Download or read book Les nourrices Paris au 19e si cle written by Fanny Faÿ-Sallois and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Maternal Breast Feeding and Its Substitutes in Nineteenth Century French Art written by Gal Ventura and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2018-10-02 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gal Ventura explores the ideological sources promoting maternal breast-feeding in modern Western society, through a survey of hundreds of artworks produced in France from the French Revolution to the beginning of the twentieth century.

Download or read book Mother s Milk and Male Fantasy in Nineteenth Century French Narrative written by Lisa Algazi Marcus and published by Liverpool University Press. This book was released on 2022-05-13 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Should all mothers breast-feed their children? This question remains controversial in the twenty-first century. In an interview with the newspaper Liberation in 2010, feminist philosopher Elisabeth Badinter claimed that the pressure to breast-feed signified “a reduction of woman to the status of an animal species, as though we were all female chimpanzees.” The debate over maternal nursing held even more urgency before pasteurization provided a safe alternative in the early 1900s. While scholars of literary criticism and art history have described the abundance of breast-feeding imagery following the publication of Rousseau’s Emile in 1762, little has been written on its manifestations in the nineteenth century. Despite an ongoing propaganda campaign to encourage mothers to nurse, reflected in such diverse sources as medical theses, paintings, and fictional cautionary tales, French mothers continued to entrust their infants to wet nurses more often and for longer than was the norm in other European countries throughout the nineteenth century and well into the twentieth. This book examines representations of breast-feeding in French literature and culture from 1800 to 1900 and their apparent dissonance with the socio-historical realities of French mothers.

Download or read book The Gendering of Inequalities written by Jane Jenson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-09-29 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This was first published in 2000: This work is founded on the premise that many analyses of economic restructuring and of gender relations fail to recognize two things. First, the situation facing women is different from that of the 1960s when the conceptual apparatuses for analyzing "women and work" were created. Labour markets are dominated by flexible, non-standard work, precarious contractual relations and income disparities. Therefore, it is difficult to structure political claims or analysis around the notion that there is a single labour market, that the primary problem is discrimination or inappropriate training, and that political strategies should focus on discrimination and non-traditional employment. Rather, new challenges require new solutions. The second point of departure is that is is impossible to understand either contemporary labour markets, or the roots of employment and other public policies without locating them vis a vis patterns of gender inequalities generated by and in these labour markets. The labour force has been feminized to such an extent that new, and often unequal gender relations are crucial to their very functioning.

Download or read book France and Women 1789 1914 written by James McMillan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2002-01-08 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: France and Women, 1789-1914 is the first book to offer an authoritative account of women's history throughout the nineteenth century. James McMillan, author of the seminal work Housewife or Harlot, offers a major reinterpretation of the French past in relation to gender throughout these tumultuous decades of revolution and war. This book provides a challenging discussion of the factors which made French political culture so profoundly sexist and in particular, it shows that many of the myths about progress and emancipation associated with modernisation and the coming of mass politics do not stand up to close scrutiny. It also reveals the conservative nature of the republican left and of the ingrained belief throughout french society that women should remain within the domestic sphere. James McMillan considers the role played by French men and women in the politics, culture and society of their country throughout the 1800s.

Download or read book The Gamin de Paris in Nineteenth Century Visual Culture written by Marilyn R. Brown and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-05-08 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The revolutionary boy at the barricades was memorably envisioned in Eugène Delacroix’s painting Liberty Leading the People (1830) and Victor Hugo’s novel Les Misérables (1862). Over the course of the nineteenth century, images of the Paris urchin entered the collective social imaginary as cultural and psychic sites of memory, whether in avant-garde or more conventional visual culture. Visual and literary paradigms of the mythical gamin de Paris were born of recurring political revolutions (1830, 1832, 1848, 1871) and of masculine, bourgeois identity constructions that responded to continuing struggles over visions and fantasies of nationhood. With the destabilization of traditional, patriarchal family models, the diminishing of the father’s symbolic role, and the intensification of the brotherly urchin’s psychosexual relationship with the allegorical motherland, what had initially been socially marginal eventually became symbolically central in classed and gendered inventions and repeated re-inventions of "fraternity," "people," and "nation." Within a fundamentally split conception of "the people," the bohemian boy insurrectionary, an embodiment of freedom, was transformed by ongoing discourses of power and reform, of victimization and agency, into a capitalist entrepreneur, schoolboy, colonizer, and budding military defender of the fatherland. A contested figure of the city became a contradictory emblem of the nation.

Download or read book The Third Republic from Its Origins to the Great War 1871 1914 written by Jean-Marie Mayeur and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1984 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a detailed account of French history from the oripins of the Thrid Republic, born out of the collapse of Napoleon III's Second Empire, to the coming of the Great WAr in 1914. Part 1 begins with the fall of the "notables" and the victory of the republicans. Then follows a picture of the economy and society of late nineteenth-century France, and an examination of spiritual and cultural development under the increasing threat from nationalist and socialist forces. The moderates' brief ascendancy at the end of the century followed by the extreme sentiments unleashed at the time of the Dreyfus affair, brings the story in Part 2 to a more passionately political period, when the republic finallynbecame established as a bulwark of bourgeois prosperity, witnessing the rise of the banks and big business, and the dangerous revival of colonial expansion.

Download or read book The Portrait Bust and French Cultural Politics in the Eighteenth Century written by Ronit Milano and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2015-02-24 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Portrait Bust and French Cultural Politics in the Eighteenth Century, Ronit Milano probes the rich and complex aesthetic and intellectual charge of a remarkably concise art form, and explores its role as a powerful agent of epistemological change during one of the most seismic moments in French history. The pre-Revolutionary portrait bust was inextricably tied to the formation of modern selfhood and to the construction of individual identity during the Enlightenment, while positioning both sitters and viewers as part of a collective of individuals who together formed French society. In analyzing the contribution of the portrait bust to the construction of interiority and the formulation of new gender roles and political ideals, this book touches upon a set of concerns that constitute the very core of our modernity.

Download or read book Economy and Society in Burgundy Since 1850 written by Robert Aldrich and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-01-20 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 1984 Economy and Society in Burgundy Since 1850 provides a comprehensive overview of the modern history of Burgundy. Burgundy is best known for its wine and its capital of Dijon is most often associated with mustard. Yet the region’s modern history is more than a history of gastronomy. The coming of the railways in the 1850s greatly changed the economic life of the area, spurring the growth of Dijon and contributing to rural depopulation. Agricultural crises throughout the nineteenth century, such as phylloxera epidemic in the vineyards, caused further dislocation in rural life. Even in the twentieth century, the countryside remained agricultural while the city of Dijon owes its dynamism to the expansion of the service sector rather than to heavy industry. This book argues that this evolution -modernisation without industrialization- is not a matter of economic retardation but of the suitability of the region’s natural resources and the intentional choice of its population. Rich in archival sources this book is an interesting read for scholars and researchers of French history, European history, and modern history.

Download or read book Henri de Rothschild 1872 1947 written by Harry W. Paul and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-12-05 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dr Henri de Rothschild was a fifth generation Rothschild and perhaps the most famous of the Paris Rothschilds of the fin-de-siècle period. A 'sleeping partner' of the bank and the non-drinking owner of Mouton-Rothschild, Henri spent much of his life building medical institutions and promoting scientific medicine, including the promotion of Ehrlich's Salvarsan to cure syphilis and the use of radium to cure cancer. His hospital in a working class area of northern Paris boasted the latest in medical advances. Henri was particularly influential in developing the new science of infant feeding, while his broader concerns with infant health led to his playing a prominent role in the development of the specialty of pediatrics. This biography of Henri de Rothschild focuses on his medical achievements and that of his close family in France. Henri, his wife Mathilde and his mother Thérèse all had busy medical careers during World War I. The book also gives an account of both women's experiences of the war. Along with his explicitly scientific medical concerns, Henri was also a prolific playwright and, under the pseudonym André Pascal, wrote several plays about doctors. This book situates the plays, and particularly the themes of charlatanism, women doctors and medical ethics, in their contemporary context of the social and medical life of Paris. A fascinating and vividly written study of a somewhat neglected figure in the history of the illustrious Rothschild family, this book will make a valuable addition to the libraries of scholars in the history of medicine and those studying child health and welfare, the portrayal of doctors in literature, and more broadly the social and cultural life of early-twentieth century Paris.

Download or read book Horace Vernet and the Thresholds of Nineteenth Century Visual Culture written by Daniel Harkett and published by Dartmouth College Press. This book was released on 2017-03-07 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection reconsiders the life and work of Emile Jean-Horace Vernet (1789-1863), presenting him as a crucial figure for understanding the visual culture of modernity. The book includes work by senior and emerging scholars, showing that Vernet was a multifaceted artist who moved with ease across the thresholds of genre and media to cultivate an image of himself as the embodiment of modern France. In tune with his times, skilled at using modern technologies of visual reproduction to advance his reputation, Vernet appealed to patrons from across the political spectrum and made works that nineteenth-century audiences adored. Even Baudelaire, who reviled Vernet and his art and whose judgment has played a significant role in consigning Vernet to art-historical obscurity, acknowledged that the artist was the most complete representative of his age. For those with an interest in the intersection of art and modern media, politics, imperialism, and fashion, the essays in this volume offer a rich reward.

Download or read book Bibliography of the History of Medicine written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 996 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A History of Childhood written by Colin Heywood and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-05-02 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this lively and accessible book, Colin Heywood explores the changing experiences and perceptions of childhood from the early Middle Ages to the beginning of the twentieth century. Heywood examines the different ways in which people have thought about childhood as a stage of life, the relationships of children with their families and peers, and the experiences of young people at work, in school and at the hands of various welfare institutions. The aim is to place the history of children and childhood firmly in its social and cultural context, without losing sight of the many individual experiences that have come down to us in diaries, autobiographies and oral testimonies. Heywood argues that there is a cruel paradox at the heart of childhood in the past. On the one hand, material conditions for children have generally improved in the West, however belatedly and unevenly, and they are now more valued than in the past. On the other hand, the business of preparing for adulthood has become more complicated in urban and industrial societies, as the young face a bewildering array of choices and expectations. A History of Childhood will be an essential introduction to the subject for students of history, the social sciences and cultural studies.

Download or read book Dress and Ideology written by Shoshana-Rose Marzel and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2014-12-18 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dress and fashion are powerful visual means of communicating ideology, whether political, social or religious. From the communist values of equality, simplicity and solidarity exemplified in the Mao suit to the myriad of fashion protests of feminists such as French revolutionary women's demand to wear trousers, dress can symbolize ideological orthodoxy as well as revolt. With contributions from a wide range of international scholars, this book presents the first scholarly analysis of dress and ideology through accessible case studies. Chapters are organized thematically and explore dress in relation to topics including nation, identity, religion, politics and utopias, across an impressive chronological reach from antiquity to the present day. Dress & Ideology will appeal to students and scholars of fashion, history, sociology, cultural studies, politics and gender studies.

Download or read book The Routledge History Handbook of Gender and the Urban Experience written by Deborah Simonton and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-02-03 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Challenging current perspectives of urbanisation, The Routledge History Handbook of Gender and the Urban Experience explores how our towns and cities have shaped and been shaped by cultural, spatial and gendered influences. This volume discusses gender in an urban context in European, North American and colonial towns from the fourteenth to the twentieth century, casting new light on the development of medieval and modern settlements across the globe. Organised into six thematic parts covering economy, space, civic identity, material culture, emotions and the colonial world, this book comprises 36 chapters by key scholars in the field. It covers a wide range of topics, from women and citizenship in medieval York to gender and tradition in nineteenth- and twentieth-century South African cities, reframing our understanding of the role of gender in constructing the spaces and places that form our urban environment. Interdisciplinary and transnational in scope, this volume analyses the individual dynamics of each case study while also examining the complex relationships and exchanges between urban cultures. It is a valuable resource for all researchers and students interested in gender, urban history and their intersection and interaction throughout the past five centuries.

Download or read book Feminisms of the Belle Epoque written by Jennifer R. Waelti-Walters and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 1994-01-01 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume consists of new translations of twenty-six representative selections from the belle äpoque, the period of cultural efflorescence in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century France. These pieces have a remarkably modern sound; the anger of Nelly Roussel, the arguments for reproductive freedom, and the case histories of prostitutes transcend time and circumstance. Chosen from newspapers, speeches, novels, political tracts, and the like, these selections portray the range of feminist response to the prevailing social situation of women?from the generally meliorist position of the Christian feminists to the radical stances of socialist and utopian feminists. The works of authors well known at the turn of the century are interspersed with stories of the lives of some of society's victims. The selections are organized thematically: education, work, prostitution and the double standard, marriage and male-female relations, maternity, and political and civil rights. In the volume introduction and in introductions to each selection, the editors place the pieces within their historical and social settings.

Download or read book Picturing Children written by MarilynR. Brown and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The representation of children in modern European visual culture has often been marginalized by Art History as sentimental and trivial. For this reason the subject of childhood in relation to art and its production has largely been ignored. Confronting this dismissal, this unique collection of essays raises new and unexpected issues about the formation of childhood identity in the nineteenth century and makes a significant contribution to the development of inter-disciplinary studies within this area. Through a range of stimulating and insightful case studies, the book charts the development of the Romantic ideal of childhood, starting with Rousseau?s Emile, and attends to its visual, social and psychological transformations during the historical period from which Freud?s psychoanalytic theories eventually emerged. Foremost scholars such as Anne Higonnet, Carol Mavor, Susan Casteras and Linda A. Pollock uncover the means by which children became an important conduit for prevailing social anxieties and demonstrate that the apparently ?timeless? images of them that proliferated at the time should be understood as complex cultural documents. Over 50 illustrations enhance this rich and fascinating volume.