Download or read book Learning and Prior Knowledge Shape Cognitive Representations for Complex Images written by Hayden Schill and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through navigating and interacting with the world, we develop knowledge that can be used to help guide future interactions or process similar information more efficiently. For example, as someone proceeds through medical school and residency to become a radiologist, they develop a deep understanding of medical images. This learned knowledge influences several cognitive processes, which allows them to find abnormalities quickly and efficiently. My dissertation examines factors that may drive how prior knowledge in perceptual domains influence cognitive processes such as memory and perception. I use a range of stimuli and methods that mimic real-world scenarios and require significant perceptual prior knowledge. In particular, I use medical imaging and face perception as two unique but strong indices of perceptual expertise. In chapter 1, I establish that radiologists have enhanced memory for abnormal compared to normal mammograms. I show evidence that this memory benefit appears to be driven by a unique role of distinctiveness, which emerges with significant prior knowledge in the expert's domain. In chapter 2, I demonstrate that additional knowledge of an abnormality in a medical image not only shapes memory but also enhances experts' perception of medical images themselves, a form of bias called visual hindsight bias. In chapter 3, I examine the impact of occlusions and feature learning on our ability to extract summary statistics of complex facial information. Overall, I highlight how learned knowledge shapes a range of cognitive processes including memory, visual perception, and ensemble perception, and touch on several avenues for future direction.
Download or read book Knowledge Representation written by Arthur B. Markman and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-06-17 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Knowledge representation is fundamental to the study of mind. All theories of psychological processing are rooted in assumptions about how information is stored. These assumptions, in turn, influence the explanatory power of theories. This book fills a gap in the existing literature by providing an overview of types of knowledge representation techniques and their use in cognitive models. Organized around types of representations, this book begins with a discussion of the foundations of knowledge representation, then presents discussions of different ways that knowledge representation has been used. Both symbolic and connectionist approaches to representation are discussed and a set of recommendations about the way representations should be used is presented. This work can be used as the basis for a course on knowledge representation or can be read independently. It will be useful to students of psychology as well as people in related disciplines--computer science, philosophy, anthropology, and linguistics--who want an introduction to techniques for knowledge representation.
Download or read book Learning Through Visual Displays written by Gregory Schraw and published by IAP. This book was released on 2013-07-01 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of the volume is to explore the theory, development and use of visual displays and graphic organizers to improve instruction, learning and research. We anticipate five sections that address (1) frameworks for understanding different types of displays, (2) research-tested guidelines for constructing displays, (3) empirically-based instructional applications, (4) using displays to promote research and theory development, and (5) using displays to report test and research data to improve consumer understanding. Authors represent a variety of perspectives and areas of expertise, including instructional psychology, information technology, and research methodologies. The volume is divided into four sections. Section 1 provides a conceptual overview of previous research, as well as the contents of the current volume. Section 2 includes theoretical perspectives on the design and instructional uses of visual displays from major theorists in the field. These chapters discuss ways that visual displays enhance general cognition and information processing. Section 3 provides eight chapters that address the use of visual displays to enhance student learning. These chapters provide examples of how to organize content and use visual displays in a variety of ways in the real and virtual classroom. Section 4 includes three chapters that discuss ways that visual displays may enhance the research process, but especially improved data display.
Download or read book Essentials of WJ IV Cognitive Abilities Assessment written by Fredrick A. Schrank and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-03-16 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The step-by-step guide to administering, scoring, and interpreting the WJ IV® Tests of Cognitive Abilities Essentials of WJ IV® Cognitive Abilities Assessment provides expert, practical advice on how to administer, score, and interpret the WJ IV COG®. Designed to be an easy-to-use reference, the text goes beyond the information found in the WJ IV® examiner's manual to offer full explanations of the tests and clusters on the WJ IV COG®. This essential guide also explains the meaning of all scores and interpretive features and includes valuable advice on clinical applications and illuminating case studies. This clearly written and easily accessible resource offers: Concise chapters with numerous callout boxes highlighting key concepts, numerous examples, and test questions that help you gauge and reinforce your grasp of the information covered. An in-depth chapter on interpretation of the WJ IV COG® which highlights links to interventions for each test based on contemporary theory and research. Expert assessment of the tests' relative strengths and weaknesses. Illustrative case reports with clinical and school-based populations. If you're a school psychologist, clinical psychologist, neuropsychologist, or any professional or graduate student looking to become familiar with the new WJ IV COG®, this is the definitive resource you'll turn to again and again.
Download or read book ICEL2104 Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on e Learning written by Dr Oscar Saavedra Rodriguez, and published by Academic Conferences Limited. This book was released on 2014 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Research on Educational Communications and Technology written by David Jonassen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2008-09-25 with total page 1296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 2008. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Download or read book Perception and Representation written by Ilona Roth and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Research on Maximizing Cognitive Learning through Knowledge Visualization written by Ursyn, Anna and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2015-02-28 with total page 598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The representation of abstract data and ideas can be a difficult and tedious task to handle when learning new concepts; however, the advances of emerging technology have allowed for new methods of representing such conceptual data. The Handbook of Research on Maximizing Cognitive Learning through Knowledge Visualization focuses on the use of visualization technologies to assist in the process of better comprehending scientific concepts, data, and applications. Highlighting the utilization of visual power and the roles of sensory perceptions, computer graphics, animation, and digital storytelling, this book is an essential reference source for instructors, engineers, programmers, and software developers interested in the exchange of information through the visual depiction of data.
Download or read book The Handbook of Educational Theories written by Beverly Irby and published by IAP. This book was released on 2013-03-01 with total page 1164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although educational theories are presented in a variety of textbooks and in some discipline specific handbooks and encyclopedias, no publication exists which serves as a comprehensive, consolidated collection of the most influential and most frequently quoted and consulted theories. There is a need to put such theories into a single, easily accessible volume. A unique feature of the Handbook is the way in which it conveys the theories. The organization of the chapters within each section makes the volume an easy·to-use and tu1derstandable reference tool as researchers and practitioners seek theories to guide their research and practice and as they develop theoretical frameworks. In addition to the traditional theories presented, the Handbook includes emerging theories for the 21st Century as well as presenting practical examples of the use of these theories in research from dissertations and published articles. An appendix which indicates which theories have instruments associated with them and where those instruments can be found is also included. The Handbook consists of 12 sections. Section I provides the jntroduction with a focus on what constitutes good theory as well as how theory guides research and practice. The remaining sections address Philosophical Educational Constructs, Leaming Theory, Instructional Theory, Curriculum theory, Literacy and Language Acquisition Theory, Counseling Theory, Moral Development Theory, Classroom Management Theory, Assessment Theory, Organizational Theory, and Leadership/Management Theory. Each section consists of an overview written by the section editor of the general theoretical concepts to be addressed by the chapter authors. Each chapter within the section will include (a) a description of the theory with goals, assumptions, and aspects particular to the theory, (b) the original development of and interactions of the theory, (c) validation of the theory, (d) generalizability of the theory across cultures, ethnicities, and genders, (e) the use and application of the theory, (f) critiques of the theory, (g) any instruments associated with the theory, and (h) two to five particular studies exemplifying particular theories as individuals have used them in theoretical framework of dissertations or published articles and be written by the original theorist or prominent contributors to the theory. The Handbook is intended for graduate students enrolled in research courses or completing theses and dissertations. Additionally, professors of all educational disciplines in the social scierices would be an interested audience. There is also potential use of the text as administrators, counselors, and teachers in schools use theory to guide practice. As more inquiry is being promoted among school leaders, this book has more meaning for practitioners.
Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Multimedia Learning written by Richard E. Mayer and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-08-15 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2005 book constitutes comprehensive coverage of research and theory in the field of multimedia learning.
Download or read book How Learning Works written by Susan A. Ambrose and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-04-16 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Praise for How Learning Works "How Learning Works is the perfect title for this excellent book. Drawing upon new research in psychology, education, and cognitive science, the authors have demystified a complex topic into clear explanations of seven powerful learning principles. Full of great ideas and practical suggestions, all based on solid research evidence, this book is essential reading for instructors at all levels who wish to improve their students' learning." —Barbara Gross Davis, assistant vice chancellor for educational development, University of California, Berkeley, and author, Tools for Teaching "This book is a must-read for every instructor, new or experienced. Although I have been teaching for almost thirty years, as I read this book I found myself resonating with many of its ideas, and I discovered new ways of thinking about teaching." —Eugenia T. Paulus, professor of chemistry, North Hennepin Community College, and 2008 U.S. Community Colleges Professor of the Year from The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching and the Council for Advancement and Support of Education "Thank you Carnegie Mellon for making accessible what has previously been inaccessible to those of us who are not learning scientists. Your focus on the essence of learning combined with concrete examples of the daily challenges of teaching and clear tactical strategies for faculty to consider is a welcome work. I will recommend this book to all my colleagues." —Catherine M. Casserly, senior partner, The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching "As you read about each of the seven basic learning principles in this book, you will find advice that is grounded in learning theory, based on research evidence, relevant to college teaching, and easy to understand. The authors have extensive knowledge and experience in applying the science of learning to college teaching, and they graciously share it with you in this organized and readable book." —From the Foreword by Richard E. Mayer, professor of psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara; coauthor, e-Learning and the Science of Instruction; and author, Multimedia Learning
Download or read book How People Learn written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-08-11 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First released in the Spring of 1999, How People Learn has been expanded to show how the theories and insights from the original book can translate into actions and practice, now making a real connection between classroom activities and learning behavior. This edition includes far-reaching suggestions for research that could increase the impact that classroom teaching has on actual learning. Like the original edition, this book offers exciting new research about the mind and the brain that provides answers to a number of compelling questions. When do infants begin to learn? How do experts learn and how is this different from non-experts? What can teachers and schools do-with curricula, classroom settings, and teaching methodsâ€"to help children learn most effectively? New evidence from many branches of science has significantly added to our understanding of what it means to know, from the neural processes that occur during learning to the influence of culture on what people see and absorb. How People Learn examines these findings and their implications for what we teach, how we teach it, and how we assess what our children learn. The book uses exemplary teaching to illustrate how approaches based on what we now know result in in-depth learning. This new knowledge calls into question concepts and practices firmly entrenched in our current education system. Topics include: How learning actually changes the physical structure of the brain. How existing knowledge affects what people notice and how they learn. What the thought processes of experts tell us about how to teach. The amazing learning potential of infants. The relationship of classroom learning and everyday settings of community and workplace. Learning needs and opportunities for teachers. A realistic look at the role of technology in education.
Download or read book Multimedia Learning written by Richard E. Mayer and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-01-19 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An evidence based, rigorous text reviewing 12 principles of experimental studies grounded in cognitive theory of multi-media learning.
Download or read book Discovering the Brain written by National Academy of Sciences and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1992-01-01 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The brain ... There is no other part of the human anatomy that is so intriguing. How does it develop and function and why does it sometimes, tragically, degenerate? The answers are complex. In Discovering the Brain, science writer Sandra Ackerman cuts through the complexity to bring this vital topic to the public. The 1990s were declared the "Decade of the Brain" by former President Bush, and the neuroscience community responded with a host of new investigations and conferences. Discovering the Brain is based on the Institute of Medicine conference, Decade of the Brain: Frontiers in Neuroscience and Brain Research. Discovering the Brain is a "field guide" to the brainâ€"an easy-to-read discussion of the brain's physical structure and where functions such as language and music appreciation lie. Ackerman examines: How electrical and chemical signals are conveyed in the brain. The mechanisms by which we see, hear, think, and pay attentionâ€"and how a "gut feeling" actually originates in the brain. Learning and memory retention, including parallels to computer memory and what they might tell us about our own mental capacity. Development of the brain throughout the life span, with a look at the aging brain. Ackerman provides an enlightening chapter on the connection between the brain's physical condition and various mental disorders and notes what progress can realistically be made toward the prevention and treatment of stroke and other ailments. Finally, she explores the potential for major advances during the "Decade of the Brain," with a look at medical imaging techniquesâ€"what various technologies can and cannot tell usâ€"and how the public and private sectors can contribute to continued advances in neuroscience. This highly readable volume will provide the public and policymakersâ€"and many scientists as wellâ€"with a helpful guide to understanding the many discoveries that are sure to be announced throughout the "Decade of the Brain."
Download or read book Pictorialism in Cinema written by Jarmo Valkola and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2016-09-23 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the unique phenomenon of pictorialism and its connection with other arts in film and media studies. Pictorialism is motivated by the commitment to develop and increase the function and effectiveness of images, sounds, and performances that aesthetically formulate, translate, and change the effects of contemporary cinema to higher dimensions and qualities of art. The book’s main focus is when pictorialism as such is the major aesthetic convention used in filmmaking practice, and when pictorialism itself forms the key element of the narrative, considering a number of theoretical and practical issues of filmic narration, including: What are the main challenges of pictorial communication? How is pictorialism used in films? How far is the “pictorial image” a combination of the bodily performance of the characters, the surrounding landscape, and the evocative use of the soundscape? More generally, what is the state of image studies today? The first part of this book deals with the conventions of pictorialist connections in architecture, painting and photography, and their influences on cinematic representations and on film studies and film theory. The films analysed here combine various styles, but the focus is tracking down pictorialism’s influences through a large spectre of matters. The next section explores pictorialism’s development in Hollywood cinema, in European Cinema, in avant-garde film, and in documentary. Finally, the book concludes with three large sections devoted to the developers of modern pictorialist cinema, namely Theo Angelopoulos, Aki Kaurismäki and Béla Tarr. As such, this study offers a way to understand the main ideas, subjects and stylisation of pictorialism in cinema, to explore the main ingredients of this phenomenon, and to focus on narratives that are in the service of pictorial matters.
Download or read book Development of Student Understanding Focus on Science Education written by Calvin S. Kalman and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-01-21 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Recent Approaches for Assessing Cognitive Load from a Validity Perspective written by Moritz Krell and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-02-24 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
