Download or read book Learnability Issues in the Acquisition of the Dative Alternation in English written by Safinaz M. Hammouda and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Learnability Issues in the Acquisition of the Dative Alternation in English written by Safinaz Mahmoud Hammouda and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Targeted Learning written by Mark J. van der Laan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-17 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The statistics profession is at a unique point in history. The need for valid statistical tools is greater than ever; data sets are massive, often measuring hundreds of thousands of measurements for a single subject. The field is ready to move towards clear objective benchmarks under which tools can be evaluated. Targeted learning allows (1) the full generalization and utilization of cross-validation as an estimator selection tool so that the subjective choices made by humans are now made by the machine, and (2) targeting the fitting of the probability distribution of the data toward the target parameter representing the scientific question of interest. This book is aimed at both statisticians and applied researchers interested in causal inference and general effect estimation for observational and experimental data. Part I is an accessible introduction to super learning and the targeted maximum likelihood estimator, including related concepts necessary to understand and apply these methods. Parts II-IX handle complex data structures and topics applied researchers will immediately recognize from their own research, including time-to-event outcomes, direct and indirect effects, positivity violations, case-control studies, censored data, longitudinal data, and genomic studies.
Download or read book Parameter Resetting and Learnability in the Acquisition of French and Spanish by Adult Native Speakers of English written by Dalila Ayoun and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The French and Spanish data include grammatical and ungrammatical sentences. all the equivalent English sentences are grammatical. Instances of preposition stranding include ten grammatical sentences with pied piping: five declaratives and five wh-interrogatives; and ten ungrammatical sentences with preposition stranding: five declaratives and five wh-interrogatives. Instances of Exceptional-Case marking and dative passive include five grammatical and five ungrammatical sentences. Instances of dative alternation include five double object constructions, ungrammatical in French and Spanish, and five prepositional constructions, grammatical in French and Spanish. the results do not indicate strong support for the parameter resetting hypothesis nor for the learnability hypothesis. Subjects successfully acquire some of the properties tested by fail to acquire others.
Download or read book Logical Issues in Language Acquisition written by I. M. Roca and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2019-11-18 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No detailed description available for "Logical Issues in Language Acquisition".
Download or read book Learnability and the Lexicon written by Alan Juffs and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 1996-08-23 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a critical review of recent theories of semantics-syntax correspondences and makes new proposals for constraints on semantic structure relevant to syntax. Data from several languages are presented which suggest that semantic structure in root morphemes is subject to parametric variation which has effect across a variety of verb classes, including locatives, unaccusatives, and psych verbs.The implications for first and second language acquisition are discussed. In particular, it is suggested that different parametric settings may lead to a learnability problem if adult learners do not retain access to sensitivity to underlying semantic organization and morphological differences between languages provided by Universal Grammar. An experiment with Chinese-speaking learners of English is presented which shows that learners initially transfer L1 semantic organization to the L2, but are able to retreat from overgeneralisations and achieve native-like grammars in this area. Suggestions for further research in this rapidly developing area of theory and acquisition research are also made.
Download or read book Theoretical Issues in Language Acquisition written by Juergen Weissenborn and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-02-01 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent linguistic theory, there has been an explosion of detailed studies of language variation. This volume applies such recent analyses to the study of child language, developing new approaches to change and variation in child grammars and revealing both early knowledge in several areas of grammar and a period of extended development in others. Topics dealt with include question formation, "subjectless" sentences, object gaps, rules for missing subject interpretation, passive sentences, rules for pronoun interpretation and argument structure. Leading developmental linguists and psycholinguists show how linguistic theory can help define and inform a theory of the dynamics of language development and its biological basis, meeting the growing need for such studies in programs in linguistics, psychology, and cognitive science.
Download or read book Case Semantic Roles and Grammatical Relations written by Petra Campe and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 1994-07-01 with total page 655 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first of a series of 6 books dealing with case phenomena in different languages, both Indo- and non-Indo-European, resulting from work by a team of 20 specialists at the University of Leuven. It is the first time such a large-scale investigation into case has been undertaken, and a remarkable feature of the project is the use of computer corpora of authentic material. This bibliography presents the many dimensions involved in research into case and case-related phenomena. This includes not only morphological case markers, but also the crossconstituent (semantic and grammatical) relations expressed by morphological case or by its various counterparts; morpho-syntactic processes such as transitivity and passivization; and pragmatic and textual considerations. In addition, the bibliography reflects the implications of case research for other disciplines, such as foreign language teaching and artificial intelligence. More than 6000 publications are listed. An extensive Subject Index provides easy access to all the topics and major concepts covered. A Language Index and a Guide to Languages/Language Families conclude the book. The other volumes in the series include The Dative (2 vols), The Genitive, The Nominative and Accusative, and Non-nuclear Cases.
Download or read book Acquisition of Dative Alternation in English by Second Language Learners written by Dong Han Lee and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Teacher s Grammar of English with Answers written by Ron Cowan and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-05-26 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Teacher's grammar of English enables English language teachers and teachers-in-training to fully understand and effectively teach English grammar. With comprehensive presentation of form, meaning, and usage, along with practical exercises and advice on teaaching difficult structures, it is both a complete grammar course and an essential reference text."--Back cover.
Download or read book Biological and Behavioral Determinants of Language Development written by Norman A. Krasnegor and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-02-25 with total page 585 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a current, interdisciplinary perspective on language requisites from both a biological/comparative perspective and from a developmental/learning perspective. Perspectives regarding language and language acquisition are advanced by scientists of various backgrounds -- speech, hearing, developmental psychology, comparative psychology, and language intervention. This unique volume searches for a rational interface between findings and perspectives generated by language studies with humans and with chimpanzees. Intended to render a reconsideration as to the essence of language and the requisites to its acquisition, it also provides readers with perspectives defined by various revisionists who hold that language might be other than the consequence of a mutation unique to humans and might, fundamentally, not be limited to speech.
Download or read book Relexification and Lexical Relativity in the Second Language Acquisition of the Dative Alternation written by Hunter Nicholas McKenzie and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: English ditransitive verbs show a complex alternation between the double object construction (DOC, (1)) and prepositional object datives (POD, (2)). This dissertation examines the acquisition, representation, and learnability of the dative alternation among L2 English learners, presenting experimental data from participants with L1 backgrounds of Mandarin Chinese (n = 14), Korean (n = 19), and Spanish (n = 21), as well as L1 English speakers (n = 41). While argument structure alternations have played an important role in L2 acquisition, this study differs from previous work in that it focuses on the abstract syntax of datives. The DOC exhibits an asymmetric structural pattern that has been a key point of discussion in syntactic research (e.g., Citko, Emonds, & Whitney, 2017). A-bar movement (wh-questions and relative clauses) of the goal argument is ungrammatical (3), while A-bar movement of the theme is acceptable (4). Conversely, A-movement of the theme argument is ungrammatical (5) with non-pronominal arguments, while A-movement of the goal (6) is grammatical. Citko, Emonds, and Whitney (2017) have argued that these structural contrasts are best explained through a syntactic derivation of the DOC from the POD that promotes the indirect object to a direct object position. This proposal, based on Emonds (1993), links English DOCs to Marantz's Generalization, a cross-linguistic pattern identified by Baker (1988) in which indirect objects surface productively as applied direct objects.This experiment tests whether L2 learners' grammatical intuitions show the syntactic hallmarks of Marantz's Generalization. Participants judged the acceptability of sentences formed with twelve verbs (give, send, tell, text, buy, make, return, push, say, yell, purchase, create) appearing in each of seven syntactic contexts, which included passives, questions, and relative clauses targeting both direct objects and indirect objects. Acceptability data was analyzed using Generalized Linear Mixed Models. Notably, both L1 and L2 English speakers showed sensitivity to the ungrammaticality of A-movement of themes and A-bar movement of goals. These results point to a strikingly asymmetric pattern, in which verbs that form double objects productively surface with distinct syntax. Another interaction was identified between L2 English proficiency and rejection of sentences with non-DOC verbs, modeled at the individual participant level, incorporating Stringer's (2010) notion of Lexical Relativity. The syntactic regularity observed across L1 groups thus coexisted with another pattern of lexical variation. The results lend empirical support to syntactically derived accounts of the dative alternation. From an acquisitional perspective, the data are best situated within a theory of L2 acquisition that assumes both pervasive L1 influence at the level of individual lexical items, and adult access to universal grammatical constraints, as proposed in Sprouse's (2006) model of the initial state of L2 acquisition in terms of Relexification. Examples:(1) Mary gave the student a book.(3) *Which student did Mary give a book?(5) *The book was given a student.(2) Mary gave a book to the student.(4) What book did Mary give the student?(6) The student was given a book.
Download or read book Datives and Other Cases written by Daniel P. Hole and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a state-of-the-art account of research into datives and other morphological cases. The contributors, among them leading scholars in the field, present fresh insights into traditional issues such as the dichotomy between lexical and structural case, and open up fascinating new areas of research. A recurrent feature of the majority of contributions is their combined syntax-semantics perspective. Germanic varieties, Serbian, Albanian and other Balkan languages alongside Chinese, Japanese, Tagalog are discussed from various theoretical angles such as mainstream generativism, lexical-functional grammar, and functional typology. Despite the broad range of facts spanning the distance between acquisition data and dialectology, the papers are connected by a renewed interest in form-function correspondencies. This volume will be welcomed by theoretical linguists and typologists with an interest in argument and event structure, linguists studying the case systems of individual languages and researchers in search for up-to-date discussion of Germanic datives.
Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of Second Language Acquisition Morphosyntax and Semantics written by Tania Ionin and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-03-11 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook provides innovative and comprehensive coverage of research on the second language acquisition (SLA) of morphosyntax, semantics, and the interface between the two. Organized by grammatical topic, the chapters are written by experts from formal and functional perspectives in the SLA of morphosyntax and semantics, providing in-depth yet accessible coverage of these areas. All chapters highlight the theoretical underpinnings of much work in SLA and their links to theoretical syntax and semantics; making comparisons to other populations, including child language acquirers, bilinguals, and heritage speakers (links to first language acquisition and bilingualism); dedicating a portion of each chapter to the research methods used to investigate the linguistic phenomenon in question (links to psycholinguistics and experimental linguistics); and, where relevant, including intervention studies on the phenomenon in question (links to applied linguistics). The volume will be indispensable to SLA researchers and students who work on any aspect of the SLA of morphosyntax or semantics. With its coverage of a variety of methodologies and comparisons to other populations (such as child language acquirers, early bilinguals, heritage speakers, and monolingual adults), the handbook is expected to also be of much interest to linguists who work in psycholinguistics, first language acquisition, and bilingualism.
Download or read book The changing face of ESP in today s classroom and workplace written by Nalan Kenny and published by Vernon Press. This book was released on 2020-09-01 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the growth and development of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) as an area of study since the 1960s, few books related to classroom applications in combination with other disciplines such as Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), English Language Teaching (ELT), or English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI), exist. Each section of this volume includes scholarly written studies from across the globe, indicating the extent and the importance ESP has in the current academic world. Filling the present void in available material on this subject, this book contains various useful and effective applications of ESP, teaching activities for classroom settings, as well as insights on how ESP can be combined with, and adopted by, other disciplines. Written from a variety of backgrounds and perspectives, this text is sure to contribute to this field and will be of interest to ESP teachers, as well as postgraduate and undergraduate students.
Download or read book Interlanguage and Learnability written by Virginia Yip and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 1995-10-26 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates a set of structures characteristic of Chinese speakers' English interlanguage (CIL) in the light of grammatical theory and principles of learnability. As a study of CIL grammar, it illuminates both the theory of interlanguage syntax in general and some specific problems in the acquisition of English by Chinese L1 learners. A set of interrelated structures are investigated, including topicalization, passive, ergative, “tough movement” and existential constructions. The interlanguage is approached through the comparative syntax of the relevant L1 and L2 constructions, combining insights from Chomskyan Universal Grammar and typological research. CIL proves to be permeable to Chinese typological influence and bears topic-prominent characteristics, while showing effects of language universals. A parallel theme of the book is the question of learnability in the context of second language acquisition. The Subset and Uniqueness Principles are adapted to the L2 context so as to account for learning difficulty as well as successful acquisition. Under-generation and over-generation of the interlanguage and target constructions give rise to learnability problems which are formulated in terms of set relations at the level of individual constructions. The Uniqueness Principle is invoked to motivate preemption of overgenerated forms. The interaction of syntax and semantics plays a crucial role in the formulation and resolution of these learnability problems. General conceptual issues raised by the Subset and Uniqueness Principles are also discussed.
Download or read book Parameter Setting in Language Acquisition written by Dalila Ayoun and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2005-02-28 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a broad overview of parameter-setting theory in first and second language acquisition and refines the theory by revisiting and challenging the traditional assumptions that underlie it, based on cross-linguistic language data that cover a range of syntactic and phonological phenomena. From an historical perspective on parameter-setting theory to an introduction to its role in computational linguistics, neurolinguistics, and language change, the reader will find a critique of the most commonly made arguments, as well as an index of all the syntactic, phonological, lexical, and morphological parameters presented in the literature to date. A closer look at the theory itself addresses the following questions: What does a parameter-setting approach to language acquisition entail? What are the underpinnings of the theory? What issues and problems remain to be solved? The empirical studies carried out to test the null subject parameter and verb movement parameter are reviewed to re-examine long-standing theoretical assumptions as well as the learnability implications for first and second language acquisition.
