Download or read book Ruby on Rails 3 Tutorial written by Michael Hartl and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ruby on Rails Tutorial written by Michael Hartl and published by Addison-Wesley Professional. This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Teaches Rails by guiding you through the development of three example applications of increasing sophistication. The tutorial's examples focus on the general principles of web development needed for virtually any kind of website. The updates to this edition include full compatibility with Rails 5, a division of the largest chapters into more manageable units, and a number of new exercises interspersed in each chapter for reinforcement of the material. This guide provides integrated tutorials not only for Rails, but also for the Ruby, HTML, CSS, and SQL skills you need when developing web applications. Hartl explains how each new technique solves a real-world problem, and then he demonstrates it with bite-sized code. --From publisher description.

Download or read book Rails 4 in Action written by Rebecca Skinner and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2015-08-30 with total page 850 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summary Rails 4 in Action is a comprehensive introduction to Rails that guides you hands-on through all you'll need to become a competent and confident Rails developer. In it, you'll master Rails 4 by developing a ticket-tracking application that includes RESTful routing, authentication and authorization, file uploads, email, and more. Purchase of the print book includes a free eBook in PDF, Kindle, and ePub formats from Manning Publications. About the Book Rails is a full-stack, open source web framework powered by Ruby. Now in version 4, Rails is mature and powerful, and to use it effectively you need more than a few Google searches. You'll find no substitute for the guru's-eye-view of design, testing, deployment, and other real-world concerns that this book provides. Rails 4 in Action is a hands-on guide to the subject. In this fully revised new edition, you'll master Rails 4 by developing a ticket-tracking application that includes RESTful routing, authentication and authorization, file uploads, email, and more. Learn to design your own APIs and successfully deploy a production-quality application. You'll see test-driven development and behavior-driven development in action throughout the book, just like in a top Rails shop. What's Inside Creating your own APIs Using RSpec and Capybara Emphasis on test-first development Fully updated for Rails 4 About the Reader For readers of this book, a background in Ruby is helpful but not required. No Rails experience is assumed. About the Authors Ryan Bigg, Yehuda Katz, Steve Klabnik, and Rebecca Skinner are contributors to Rails and active members of the Rails community. Table of Contents Ruby on Rails, the framework Testing saves your bacon Developing a real Rails application Oh, CRUD! Nested resources Authentication Basic access control Fine-grained access control File uploading Tracking state Tagging Sending email Deployment Designing an API Rack-based applications

Download or read book Learning Ruby written by Michael Fitzgerald and published by "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". This book was released on 2007-05-14 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: You don't have to know everything about a car to drive one, and you don't need to know everything about Ruby to start programming with it. Written for both experienced and new programmers alike, Learning Ruby is a just-get-in-and-drive book -- a hands-on tutorial that offers lots of Ruby programs and lets you know how and why they work, just enough to get you rolling down the road. Interest in Ruby stems from the popularity of Rails, the web development framework that's attracting new devotees and refugees from Java and PHP. But there are plenty of other uses for this versatile language. The best way to learn is to just try the code! You'll find examples on nearly every page of this book that you can imitate and hack. Briefly, this book: Outlines many of the most important features of Ruby Demonstrates how to use conditionals, and how to manipulate strings in Ruby. Includes a section on regular expressions Describes how to use operators, basic math, functions from the Math module, rational numbers, etc. Talks you through Ruby arrays, and demonstrates hashes in detail Explains how to process files with Ruby Discusses Ruby classes and modules (mixins) in detail, including a brief introduction to object-oriented programming (OOP) Introduces processing XML, the Tk toolkit, RubyGems, reflection, RDoc, embedded Ruby, metaprogramming, exception handling, and other topics Acquaints you with some of the essentials of Rails, and includes a short Rails tutorial. Each chapter concludes with a set of review questions, and appendices provide you with a glossary of terms related to Ruby programming, plus reference material from the book in one convenient location. If you want to take Ruby out for a drive, Learning Ruby holds the keys.

Download or read book Ruby on Rails 3 Tutorial written by Michael Hartl and published by Pearson Education. This book was released on 2010-12-16 with total page 674 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Ruby on Rails™ 3 Tutorial: Learn Rails by Example by Michael Hartl has become a must read for developers learning how to build Rails apps.” —Peter Cooper, Editor of Ruby Inside Using Rails 3, developers can build web applications of exceptional elegance and power. Although its remarkable capabilities have made Ruby on Rails one of the world’s most popular web development frameworks, it can be challenging to learn and use. Ruby on Rails™ 3 Tutorial is the solution. Leading Rails developer Michael Hartl teaches Rails 3 by guiding you through the development of your own complete sample application using the latest techniques in Rails web development. Drawing on his experience building RailsSpace, Insoshi, and other sophisticated Rails applications, Hartl illuminates all facets of design and implementation—including powerful new techniques that simplify and accelerate development. You’ll find integrated tutorials not only for Rails, but also for the essential Ruby, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and SQL skills you’ll need when developing web applications. Hartl explains how each new technique solves a real-world problem, and he demonstrates this with bite-sized code that’s simple enough to understand, yet novel enough to be useful. Whatever your previous web development experience, this book will guide you to true Rails mastery. This book will help you Install and set up your Rails development environment Go beyond generated code to truly understand how to build Rails applications from scratch Learn Test Driven Development (TDD) with RSpec Effectively use the Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern Structure applications using the REST architecture Build static pages and transform them into dynamic ones Master the Ruby programming skills all Rails developers need Define high-quality site layouts and data models Implement registration and authentication systems, including validation and secure passwords Update, display, and delete users Add social features and microblogging, including an introduction to Ajax Record version changes with Git and share code at GitHub Simplify application deployment with Heroku

Download or read book The Rails 3 Way written by Obie Fernandez and published by Pearson Education. This book was released on 2010-12-10 with total page 903 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The RailsTM 3 Way is a comprehensive resource that digs into the new features in Rails 3 and perhaps more importantly, the rationale behind them. —Yehuda Katz, Rails Core The Bible for Ruby on Rails Application Development Ruby on Rails strips complexity from the development process, enabling professional developers to focus on what matters most: delivering business value via clean and maintainable code. The RailsTM 3 Way is the only comprehensive, authoritative guide to delivering production-quality code with Rails 3. Pioneering Rails expert Obie Fernandez and a team of leading experts illuminate the entire Rails 3 API, along with the idioms, design approaches, and libraries that make developing applications with Rails so powerful. Drawing on their unsurpassed experience and track record, they address the real challenges development teams face, showing how to use Rails 3 to maximize your productivity. Using numerous detailed code examples, the author systematically covers Rails 3 key capabilities and subsystems, making this book a reference that you will turn to again and again. He presents advanced Rails programming techniques that have been proven effective in day-to-day usage on dozens of production Rails systems and offers important insights into behavior-driven development and production considerations such as scalability. Dive deep into the Rails 3 codebase and discover why Rails is designed the way it is—and how to make it do what you want it to do. This book will help you Learn what’s new in Rails 3 Increase your productivity as a web application developer Realize the overall joy in programming with Rails Leverage Rails’ powerful capabilities for building REST-compliant APIs Drive implementation and protect long-term maintainability using RSpec Design and manipulate your domain layer using Active Record Understand and program complex program flows using Action Controller Master sophisticated URL routing concepts Use Ajax techniques via Rails 3 support for unobtrusive JavaScript Learn to extend Rails with popular gems and plugins, and how to write your own Extend Rails with the best third-party plug-ins and write your own Integrate email services into your applications with Action Mailer Improve application responsiveness with background processing Create your own non-Active Record domain classes using Active Model Master Rails’ utility classes and extensions in Active Support

Download or read book The Rails Way written by Obie Fernandez and published by Pearson Education. This book was released on 2007-11-16 with total page 927 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The expert guide to building Ruby on Rails applications Ruby on Rails strips complexity from the development process, enabling professional developers to focus on what matters most: delivering business value. Now, for the first time, there’s a comprehensive, authoritative guide to building production-quality software with Rails. Pioneering Rails developer Obie Fernandez and a team of experts illuminate the entire Rails API, along with the Ruby idioms, design approaches, libraries, and plug-ins that make Rails so valuable. Drawing on their unsurpassed experience, they address the real challenges development teams face, showing how to use Rails’ tools and best practices to maximize productivity and build polished applications users will enjoy. Using detailed code examples, Obie systematically covers Rails’ key capabilities and subsystems. He presents advanced programming techniques, introduces open source libraries that facilitate easy Rails adoption, and offers important insights into testing and production deployment. Dive deep into the Rails codebase together, discovering why Rails behaves as it does— and how to make it behave the way you want it to. This book will help you Increase your productivity as a web developer Realize the overall joy of programming with Ruby on Rails Learn what’s new in Rails 2.0 Drive design and protect long-term maintainability with TestUnit and RSpec Understand and manage complex program flow in Rails controllers Leverage Rails’ support for designing REST-compliant APIs Master sophisticated Rails routing concepts and techniques Examine and troubleshoot Rails routing Make the most of ActiveRecord object-relational mapping Utilize Ajax within your Rails applications Incorporate logins and authentication into your application Extend Rails with the best third-party plug-ins and write your own Integrate email services into your applications with ActionMailer Choose the right Rails production configurations Streamline deployment with Capistrano

Download or read book Learning Rails 5 written by J. Mark Locklear and published by "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". This book was released on 2016-08-11 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If you’re a web developer or designer ready to learn Ruby on Rails, this hands-on guide is the ideal way to get started. Rather than toss you into the middle of the framework’s Model-View-Controller architecture, as many books do, Learning Rails 5 begins with the foundations of the Web you already know. You’ll learn how to create something visible with Rails’ view layer before diving into the more difficult inner layers: the database models and controller code. All you need to begin your Rails journey is HTML experience. Each chapter includes exercises and review questions to test your understanding as you go. Present content by building an application with a basic view and a simple controller Build forms and process their results, progressing from simple to more complex Use Rails scaffolding and REST to build effective applications quickly Connect forms to models and create code that maps directly to database structures Build applications that combine data from multiple tables Use migrations to track changes to your database over time Add common elements such as sessions, cookies, and authentication

Download or read book Learning Rails 3 written by Simon St. Laurent and published by "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". This book was released on 2012-07-17 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation This title deals with Rails from the outside in, letting web designers create something visible in the outer layer before reaching the difficult database models and controller code in the inner layers.

Download or read book Learn to Program written by Chris Pine and published by Pragmatic Bookshelf. This book was released on 2021-06-17 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It's easier to learn how to program a computer than it has ever been before. Now everyone can learn to write programs for themselves - no previous experience is necessary. Chris Pine takes a thorough, but lighthearted approach that teaches you the fundamentals of computer programming, with a minimum of fuss or bother. Whether you are interested in a new hobby or a new career, this book is your doorway into the world of programming. Computers are everywhere, and being able to program them is more important than it has ever been. But since most books on programming are written for other programmers, it can be hard to break in. At least it used to be. Chris Pine will teach you how to program. You'll learn to use your computer better, to get it to do what you want it to do. Starting with small, simple one-line programs to calculate your age in seconds, you'll see how to write interactive programs, to use APIs to fetch live data from the internet, to rename your photos from your digital camera, and more. You'll learn the same technology used to drive modern dynamic websites and large, professional applications. Whether you are looking for a fun new hobby or are interested in entering the tech world as a professional, this book gives you a solid foundation in programming. Chris teaches the basics, but also shows you how to think like a programmer. You'll learn through tons of examples, and through programming challenges throughout the book. When you finish, you'll know how and where to learn more - you'll be on your way. What You Need: All you need to learn how to program is a computer (Windows, macOS, or Linux) and an internet connection. Chris Pine will lead you through setting set up with the software you will need to start writing programs of your own.

Download or read book Eloquent Ruby written by Russ Olsen and published by Addison-Wesley Professional. This book was released on 2011-02-07 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It’s easy to write correct Ruby code, but to gain the fluency needed to write great Ruby code, you must go beyond syntax and absorb the “Ruby way” of thinking and problem solving. In Eloquent Ruby, Russ Olsen helps you write Ruby like true Rubyists do–so you can leverage its immense, surprising power. Olsen draws on years of experience internalizing the Ruby culture and teaching Ruby to other programmers. He guides you to the “Ah Ha!” moments when it suddenly becomes clear why Ruby works the way it does, and how you can take advantage of this language’s elegance and expressiveness. Eloquent Ruby starts small, answering tactical questions focused on a single statement, method, test, or bug. You’ll learn how to write code that actually looks like Ruby (not Java or C#); why Ruby has so many control structures; how to use strings, expressions, and symbols; and what dynamic typing is really good for. Next, the book addresses bigger questions related to building methods and classes. You’ll discover why Ruby classes contain so many tiny methods, when to use operator overloading, and when to avoid it. Olsen explains how to write Ruby code that writes its own code–and why you’ll want to. He concludes with powerful project-level features and techniques ranging from gems to Domain Specific Languages. A part of the renowned Addison-Wesley Professional Ruby Series, Eloquent Ruby will help you “put on your Ruby-colored glasses” and get results that make you a true believer.

Download or read book Agile Web Development with Rails 6 written by Sam Ruby and published by Pragmatic Bookshelf. This book was released on 2020-02-10 with total page 597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn Rails the way the Rails core team recommends it, along with the tens of thousands of developers who have used this broad, far-reaching tutorial and reference. If you're new to Rails, you'll get step-by-step guidance. If you're an experienced developer, get the comprehensive, insider information you need for the latest version of Ruby on Rails. The new edition of this award-winning classic is completely updated for Rails 6 and Ruby 2.6, with information on system testing, Webpack, and advanced JavaScript. Ruby on Rails helps you produce high-quality, beautiful-looking web applications quickly - you concentrate on creating the application, and Rails takes care of the details. Rails 6 brings many improvements, and this edition is updated to cover the new features and changes in best practices. We start with a step-by-step walkthrough of building a real application, and in-depth chapters look at the built-in Rails features. Follow along with an extended tutorial as you write a web-based store application. Eliminate tedious configuration and housekeeping, seamlessly incorporate Ajax and JavaScript, send and receive emails, manage background jobs with ActiveJob, and build real-time features using WebSockets and ActionCable. Test your applications as you write them using the built-in unit, integration, and system testing frameworks, internationalize your applications, and deploy your applications easily and securely. New in this edition is coverage of Action Mailer, which allows you to receive emails in your app as well as ActionText, a zero-configuration rich text editing feature. Rails 1.0 was released in December 2005. This book was there from the start, and didn't just evolve alongside Rails, it evolved with Rails. It has been developed in consultation with the Rails core team. In fact, Rails itself is tested against the code in this book. What You Need: All you need is a Windows, Mac OS X, or Linux machine to do development on. This book will take you through the steps to install Rails and its dependencies. If you aren't familiar with the Ruby programming language, this book contains a chapter that covers the basics necessary to understand the material in the book.

Download or read book The Ruby on Rails 3 Tutorial and Reference Collection written by Michael Hartl and published by Addison-Wesley Professional. This book was released on 2011-12-05 with total page 1331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Ruby on Rails 3 Tutorial and Reference Collection" consists of two bestselling Rails eBooks: "Ruby on Rails 3 Tutorial: Learn Rails by Example" by Michael Hartl"The Rails 3 Way" by Obie Fernandez In "Ruby on Rails 3 Tutorial" leading Rails developer Michael Hartl teaches Rails 3 by guiding you through the development of your own complete sample application using the latest techniques in Rails Web development. Drawing on his experience building RailsSpace, Insoshi, and other sophisticated Rails applications, Hartl illuminates all facets of design and implementation-including powerful new techniques that simplify and accelerate development. Hartl explains how each new technique solves a real-world problem and demonstrates this with bite-sized code that's simple enough to understand, yet novel enough to be useful. "The Rails 3 Way" is the only comprehensive, authoritative guide to delivering production-quality code with Rails 3. Pioneering Rails expert Obie Fernandez and a team of leading experts illuminate the entire Rails 3 API, along with the idioms, design approaches, and libraries that make developing applications with Rails so powerful. You learn advanced Rails programming techniques that have been proven effective in day-to-day usage on dozens of production Rails systems. Dive deep into the Rails 3 codebase and discover why Rails is designed the way it is-and how to make it do what you want it to do. This collection helps youInstall and set up your Rails development environmentGo beyond generated code to truly understand how to build Rails applications from scratchLearn Test Driven Development (TDD) with RSpecEffectively use the Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern Structure applications using the REST architectureBuild static pages and transform them into dynamic onesMaster the Ruby programming skills all Rails developers needDefine high-quality site layouts and data modelsImplement registration and authentication systems, including validation and secure passwordsUpdate, display, and delete users Add social features and microblogging, including an introduction to AjaxRecord version changes with Git and share code at GitHubSimplify application deployment with HerokuLearn what's new in Rails 3Increase your productivity as a Web application developerRealize the overall joy in programming with RailsLeverage Rails' powerful capabilities for building REST-compliant APIsDrive implementation and protect long-term maintainability using RSpecDesign and manipulate your domain layer using Active RecordUnderstand and program complex program flows using Action ControllerMaster sophisticated URL routing conceptsUse Ajax techniques via Rails 3 support for unobtrusive JavaScriptLearn to extend Rails with popular gems and plugins and how to write your own Extend Rails with the best third-party plug-ins and write your ownIntegrate email services into your applications with Action MailerImprove application responsiveness with background processingCreate your own non-Active Record domain classes using Active ModelMaster Rails' utility classes and extensions in Active Support

Download or read book Rails Crash Course written by Anthony Lewis and published by No Starch Press. This book was released on 2014-10-08 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rails is a robust, flexible development platform that lets you build complex websites quickly. Major websites like GitHub, Hulu, and Twitter have run Rails under the hood, and if you know just enough HTML and CSS to be dangerous, Rails Crash Course will teach you to harness Rails for your own projects and create web applications that are fast, stable, and secure. In Part I, you’ll learn Ruby and Rails fundamentals and then dive straight into models, controllers, views, and deployment. As you work through the basics, you’ll learn how to: –Craft persistent models with Active Record –Build view templates with Embedded Ruby –Use Git to roll back to previous versions of your code base –Deploy applications to Heroku In Part II, you’ll take your skills to the next level as you build a social networking app with more advanced Ruby tools, such as modules and metaprogramming, and advanced data modeling techniques within Rails’s Active Record. You’ll learn how to: –Implement an authentication system to identify authorized users –Write your own automated tests and refactor your code with confidence –Maximize performance with the asset pipeline and turbolinks –Secure your app against SQL injection and cross-site scripting –Set up a server and deploy applications with Capistrano Each chapter is packed with hands-on examples and exercises to reinforce what you’ve learned. Whether you’re completely new to Ruby or you’ve been mucking around for a bit, Rails Crash Course will take you from the basics to shipping your first Rails application, fast.

Download or read book Learning Rails 3 written by Simon St. Laurent and published by "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". This book was released on 2012-07-17 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If you’re a web developer or designer ready to learn Rails, this unique book is the ideal way to start. Rather than throw you into the middle of the framework’s Model-View-Controller architecture, Learning Rails 3 works from the outside in. You’ll begin with the foundations of the Web you already know, and learn how to create something visible with Rails’ view layer. Then you’ll tackle the more difficult inner layers: the database models and controller code. All you need to get started is HTML experience. Each chapter includes exercises and review questions to test your understanding as you go. Present content by building an application with a basic view and a simple controller Build forms and process their results, progressing from simple to more complex Connect forms to models by setting up a database, and create code that maps to database structures Use Rails scaffolding to build applications from a view-centric perspective Add common web application elements such as sessions, cookies, and authentication Build applications that combine data from multiple tables Send and receive email messages from your applications "Learning Rails 3 feels like a brisk pair programming session with professionals who know how to use Ruby on Rails to get things done, and get them done well." -Alan Harris, author of Sinatra: Up and Running

Download or read book Learning Rails 3 written by Simon St Laurent and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If you{u2019}re a web developer or designer ready to learn Rails, this unique book is the ideal way to start. Rather than throw you into the middle of the framework{u2019}s Model-View-Controller architecture, Learning Rails 3 works from the outside in. You{u2019}ll begin with the foundations of the Web you already know, and learn how to create something visible with Rails{u2019} view layer. Then you{u2019}ll tackle the more difficult inner layers: the database models and controller code. All you need to get started is HTML experience. Each chapter includes exercises and review questions to test your understanding as you go. Present content by building an application with a basic view and a simple controller Build forms and process their results, progressing from simple to more complex Connect forms to models by setting up a database, and create code that maps to database structures Use Rails scaffolding to build applications from a view-centric perspective Add common web application elements such as sessions, cookies, and authentication Build applications that combine data from multiple tables Send and receive email messages from your applications "Learning Rails 3 feels like a brisk pair programming session with professionals who know how to use Ruby on Rails to get things done, and get them done well."--Alan Harris, author of Sinatra: Up and Running.

Download or read book Design Patterns in Ruby written by Russ Olsen and published by Pearson Education. This book was released on 2007-12-10 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Praise for Design Patterns in Ruby "Design Patterns in Ruby documents smart ways to resolve many problems that Ruby developers commonly encounter. Russ Olsen has done a great job of selecting classic patterns and augmenting these with newer patterns that have special relevance for Ruby. He clearly explains each idea, making a wealth of experience available to Ruby developers for their own daily work." —Steve Metsker, Managing Consultant with Dominion Digital, Inc. "This book provides a great demonstration of the key 'Gang of Four' design patterns without resorting to overly technical explanations. Written in a precise, yet almost informal style, this book covers enough ground that even those without prior exposure to design patterns will soon feel confident applying them using Ruby. Olsen has done a great job to make a book about a classically 'dry' subject into such an engaging and even occasionally humorous read." —Peter Cooper "This book renewed my interest in understanding patterns after a decade of good intentions. Russ picked the most useful patterns for Ruby and introduced them in a straightforward and logical manner, going beyond the GoF's patterns. This book has improved my use of Ruby, and encouraged me to blow off the dust covering the GoF book." —Mike Stok "Design Patterns in Ruby is a great way for programmers from statically typed objectoriented languages to learn how design patterns appear in a more dynamic, flexible language like Ruby." —Rob Sanheim, Ruby Ninja, Relevance Most design pattern books are based on C++ and Java. But Ruby is different—and the language's unique qualities make design patterns easier to implement and use. In this book, Russ Olsen demonstrates how to combine Ruby's power and elegance with patterns, and write more sophisticated, effective software with far fewer lines of code. After reviewing the history, concepts, and goals of design patterns, Olsen offers a quick tour of the Ruby language—enough to allow any experienced software developer to immediately utilize patterns with Ruby. The book especially calls attention to Ruby features that simplify the use of patterns, including dynamic typing, code closures, and "mixins" for easier code reuse. Fourteen of the classic "Gang of Four" patterns are considered from the Ruby point of view, explaining what problems each pattern solves, discussing whether traditional implementations make sense in the Ruby environment, and introducing Ruby-specific improvements. You'll discover opportunities to implement patterns in just one or two lines of code, instead of the endlessly repeated boilerplate that conventional languages often require. Design Patterns in Ruby also identifies innovative new patterns that have emerged from the Ruby community. These include ways to create custom objects with metaprogramming, as well as the ambitious Rails-based "Convention Over Configuration" pattern, designed to help integrate entire applications and frameworks. Engaging, practical, and accessible, Design Patterns in Ruby will help you build better software while making your Ruby programming experience more rewarding.