoire du Liban et des pays du Proche Orient du XVIIe si cle nos jours written by Adel Ismail and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Writing the History of Mount Lebanon written by Mouannes Hojairi and published by American University in Cairo Press. This book was released on 2021-10-05 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A meticulous deconstruction of Maronite history writing and the ways in which Lebanese nationalist myths have been invented and perpetuated by historians As a frequently contested territory, Mount Lebanon has an equally contested history, one that is produced, shaped, and revised by as many players as those who molded the Lebanese state since its inception in 1920. The Lebanese Maronite Church has had more at stake in the process of history writing than any other group or institution. It is arguably one of the most influential institutions in Lebanese history and definitely the most influential institution in the country at the moment of the state’s birth. Writing the History of Mount Lebanon traces the genealogy of Maronite identity by examining the historical traditions that shaped its contemporary manifestation. It explores the presence of a tradition in Maronite Church historiography that was maintained by the historians of the Church, whose claims and hypotheses ultimately defined the communal identity of the Maronites in Mount Lebanon and deeply influenced subsequent Lebanese national identity. Rooted in a reexamination of the existing literature and bringing evidence to bear on this particular aspect of history-writing in Lebanon, it shows how early Maronite ecclesiastic historiography’s plea for inclusion as a part of Catholic orthodoxy was transformed and recast in subsequent centuries by lay and secular historians into a demand for exclusion and exclusivity, which in turn led to the rise of exclusivist political identities based on sectarian belonging in Mount Lebanon. Ultimately, Mouannes Hojairi shows how history-writing is one of the main instruments in generating and perpetuating nationalist ideologies and how historians are central agents of nationality.

Download or read book Black Morocco written by Chouki El Hamel and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-02-27 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Black Morocco: A History of Slavery, Race, and Islam chronicles the experiences, identity and achievements of enslaved black people in Morocco from the sixteenth century to the beginning of the twentieth century. Chouki El Hamel argues that we cannot rely solely on Islamic ideology as the key to explain social relations and particularly the history of black slavery in the Muslim world, for this viewpoint yields an inaccurate historical record of the people, institutions and social practices of slavery in Northwest Africa. El Hamel focuses on black Moroccans' collective experience beginning with their enslavement to serve as the loyal army of the Sultan Isma'il. By the time the Sultan died in 1727, they had become a political force, making and unmaking rulers well into the nineteenth century. The emphasis on the political history of the black army is augmented by a close examination of the continuity of black Moroccan identity through the musical and cultural practices of the Gnawa.

Download or read book The J Paul Getty Museum Journal written by The J. Paul Getty Museum and published by Getty Publications. This book was released on 1979-01-01 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The J. Paul Getty Museum Journal 6/7 is a compendium of articles and notes pertaining to the Museum's permanent collections of antiquities, paintings, sculpture, and works of art. This volume includes an editorial statement by the journal’s editors: Burton B. Fredericksen, curator of Paintings, Jiří Frel, curator of Antiquities, and Gillian Wilson, curator of Decorative Arts. Conservation problems are discussed along with articles written by K. Christiansen, B. B. Fredericksen, S. Holo, G. Wilson, B. L. Shifman, M. Shapiro, J. Frel, D. M. Brinkerhoff, C. C. Vermeule, G. Koch, S. Downey, l. Kilian-Dirlmeier, C. Cardon, F. Brommer, M. A. Del Chiaro, P. Visonà, J. Cody, R. Mellor, D. L. Thompson, E. Langlotz, P. Zazoff, S. Knudsen Morgan, M. Jentoft-Nilsen, and A. Manzoni.

Download or read book Divine Names on the Spot written by Fabio Porzia and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Ancient Greek and Semitic languages resorted to a large range of words to name the divine. Gods and goddesses were called by a variety of names and combinations of onomastic attributes. This broad lexicon of names is characterised by plurality and a tendency to build on different sequences of names; therefore, the Mapping Ancient Polytheisms project focuses on the process of naming the divine in order to better understand the ancient divine in terms of a plurality in the making. A fundamental rule for reading ancient divine names is to grasp them in their context - time and place, a ritual, the form of the discourse, a cultural milieu...: a deity is usually named according to a specific situation. From Artemis Eulochia to al-Lat, al-'Uzza and Manat, from Melqart to "my rock" in the biblical book of Psalms, this volume journeys between the sanctuary on Mount Gerizim and late antique magical practices, revisiting rituals, hymnic poetry, oaths of orators and philosophical prayers. While targeting different names in different contexts, the contributors draft theoretical propositions towards a dynamic approach of naming the divine in antiquity.'

Download or read book Problems of Birth Defects written by T.V.N. Persaud and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surprisingly, the beginning of a modern approach This collection of articles and commentaries is an to the problems of birth defects is relatively recent integration of information from many disciplines, and dates from Gregg's classical report in 1941 that and presents a comprehensive survey of both recent mothers who contracted rubella during the first tri and previously reported work related to the major mester of pregnancy gave birth to infants with severe aspects of birth defects. In particular, an attempt multiple anomalies. For the first time, an environ has been made to provide a critical assessment of mental agent was found to be teratogenic in man current concepts and to identify areas in need of and was documented in a thoroughly convincing further investigation. manner. Since then, many important discoveries The scope of this volume and space limitations and significant developments have been made, par precluded discussion of and reference to all papers ticularly in the areas of environmental teratogenesis, of relevance or importance: a work of the present hereditary mechanisms, and prenatal diagnosis. nature must necessarily be selective. Some good In recent years, there has been an impressive papers have been left out or given relatively little surge of interest in the causes and prevention of consideration. It is my hope that the list of Further birth defects. Undoubtedly this resulted not only References will be consulted and should compensate from the thalidomide tragedy, but also from the for this lack of completeness.

Download or read book Living Fossils written by N. Eldredge and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The case history approach has an impressive record of success in a variety of disciplines. Collections of case histories, casebooks, are now widely used in all sorts of specialties other than in their familiar appli cation to law and medicine. The case method had its formal beginning at Harvard in 1871 when Christopher Lagdell developed it as a means of teaching. It was so successful in teaching law that it was soon adopted in medical education, and the collection of cases provided the raw material for research on various diseases. Subsequently, the case history approach spread to such varied fields as business, psychology, management, and economics, and there are over 100 books in print that use this approach. The idea for a series of Casehooks in Earth Science grew from my experience in organizing and editing a collection of examples of one variety of sedimentary deposits. The prqject began as an effort to bring some order to a large number of descriptions of these deposits that were so varied in presentation and terminology that even specialists found them difficult to compare and analyze. Thus, from the beginning, it was evident that something more than a simple collection of papers was needed. Accordingly, the nearly fifty contributors worked together with George de Vries Klein and me to establish a standard format for presenting the case histories.

Download or read book Citizenship in the Arab World written by Gianluca Paolo Parolin and published by Amsterdam University Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Subject: The book is the fruit of five years of on-site research on citizenship in the Arab world. It takes a broader legal perspective to the multifaceted reality of nationality and citizenship. The methodology employed builds on the interdisciplinary approach of comparative legal studies, and brings in theories, concepts and insights from anthropology, political science, Arab and Islamic studies, linguistics and sociology. The work relies on a broad range of Western and Arab references, and all sources and documents were directly accessed in their original languages; this is particularly relevant for Arab legislation (all in-text reference has been translated by the author, and the original has been inserted using scientific transliteration). -- Website OAPEN Library.

Download or read book Christian Muslim Relations A Bibliographical History Volume 10 Ottoman and Safavid Empires 1600 1700 written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2017-10-23 with total page 729 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Christian-Muslim Relations, a Bibliographical History 10 (CMR 10), covering the Ottoman and Safavid Empires in the period 1600-1700, is a further volume in a general history of relations between the two faiths from the seventh century to the early 20th century. It comprises a series of introductory essays and also the main body of detailed entries which treat all the works, surviving or lost, that have been recorded. These entries provide biographical details of the authors, descriptions and assessments of the works themselves, and complete accounts of manuscripts, editions, translations and studies. The result of collaboration between numerous leading scholars, CMR 10, along with the other volumes in this series, is intended as a basic tool for research in Christian-Muslim relations. Section Editors: Clinton Bennett, Luis F. Bernabé Pons, Jaco Beyers, Karoline Cook, Lejla Demiri, Martha Frederiks, David D. Grafton, Stanisław Grodź, Alan Guenther, Emma Loghin, Gordon Nickel, Claire Norton, Reza Pourjavady, Douglas Pratt, Radu Păun, Peter Riddell, Umar Ryad, Mehdi Sajid, Cornelia Soldat, Karel Steenbrink, Davide Tacchini, Ann Thomson, Carsten Walbiner

Download or read book Prisons in the Late Ottoman Empire written by Kent F. Schull and published by Edinburgh University Press. This book was released on 2014-04-11 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contrary to the stereotypical images of torture, narcotics and brutal sexual abuse traditionally associated with Ottoman or 'Turkish' prisons, Kent Schull argues that, during the Second Constitutional Period (1908-1918), they played a crucial role in attempts to transform the empire.

Download or read book Literary Translation Reception and Transfer written by Norbert Bachleitner and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2020-09-21 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The three concepts mentioned in the title of this volume imply the contact between two or more literary phenomena; they are based on similarities that are related to a form of ‘travelling’ and imitation or adaptation of entire texts, genres, forms or contents. Transfer comprises all sorts of ‘travelling’, with translation as a major instrument of transferring literature across linguistic and cultural barriers. Transfer aims at the process of communication, starting with the source product and its cultural context and then highlighting the mediation by certain agents and institutions to end up with inclusion in the target culture. Reception lays its focus on the receiving culture, especially on critcism, reading, and interpretation. Translation, therefore, forms a major factor in reception with the general aim of reception studies being to reveal the wide spectrum of interpretations each text offers. Moreover, translations are the prime instrument in the distribution of literature across linguistic and cultural borders; thus, they pave the way for gaining prestige in the world of literature. The thirty-eight papers included in this volume and dedicated to research in this area were previously read at the ICLA conference 2016 in Vienna. They are ample proof that the field remains at the center of interest in Comparative Literature.

Download or read book Ottoman Population 1830 1914 written by Kemal H. Karpat and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: