Download or read book Leak Detection in Fluid Distribution Networks written by Abdulrahman Amin Alawadhi and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leakage is an undesired abnormality that causes economical losses and impacts the environment. Leak detection tests in pipe networks are usually interpreted using water-hammer equations (WHE). These equations are nonlinear hyperbolic partial differential equations (PDEs) used to describe transient flows in pipes. The associated uncertainties in initial and boundary conditions, parameters, and leak strength and location increases the stochastic behavior of these equations. The method of distributions is used to derive a deterministic PDE for probability density function (PDF) of pressure head and flow velocity under uncertain initial conditions. The derivation requires a closure approximation that ensures its consistency with the mean and the variance of the state variables. A series of numerical experiments confirms the computational gain of this method over Monte Carlo simulations. The PDF of pressure head obtained using the method of distributions serves as a prior PDF for data assimilation. Bayesian framework is used to update this distribution with a statistical model for observations obtained from the data collected by a pressure sensor. The result is posterior PDFs for leak location and leak strength. Series of numerical experiments are conducted for a single pipe and pipe networks under uncertain initial velocity and measurement noise to identify leak location and leak strength. The results are compared with the best fitness function that is used in inverse transient analysis.

Download or read book Improving Leak Detection in Water Distribution Networks Through Hydraulic Modeling and Pressure Management written by Noura Abu Al Faraj and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approximately six billion gallons of drinking water are lost through distribution systems every day across the United States. In Philadelphia alone, an estimated 22 million gallons per day (MGD) of water is unaccounted for. This constitutes 25% of drinking water produced each day. Water is lost through distribution networks due to various reasons, such as erroneous meter readings, inaccurate billing, and physical damage to the infrastructure. According to the Philadelphia Water Department's Water Audit, water losses in the year 2010 amounted to over $30 million. Not only does "unaccounted-for water" cost the city of Philadelphia millions of dollars every year, it could also be affecting the quality of our drinking water; undetected leaks could potentially allow pathogens to enter the pipes and contaminate the network's water. This risk is magnified in periods of high flow demands such as during fire emergencies. Currently, the City utilizes many methods for detecting and repairing leaks including acoustic leak detection methods. However, these methods are not fast and not very effective in large diameter pipes. This thesis proposes a method for leak detection that utilizes hydraulic modeling and pressure management in the water distribution network to find the source of leaks as quickly and efficiently as possible causing less water to be wasted. Millions of dollars worth of wasted water could be saved while protecting the quality of our water from contamination.

Download or read book Losses in Water Distribution Networks written by M. Farley and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2003-03-31 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a best practice manual for addressing water losses in water distribution networks worldwide. Systems and methodologies are presented for improving water loss and leakage management in a range of networks, from systems with a well-developed infrastructure to those in developing countries where the network may need to be upgraded. The key feature of the manual is a diagnostic approach to develop a water loss strategy - using the appropriate tools to find the right solutions - which can be applied to any network. The methods of assessing the scale and volume of water loss are outlined, together with the procedures for setting up leakage monitoring and detection systems. As well as real losses (leakage) procedures for addressing apparent losses, by introducing regulatory and customer metering policies are explained. Suggestions are made for demand management and water conservation programmes, to complement the water loss strategy. Recommendations are made for training workshops and operation and maintenance programmes to ensure skills transfer and sustainability. The manual is illustrated throughout with case studies. Losses in Water Distribution Networks will appeal to a wide range of practitioners responsible for designing and managing a water loss strategy. These include consultants, operations managers, engineers, technicians and operational staff. It will also be a valuable reference for senior managers and decision makers, who may require an overview of the principles and procedures for controlling losses. The book will also be suitable as a source document for courses in Water Engineering, Resource Management and Environmental Management.

Download or read book Leak Detection written by Stuart Hamilton and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2013-06-30 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ageing infrastructure and declining water resources are major concerns with a growing global population. Controlling water loss has therefore become a priority for water utilities around the world. In order to improve efficiencies, water utilities need to apply good practices in leak detection. Leak Detection: Technology and Implementation assists water utilities with the development and implementation of leak detection programs. Leak detection and repair is one of the components of controlling water loss. In addition, techniques are discussed within this book and relevant case studies are presented. This book provides useful and practical information on leakage issues.

Download or read book Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering Theory and Practice written by Yanwen Wu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-15 with total page 1101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The volume includes a set of selected papers extended and revised from the I2009 Pacific-Asia Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Software Engineering (KESE 2009) was held on December 19~ 20, 2009, Shenzhen, China. Volume 1 is to provide a forum for researchers, educators, engineers, and government officials involved in the general areas of Computer and Software Engineering to disseminate their latest research results and exchange views on the future research directions of these fields. 140 high-quality papers are included in the volume. Each paper has been peer-reviewed by at least 2 program committee members and selected by the volume editor Prof. Yanwen Wu. On behalf of this volume, we would like to express our sincere appreciation to all of authors and referees for their efforts reviewing the papers. Hoping you can find lots of profound research ideas and results on the related fields of Computer and Software Engineering.

Download or read book Pressure Difference based Sensing of Leaks in Water Distribution Networks written by Páll Magnús Kornmayer and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human society and civilization rely on the constant availability of fresh water. In regions where a local source of potable water is not available, a transportation and distribution pipe system is employed. When these pipes feature cracks, holes, or leaks, the result is a substantial waste of energy and natural resources. As communities grow the loss due to these flaws becomes more costly, and the motivation to detect leaks increases. The purpose of this thesis project is to develop pressure difference-based sensing cells that can be used in an untethered leak-detection device. This device is to be deployed in water distribution networks to locate leaks so that water loss can be minimized. Design of these sensing cells and of the leak-detection device entails evaluating the size and shape of a leak's low pressure region. In this paper, leaks are investigated in this regard and a number of different pressure difference-sensing sensor technologies are explored and evaluated. A silicone-rubber deflecting membrane is selected for the application. The relationship between pressure-derived force acting on its surface and its maximum deflection is evaluated as a means of leak detection. Ultimately, testing reveals that these types of cells are simple and robust. While they deflect as anticipated, the formula used to predict their behavior does not fit the experimental results. It is concluded that this type of pressure difference-sensing membrane is well-suited for application within an untethered sensor, with the opportunity for deeper material selection and more accurate deflection analysis.

Download or read book Real time Monitoring and Operational Control of Drinking Water Systems written by Vicenç Puig and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-18 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a set of approaches for the real-time monitoring and control of drinking-water networks based on advanced information and communication technologies. It shows the reader how to achieve significant improvements in efficiency in terms of water use, energy consumption, water loss minimization, and water quality guarantees. The methods and approaches presented are illustrated and have been applied using real-life pilot demonstrations based on the drinking-water network in Barcelona, Spain. The proposed approaches and tools cover: • decision-making support for real-time optimal control of water transport networks, explaining how stochastic model predictive control algorithms that take explicit account of uncertainties associated with energy prices and real demand allow the main flow and pressure actuators—pumping stations and pressure regulation valves— and intermediate storage tanks to be operated to meet demand using the most sustainable types of source and with minimum electricity costs;• decision-making support for monitoring water balance and distribution network quality in real time, implementing fault detection and diagnosis techniques and using information from hundreds of flow, pressure, and water-quality sensors together with hydraulic and quality-parameter-evolution models to detect and locate leaks in the network, possible breaches in water quality, and failures in sensors and/or actuators;• consumer-demand prediction, based on smart metering techniques, producing detailed analyses and forecasts of consumption patterns, providing a customer communications service, and suggesting economic measures intended to promote more efficient use of water at the household level. Researchers and engineers working with drinking-water networks will find this a vital support in overcoming the problems associated with increased population, environmental sensitivities and regulation, aging infrastructures, energy requirements, and limited water sources.

Download or read book Performance Assessment of Pressurized Fluid distribution Networks written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mots-clés de l'auteur: leak detection ; system identification ; model falsification ; modelling ; uncertainty ; sensors.

Download or read book Multi leak Detection with Wavelet Analysis of Pressure Sensitivities in Water Distribution Networks written by Claudia Deniss Escalera Avitia and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leak detection becomes an important issue for managers of water supply networks. They need to detect quickly all the unexpected events that could occur in the network, such as leakages, damage, or sensor malfunction. The cost of water is increasing; therefore loss of water by leaks must be reduced because damages are often expensive. In most water distribution networks, a large percentage of water is lost in transit from treatments units to consumers. Around 25% of production is lost or unaccounted due to several causes but mainly leakages, false measurements errors, public usage such as fire- fighting, earthquakes and sometimes severely cold weather. Most of the research until now proposes several methods for leak detection, considering only one leak in the system. In this work, detection of several leaks is proposed, using an extended horizon analysis of pressure sensitivities. The proposed method is a combination of different detection methods, such as pressure sensitivities matrix, wavelet analysis, phase- quadrant demodulation code, and finally a weighting and voting system. This approach is tested in simulations for two different networks; a network with high consumption, Hanoi network, and a larger network, Quebra. Simulation results showed that in presence of two leaks, the detection of these two leaks is around 80%, detecting the leak node or one of the neighbors nodes around, and of 95% detecting the leak node or the second order neighbors nodes, being these the neighbors of the neighbors; in presence of three leaks, the detection of the three leaks is around 97% detecting the leak node or the second order neighbors nodes. Extensive simulations were realized for each of the water networks to validate the algorithm performance.

Download or read book Leak Detection Methods for Plastic Water Distribution Pipes written by Osama Hunaidi and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 1999 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evaluates the effectiveness of pinpointing leaks in plastic pipe using acoustic leak detection equipment commonly used by the water industry in North America and promising technologies from other industries. Emphasizes technology and procedures for listening devices and an acoustic noise correlator. Research partner: National Research Council Canada.

Download or read book Analysis of Acoustic Signals for Leak Detection in Water Distribution Networks written by Runal Shrivastava and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Acoustic leak detection methods have proven effective in identifying leaks before they can cause interruptions in water supply and financial loss. However, most studies in this area have relied on laboratory experiments, and there is a need to expand the use of acoustic-based leak detection methods for real-time monitoring in the field. This study focuses on using hydrophones for leak detection in four different parts of a water network. The aim is to identify features that can differentiate between simulations of leaks and normal flow conditions and to assess the impact of network and leak characteristics on these features. Data was obtained from leaks simulated in the field, and the signals were analyzed using continuous wavelet transform and power spectral density. The results showed that acoustic signals from sites with cast iron pipes exhibit a higher power value in the frequency range of 200 to 400 Hz during most leak tests. Factors such as the distance of leaks from the sensors and network topology affect the magnitude of power for this frequency range, thus making detection more challenging. This frequency band can be used to establish a historical baseline and differentiate normal and abnormal conditions, thus, facilitating leak detection. The study concludes that acoustic-based leak detection methods have the potential to detect leaks in cast iron pipe networks. However, further research is necessary to tackle challenges present in real water distribution networks, including background noise, changes in pipe properties, and complicated network topology

Download or read book Advanced Technique for Leak Detection and Location in Water Networks written by Aburawe Salah M and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2015-11-30 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most water utilities worldwide suffer from the problem of water loss which effects the financial, social and environmental concerns. Leakage in water distribution networks is a significant issue that costs a lot, which is further complicated by the problem that the location of the leakage is usually hidden underground. In this book The author presents an advanced analytical technique for real-time leakage detection and location in water distribution networks with acceptable accuracy and reasonable cost.

Download or read book Integrated Use of Space Geophysical and Hyperspectral Technologies Intended for Monitoring Water Leakages in Water Supply Networks written by Diofantos Hadjimitsis and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2014-11-05 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Remote sensing has been used for water management purposes over the years. This book describes the combination of satellite imagery, in-situ spectroradiometric data and radar techniques for the identification of water leakages in the water supply network in both rural and urban areas in Cyprus. This book presents a holistic approach combining new technologies for a complete system of water distribution network leakage detection management, by combining Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Geographical Information Systems (GIS), Satellite Remote Sensing techniques as well Geophysical surveys such as ground penetrating radar (GPR), Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) and spectro-radiometric measurements, which can be used to effectively identify and monitor water leakages.

Download or read book Modeling and Monitoring of Pipelines and Networks written by Cristina Verde and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-21 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the analysis and design of advanced techniques for on-line automatic computational monitoring of pipelines and pipe networks. It discusses how to improve the systems’ security considering mathematical models of the flow, historical flow rate and pressure data, with the main goal of reducing the number of sensors installed along a pipeline. The techniques presented in the book have been implemented in digital systems to enhance the abilities of the pipeline network’s operators in recognizing anomalies. A real leak scenario in a Mexican water pipeline is used to illustrate the benefits of these techniques in locating the position of a leak. Intended for an interdisciplinary audience, the book addresses researchers and professionals in the areas of mechanical, civil and control engineering. It covers topics on fluid mechanics, instrumentation, automatic control, signal processing, computing, construction and diagnostic technologies.

Download or read book Preventing Water Loss in Water Distribution Systems written by Stephen W. Maloney and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Leaks in Water Distribution Systems written by American Water Works Association and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Robust Leak Localization in Water Distribution Networks Using Machine Learning Techniques written by Adrià Soldevila Coma and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This PhD thesis presents a methodology to detect, estimate and localize water leaks (with the main focus in the localization problem) in water distribution networks using hydraulic models and machine learning techniques. The actual state of the art is introduced, the theoretical basis of the machine learning techniques applied are explained and the hydraulic model is also detailed. The whole methodology is presented and tested into different water distribution networks and district metered areas based on simulated and real case studies and compared with published methods.The focus of the contributions is to bring more robust methods against the uncertainties that effects the problem of leak detection, by dealing with them using the self-similarity to create features monitored by the change detection technique intersection-of-confidence-interval, and the leak localization where the problem is tackled using machine learning techniques. By using those techniques, it is expected to learn the leak behavior considering their uncertainty to be used in the diagnosis stage after the training phase.One method for the leak detection problem is presented that is able to estimate the leak size and the time that the leak has been produced. This method captures the normal, leak-free, behavior and contrast it with the new measurements in order to evaluate the state of the network. If the behavior is not normal check if it is due to a leak. To have a more robust leak detection method, a specific validation is designed to operate specifically with leaks and in the temporal region where the leak is most apparent. A methodology to extent the current model-based approach to localize water leaks by means of classifiers is proposed where the non-parametric k-nearest neighbors classifier and the parametric multi-class Bayesian classifier are proposed. A new data-driven approach to localize leaks using a multivariate regression technique without the use of hydraulic models is also introduced. This method presents a clear benefit over the model-based technique by removing the need of the hydraulic model despite of the topological information is still required. Also, the information of the expected leaks is not required since information of the expected hydraulic behavior with leak is exploited to find the place where the leak is more suitable. This method has a good performance in practice, but is very sensitive to the number of sensor in the network and their sensor placement.The proposed sensor placement techniques reduce the computational load required to take into account the amount of data needed to model the uncertainty compared with other optimization approaches while are designed to work with the leak localization problem. More precisely, the proposed hybrid feature selection technique for sensor placement is able to work with any method that can be evaluated with confusion matrix and still being specialized for the leak localization task. This last method is good for a few sensors, but lacks of precision when the number of sensors to place is large. To overcome this problem an incremental sensor placement is proposed which is better for a larger number of sensors to place but worse when the number is small.