Download or read book Leading Baryon Production in Proton Nucleus Collisions at the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron written by Andrew Allen Rose and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Die sieben hohen und kr ftigen Namen Gottes Ms 267 written by and published by . This book was released on 1752 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Hadron Production in Heavy Ion Collisions written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heavy ion collisions are an ideal tool to explore the QCD phase diagram. The goal is to study the equation of state (EOS) and to search for possible in-medium modifications of hadrons. By varying the collision energy a variety of regimes with their specific physics interest can be studied. At energies of a few GeV per nucleon, the regime where experiments were performed first at the Berkeley Bevalac and later at the Schwer-Ionen-Synchrotron (SIS) at GSI in Darmstadt, we study the equation of state of dense nuclear matter and try to identify in-medium modifications of hadrons. Towards higher energies, the regime of the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) at the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), the Super-Proton Synchrotron (SPS) at CERN, and the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at BNL, we expect to produce a new state of matter, the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). The physics goal is to identify the QGP and to study its properties. By varying the energy, different forms of matter are produced. At low energies we study dense nuclear matter, similar to the type of matter neutron stars are made of. As the energy is increased the main constituents of the matter will change. Baryon excitations will become more prevalent (resonance matter). Eventually we produce deconfined partonic matter that is thought to be in the core of neutron stars and that existed in the early universe. At low energies a great variety of collective effects is observed and a rather good understanding of the particle production has been achieved, especially that of the most abundantly produced pions and kaons. Many observations can be interpreted as time-ordered emission of various particle species. It is possible to determine, albeit model dependent, the equation of state of nuclear matter. We also have seen indications, that the kaon mass, especially the mass of the K, might be modified by the medium created in heavy ion collisions. At AGS energies and above, emphasis shifts towards different aspects. Lattice QCD calculations predict the transition between a Quark-Gluon Plasma and a hadronic state at a critical temperature, T{sub c}, of about 150 to 190 MeV at vanishing baryon density. The energy density at the transition point is about 1:0 GeV/fm3. It is generally assumed that chiral symmetry restoration happens simultaneously. In the high-energy regime, especially at RHIC, a rich field of phenomena [3] has revealed itself. Hot and dense matter with very strong collectivity has been created. There are indications that collectivity develops at the parton level, i.e. at a very early stage of the collision, when the constituents are partons rather than hadrons. Signs of pressure driven collective effects are our main tool for the study of the EOS. There are also strong indications that in the presence of a medium hadronization occurs through the process of quark coalescence and not through quark fragmentation, the process dominant for high-energy p+p reactions. We limit this report to the study of hadrons emitted in heavy ion reactions. The report is divided into two parts. The first part describes the phenomena observed from hadrons produced at low energies, whereas the second part concentrates on the search for signs of a partonic state at high energies.

Download or read book Quarkonium Production in High Energyproton proton and Proton nucleus Collisions written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We present a brief overview of the most relevant current issues related to quarkonium production in high energy proton-proton and proton-nucleus collisions along with some perspectives. After reviewing recent experimental and theoretical results on quarkonium production in pp and pA collisions, we discuss the emerging field of polarization studies. Afterwards, we report on issues related to heavy-quark production, both in pp and pA collisions, complemented by AA collisions. To put the work in broader perpectives, we emphasize the need for new observables to investigate the quarkonium production mechanisms and reiterate the qualities that make quarkonia a unique tool for many investigations in particle and nuclear physics.

Download or read book Baryon Stopping and Hadronic Spectra in Pb Pb Collisions at 158 GeV written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Baryon stopping and particle production in Pb+Pb collisions at 158 GeV/nucleon are studied as a function of the collision centrality using new proton, antiproton, charged kaon and charged pion production data measured with the NA49 experiment at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS). Stopping, which is measured by the shift in rapidity of net protons or baryons from the initial beam rapidity, increases in more central collisions. This is expected from a geometrical picture of the collisions. The stopping data are quantitatively compared to models incorporating various mechanisms for stopping. In general, microscopic transport calculations which incorporate current theoretical models of baryon stopping or use phenomenological extrapolations from simpler systems overestimate the dependence of stopping on centrality. Approximately, the yield of produced pions scales with the number of nucleons participating in the collision. A small increase in yield beyond this scaling, accompanied by a small suppression in the yield of the fastest pions, reflects the variation in stopping with centrality. Consistent with the observations from central collisions of light and heavy nuclei at the SPS, the transverse momentum distributions of all particles are observed to become harder with increasing centrality. This effect is most pronounced for the heaviest particles. This hardening is discussed in terms of multiple scattering of the incident nucleons of one colliding nucleus as they traverse the other nucleus and in terms of rescattering within the system of produced particles.

Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Probing Hadron Structure in Proton nucleus Collisions written by David Zaslavsky and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the behavior of large atomic nuclei (heavy ions) in high-energy collisions has been the focus of a concerted research effort over the past 10-15 years. Much of the latest progress in the field has centered around transverse momentum-dependent (or "unintegrated") parton distributions: in particular the prediction of the high-energy behavior of these distributions, in the form of the Balitsky-JIMWLK equations, and the development of the hybrid factorization framework, which connects the unintegrated parton distributions to predictions for experimentally measured cross sections. With the advent of high-energy proton-nucleus collisions at RHIC and the LHC, we are able to experimentally test these predictions for the first time. In this dissertation, I show two case studies of these predictions, to illustrate the use of the hybrid factorization at leading and next-to-leading order.First, as a simple example, I analyze the azimuthal angular correlation for a Drell-Yan process, the production of a lepton pair with an associated hadron. The correlation for back-to-back emission turns out to be determined by the low-momentum region of the unintegrated gluon distribution, and the correlation for parallel emission is determined by the high-momentum region. Accordingly, a proper prediction of the correlation at all angles requires a gluon distribution with physically realistic behavior at both high and low momenta. Furthermore, the properties of the central double peak that emerges in Drell-Yan production can provide some insight into the form of the gluon distribution.I'll then describe a numerical calculation of the cross section for inclusive hadron production, which incorporates all corrections up to next-to-leading order in the strong coupling. This calculation illustrates several obstacles presented by subleading terms, including the removal of divergences by renormalizing the integrated and unintegrated parton distributions. The results of the calculation are negative at high transverse momentum, which is surprising but may be mathematically reasonable, since the perturbative approximation to the cross section may break down under those kinematic conditions. However, it may be possible to make meaningful predictions for the nuclear modification ratio R_pA despite the negative cross section.Moving beyond next-to-leading order, it may be possible to cure the negativity of the inclusive hadron cross section by altering the formulas used. I'll show two possible methods of doing so: first, a straightforward resummation of selected higher-order terms corresponding to gluon loop diagrams is able to mitigate the negativity, though it requires some alterations of unclear theoretical origin. A more promising alternative seems to be use of exact kinematic definitions, incorporating terms which disappear in the infinite-energy limit; this constrains the kinematics to eliminate the region of phase space which most strongly contributes to the negativity. In this way, the calculation can be adapted to produce reasonable results at high transverse momentum.

Download or read book Production of c Baryons in Proton proton and Lead lead Collisions at sNN written by Albert M. Sirunyan and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book On Enhancement of Lambda hyperon Production in the Proton nucleus Collisions and Multiproduction Models written by N. N. Nikolaev and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book K 0 892 Production in Proton nucleus Collisions written by Christopher van Eldik and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Centrality Dependent Strange Baryon Production in P A and Its Implications for Heavy Ion Collisions written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: BNL E910 has measured strange baryon production as a function of collision centrality for 17.5 GeV/c p-Au collisions. Collision centrality is defined by v1 the mean number projectile-nucleon interactions estimated from the ''grey'' track multiplicity. The measured [Lambda] yield increases faster than the participant scaling expectation for v ≤ 3 and then saturates. A simple parameterization of this dependence applied to nucleus-nucleus collisions reproduces the measured E866 km. and WA97 [Lambda] centrality dependent yields. The increase in [Lambda] production to v ≤ 3 is also evident for [Lambda]s which are leading baryons, in disagreement with predictions from RQMD.

Download or read book Semi inclusive Delta Resonance Production in Proton nucleus Collisions at 12 3 GeV c written by David Winter and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Baryon Stopping in High Energy Collisions in the DPMJET III Model written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The significant stopping of the participant nucleons in hadron-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions is investigated with the Monte Carlo event generator DPMJET-III by introducing new diquark breaking diagrams. It is argued that a similar mechanism might also lead to baryon stopping in proton-proton collisions at collider and cosmic ray energies. Model results are compared to data on net-proton rapidity distributions in central nuclear collisions. In addition, extrapolations of spectrum-weighted moments and energy fractions to cosmic ray energies are given.

Download or read book Notes from the Conference on the Alternating gradient Proton Synchrotron Held at the Institute of Physics of the University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland October 26 27 28 1953 written by M. Hildred Blewett and published by . This book was released on 1953 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Heavy Ion Collisions written by Paul Bonche and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-08 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1984 Cargese Advanced Study Institute was devoted to the study of nuclear heavy ion collisions at medium and ultrarelativis tic energies. The origin of this meeting goes back to 1982 when the organizers met at the GANIL laboratory in Caen, France which had just started accelerating argon ions at 44 MeV per nucleon. We then realized that 1984 should be the appropriate time to review the first results obtained with such new kinds of facilities. The material contained in this volume, presenting many beautiful re sults on nuclei at high excitation, fully confirms this point. Many stimulating exchanges between experts in rather diffe rent fields already took place during the school and we hope that this cross fertilization will lead to further developments. About half of the present volume is also devoted to the field of relativistic heavy ion collisions, which is now expanding rapidly. As an illustration, let us recall that the construction of a 30 on 30 GeV per nucleon collider at Brookhaven has been recognized last year as one cf the major priorities by the US Nuclear Science Advisory Committee. We would like to express our gratitude to NATO for its ge nerous financial support which made this institute possible. We also wish to thank the Institut de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules (France), the Commissariat a l'energie atomique (France) and The National Science Foundation (USA) for the attribution of travel grants.

Download or read book Lectures on the Theory and Design of an Alternating gradient Proton Synchrotron written by Cern proton synchrotron group and published by . This book was released on 1953 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Study of Baryon Stopping Pion and Proton Production from 4 9 GeV Al Au Fixed target Collisions at STAR written by Todd Adler Kinghorn and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the goals of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) Beam Energy Scan program is to explore whether signatures of the quark-gluon plasma can be turned off, search for a potential Quantum-Chromodynamic (QCD) critical point, as well as identify the phase transition between hadronic and partonic matter. This program ran from the years 2010 through 2014 and certain observables such as the directed flow of protons and higher moments of net-protons show features that may suggest some sort of transition to hadron-dominated matter below 20 GeV. The Solenoidal Tracker at RHIC (STAR) Fixed-Target program was created to extend center of mass energies below [square root sNN]= 7.7 GeV, down to [square root sNN]= 3.0 GeV, as these energies are not practical to do with colliding beams at RHIC. This will be crucial in the second phase of the Beam Energy Scan program, BES-II, as data from energies within this range may yield information of the phase transition. The capabilities of reconstructing interactions with a fixed-target geometry needed to be demonstrated for the future of the program in BES-II. In 2015, two test runs with a fixed-target geometry were done with the STAR detector; the first was Au + Au at [square root sNN] = 4.5 GeV and the second, a month later, was Al + Au at [square root sNN] = 4.9 GeV center-of-mass energy. This dissertation focuses on the asymmetric Al + Au collisions but will involve mentions of the Au + Au run. In this work, the spectra and rapidity density of [pi]− and p are measured at the top 0-5%, 5-10%, 10-15%, 15-20%, 20-25%, and 25-30% most central collisions. In addition, the "stopping" for protons will be discussed.