Download or read book Les int grations conomiques r gionales l re de l OMC written by Houda Bhouri and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: L'article XXIV constitue le fondement et le cadre juridique des accords commerciaux régionaux (ACR) sur la base duquel sont examinés les accords notifiés à l'Organisation Mondiale du Commerce (OMC). Cet article est comme une exception au principe de la nation la plus favorisée, clé de voûte du système commercial multilatéral. L'article XXIV s'est au cours du temps, avéré être une disposition ambiguë et fluctuante. Ses imprécisions ont donné lieu à des interprétations divergentes. Ceci a engendré des controverses entre les Membres de l'OMC qui, malgré les efforts, n'ont pas réussi à résoudre ses lacunes. L'ambiguïté des critères de l'article XXIV a été exploitée par les États donnant lieu à une pléthore d'ACR dont la portée et le contenu sont loin d'être conformes à l'Article XXIV. Cette situation a créé une brèche dans les principes fondamentaux du système commercial multilatéral à cause de la discrimination que ces systèmes préférentiels engendrent au détriment des tierces parties. La première partie de cette thèse décrit la genèse de l'article XXIV et les objectifs que les fondateurs de l'accord Général sur les tarifs douaniers et le commerce (GATT) attendaient de la création d'intégrations économique plus poussées. Ces derniers n'ont pas prévu les abus dans son application, qui ont été tels qu'ils pouvaient mettre en péril l'intégrité du système commercial multilatéral. Cet état de fait déclencha une alarme appelant à une remise en question de tout le système. Malgré les efforts, l'article XXIV ne semble pas encore refléter une évolution décisive dans son application. De nombreux défauts intrinsèques et extrinsèques du système commercial multilatéral sont considérés dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, expliquant l'échec des tentatives d'amélioration. Il est clair qu'une évolution ne pourrait être notable que si elle était "endogène", exprimant une volonté commune des Membres. Ainsi, nous faisons des suggestions d'ordre autant formel que matériel, pouvant permettre à notre avis, d'apporter une contribution à l'amélioration de cette situation conflictuelle. Il reste néanmoins clair que la nature complexe et "dynamique" du problème rend toute évolution incertaine. Il faut rester vigilant afin que la situation évolue vers la réalisation de plus d'ouverture mais ne retourne pas vers une remise en cause du multilatéralisme.
Download or read book Indigenization measures and multinational corporations in Africa written by and published by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. This book was released on 1982-10-19 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fiscal Policy Stabilization and Growth written by Guillermo E. Perry and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007-10-19 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fiscal policy in Latin America has been guided primarily by short-term liquidity targets whose observance was taken as the main exponent of fiscal prudence, with attention focused almost exclusively on the levels of public debt and the cash deficit. Very little attention was paid to the effects of fiscal policy on growth and on macroeconomic volatility over the cycle. Important issues such as the composition of public expenditures (and its effects on growth), the ability of fiscal policy to stabilize cyclical fluctuations, and the currency composition of public debt were largely neglected. As a result, fiscal policy has often amplified cyclical volatility and dampened growth. 'Fiscal Policy, Stabilization, and Growth' explores the conduct of fiscal policy in Latin America and its consequences for macroeconomic stability and long-term growth. In particular, the book highlights the procyclical and anti-investment biases embedded in the region's fiscal policies, explores their causes and macroeconomic consequences, and asesses their possible solutions.
Download or read book The Legitimacy of International Trade Courts and Tribunals written by Robert Howse and published by Studies on International Courts and Tribunals. This book was released on 2018-04-12 with total page 547 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 2.2 Procedural Rules and Issues
Download or read book Women and Trade written by World Bank;World Trade Organization and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2020-09-04 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trade can dramatically improve women’s lives, creating new jobs, enhancing consumer choices, and increasing women’s bargaining power in society. It can also lead to job losses and a concentration of work in low-skilled employment. Given the complexity and specificity of the relationship between trade and gender, it is essential to assess the potential impact of trade policy on both women and men and to develop appropriate, evidence-based policies to ensure that trade helps to enhance opportunities for all. Research on gender equality and trade has been constrained by limited data and a lack of understanding of the connections among the economic roles that women play as workers, consumers, and decision makers. Building on new analyses and new sex-disaggregated data, Women and Trade: The Role of Trade in Promoting Gender Equality aims to advance the understanding of the relationship between trade and gender equality and to identify a series of opportunities through which trade can improve the lives of women.
Download or read book Research Collaboration between Europe and Latin America written by Rigas Arvanitis and published by Archives contemporaines. This book was released on 2014-02-19 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International collaboration has become increasingly important in carrying out research activities. This book, written by a large group of scholars from Europe and Latin America, maps, analyses and discusses research collaboration between the two continents during the last twenty years. The empirical material underlines the richness and the variety of the links that bind the two continents, well beyond the simplified views of science, either as the brainchild of global networking or as a result of dependence. The book also develops an innovative methodological approach, combining bibliometric analysis, social surveying, in-depth interviews, and a careful analysis of research programmes and policies. While arguing that the asymmetry of relations that once existed in cooperation has turned into a more equal partnership between the two continents, it deciphers some of the reasons behind this more balanced cooperation. It also challenges the view of science as a global self-organising system through collective action at the level of researchers themselves. On the contrary, the importance of policy, institutions, and previously developed research is highlighted and recognised
Download or read book Assessing Regional Integration in Africa V written by and published by UN. This book was released on 2012 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fifth of the series (ARIA/V) has come at a time of renewed enthusiasm for shortening the period of the vision of the Abuja Treaty. Its overall objective is to provide an analytical research publication that defines frameworks for African Governments, the African Union and the Regional Economic Communities, towards accelerating the establishment of the African Common Market through: the speedy removal of all tariff and non-tariff barriers, obstacles to free movement of people, investments and factors of production in general across Africa, and through fast-tracking the creation of an African continental Free Trade Area
Download or read book The Human Rights of Migrants written by Reginald Thomas Appleyard and published by International Org. for Migration. This book was released on 2001 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes statistics.
Download or read book International Environmental Law written by Pierre-Marie Dupuy and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-06-07 with total page 597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A concise, clear, and legally rigorous introduction to international environmental law and practice covering the very latest developments.
Download or read book An Introduction to the African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources written by World Conservation Union and published by IUCN. This book was released on 2009 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The African Convention on the conservation of nature and natural resources was adopted in 1968 in Algiers. Considered the most forward looking regional agreement of the time, it influenced significantly the development of environmental law in Africa. Two and a half decades of intense developments in international environmental law made it necessary to revise this treaty, update its provisions and enlarge its scope. This was undertaken under the auspices of the African Union (previously OAU), and the revision was adopted by its Heads of State and Government in July 2003 in Maputo. The introduction provides an overview of this new international treaty, as well as a commentary to each of its provisions.
Download or read book Collection of Essays by Legal Advisers of States Legal Advisers of International Organizations and Practitioners in the Field of International Law written by United Nations. Office of Legal Affairs and published by United Nations Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world has changed radically since 1989, when the General Assembly declared the period from 1990 to 1999 as the United Nations Decade of International Law. During that time, the international community claimed some major achievements as reflected by the adoption of conventions and treaties. This publication presents a collection of essays from legal advisers of States and international organizations, all of whom are among those committed to promoting respect for international law. Their contribution provides a practical perspective on international law, viewed from the standpoint of those involved in its formation, application and administration.
Download or read book The Continental Shelf written by M. W. Mouton and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-11-22 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Resolutions Adopted by the General Assembly 1948 49 written by United Nations. General Assembly and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Global Corruption Report 2006 written by Transparency International and published by Pluto Press. This book was released on 2005-12-20 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TI has once again shown its ability to combine research and policy analysis not just to shine a light on the deeply embedded problems of corruption ... but to propose progressive solutions. Former World Bank President James Wolfensohn on the Global Corruption ReportIn the health sector, corruption is a matter of life or death. It can take many forms: from medical professionals who sell medicines or services that should be freely available, to high-level government officials who embezzle money from health budgets, to pharmaceutical companies that buy influence over research agendas. The impact of corruption is always felt by the end user -- the sick person who is forced to pay over the odds or who is given unsafe, counterfeit medicines. The 2006 edition of Transparency International’s Global Corruption Report shows the impact that corruption has on health care in rich and poor countries. From high-level bribery in Costa Rica to informal payments in Hungary, case studies from around the world explore the characteristics of the health sector that make it so prone to corruption. In a special section dedicated to corruption in HIV/AIDS, the report warns that the large sums being poured into fighting the world’s deadliest diseases need to be safeguarded against abuse. There is also a detailed analysis of the problems of the pharmaceutical system.The report also offers an annual round-up of worldwide developments and tracks major trends in more than 40 countries.The Global Corruption Report 2006 is the only report of its kind, and is an essential reference source for anyone who wants the latest research on how corruption affects everything from health to education and the oil and gas industries.
Download or read book The Work of the International Law Commission written by Vereinte Nationen International Law Commission and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Terra 2008 written by Leslie Rainer and published by Getty Publications. This book was released on 2011-06-14 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earthen architecture constitutes one of the most diverse forms of cultural heritage and one of the most challenging to preserve. It dates from all periods and is found on all continents but is particularly prevalent in Africa, where it has been a building tradition for centuries. Sites range from ancestral cities in Mali to the palaces of Abomey in Benin, from monuments and mosques in Iran and Buddhist temples on the Silk Road to Spanish missions in California. This volume's sixty-four papers address such themes as earthen architecture in Mali, the conservation of living sites, local knowledge systems and intangible aspects, seismic and other natural forces, the conservation and management of archaeological sites, research advances, and training.
Download or read book Education and Social Justice written by J. Zajda and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-09-09 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the problematic relationship between education, social justice and the State, against the background of comparative education research. The book critiques the status quo of stratified school systems, and the unequal distribution of cultural capital and value added schooling. The authors address one of today’s most pressing questions: Are social, economic and cultural divisions between the nations, between school sectors, between schools and between students growing or declining?
