Download or read book Layered Semiconductor Neutron Detectors written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Room temperature operating solid state hand held neutron detectors integrate one or more relatively thin layers of a high neutron interaction cross-section element or materials with semiconductor detectors. The high neutron interaction cross-section element (e.g., Gd, B or Li) or materials comprising at least one high neutron interaction cross-section element can be in the form of unstructured layers or micro- or nano-structured arrays. Such architecture provides high efficiency neutron detector devices by capturing substantially more carriers produced from high energy .alpha.-particles or .gamma.-photons generated by neutron interaction.

Download or read book High Energy Neutron Detector written by Clyde Edward Wiegand and published by . This book was released on 1949 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is the purpose of this paper to describe a neutron detector suitable for monitoring a flux of neutrons whose energy is greater than about 50 Mev. Detection of the neutrons is accomplished by their ability to induce fission in heavy elements. Kelly and Wiegand studied the neutron fission of Bi, Pb, Ti, Hg, Au, and Pt at various neutron energies and the presently described counter is an application of this work.

Download or read book Effect of Dead Layer on the Efficiency of Planar Semiconductor Neutron Detectors written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Neutron Detectors Comprising Ultra thin Layers of Boron Powder written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-efficiency neutron detector substrate assemblies comprising a first conductive substrate, wherein a first side of the substrate is in direct contact with a first layer of a powder material having a thickness of from about 50 nm to about 250 nm and comprising .sup. 10boron, .sup. 10boron carbide or combinations thereof, and wherein a conductive material is in proximity to the first layer of powder material; and processes of making said neutron detector substrate assemblies.

Download or read book Neutron Detectors for Scattering Applications written by Yacouba Diawara and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-08-04 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the most common neutron detectors used in neutron scattering facilities and all of those in use at Oak Ridge National Lab. It starts describing the facilities, instruments and the critical detector parameters needed by various instruments. Then the key components of the 3He-based linear position-sensitive detectors as well as on their electronics, which require particular attention to signal processing and noise reduction, are introduced. One chapter is dedicated to the 3He alternatives where scintillators play a critical role. It also covers emerging neutron detection technologies including semiconductors, vacuum-based devices and their associated readouts, which will be required in the future for high rate and high-resolution neutron detectors. The authors explain the logic behind the choice of materials as well as the various constraints that neutron detectors must respect to be useful. Some of these constraints, such as efficiency and gamma-ray sensitivity are common to all neutron counters while others, like timing resolution, dynamic range, and peak counting rate, depend on the applications. The book guides experts, the nuclear science community, and young scholars through the physical processes and the required electronics in a way that is accessible for those not professionally involved in designing detector’s components and electronic circuits.

Download or read book Nuclear Radiation Detectors written by S. S. Kapoor and published by New Age International. This book was released on 1986-04 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Material Evaluation for Large Area Neutron Detectors written by John Winter Murphy and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solid-state thermal neutron detectors are typically composed of two distinct layers: a neutron converting layer and a semiconductor diode. The converting layer absorbs incident neutrons and converts them into one or more charged particles via nuclear reaction. The semiconductor diode absorbs the energy of one or more of the charged particle products and produces an electrical pulse when coupled to a charge sensitive amplifier. In this work the optimal thickness of both the converting layer and the semiconductor diode are evaluated by Monte Carlo simulations for two different converting materials ( 6 LiF and 10 B) and five common semiconductor materials used in radiation detection (Si, diamond, CdTe, GaAs, and ZnO). Diodes fabricated from Si wafers and thin films of both ZnO and CdTe are evaluated experimentally, both in terms of their alpha and neutron response. Thin film CdTe:CdS diodes are reported for the first time to produce a significant and reproducible electrical pulse from the impingement of a single alpha particle, demonstrating this material as a promising candidate for large-area solid-state neutron detectors.

Download or read book Semiconductor Detector Systems written by Helmuth Spieler and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2005-08-25 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semiconductor sensors patterned at the micron scale combined with custom-designed integrated circuits have revolutionized semiconductor radiation detector systems. Designs covering many square meters with millions of signal channels are now commonplace in high-energy physics and the technology is finding its way into many other fields, ranging from astrophysics to experiments at synchrotron light sources and medical imaging. This book is the first to present a comprehensive discussion of the many facets of highly integrated semiconductor detector systems, covering sensors, signal processing, transistors and circuits, low-noise electronics, and radiation effects. The diversity of design approaches is illustrated in a chapter describing systems in high-energy physics, astronomy, and astrophysics. Finally a chapter "Why things don't work" discusses common pitfalls. Profusely illustrated, this book provides a unique reference in a key area of modern science.

Download or read book A Large High efficiency Multi layered Micromegas Thermal Neutron Detector written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Semiconductor Radiation Detectors written by Gerhard Lutz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-11-01 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Starting from basic principles, this book describes the rapidly growing field of modern semiconductor detectors used for energy and position measurement radiation. The author, whose own contributions to these developments have been significant, explains the working principles of semiconductor radiation detectors in an intuitive way. Broad coverage is also given to electronic signal readout and to the subject of radiation damage.

Download or read book Modeling and Simulation of Neutron Detectors for the Transient Reactor Test Facility written by Wenkai Fu and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Transient REActor Test (TREAT) facility was restarted and will be used to test accident-tolerant fuels to improve nuclear reactor safety. In this work, alternative neutron detectors for use in core and with the hodoscope at the TREAT facility were modeled and simulated using different computational tools to understand the underlying physics. The Hornyak button scintillation detector used in the original TREAT hodoscope to detect fast neutrons and its variants were evaluated using Geant4 to simulate the coupled nuclear and optical physics. The Hornyak-button model predicted an intrinsic efficiency of 0.35% for mono-directional fission neutrons and strong gamma-induced Cherenkov noise, which agree relatively well with the reported experimental observations. The proposed variants use silicon photomultipliers to reduce Cherenkov noise and have optimized layered or homogenized scintillation volumes. The layered and homogenized variants with 5-cm length were predicted to achieve neutron-detection efficiencies of 3.3% and 1.3%, respectively, at a signal-to-noise ratio of 100. Another candidate devices for the hodoscope are the actinide and hydrogenous microstructured semiconductor neutron detectors (MSNDs) evaluated using Geant4 and MCNP. With a sufficient rejection of the gamma noises, the U235 -filled and the hydrogenous MSNDs were predicted to yield neutron-detection efficiencies of 1.2% and 2.5%, respectively, at the length of 2 cm. The micro-pocket fission detectors (MPFDs) were developed to detect in-core neutrons, and the electron collection process in such devices was evaluated using Garfield++-based computational routine. The high-performance Garfield++ application was developed using the built-in, optimized element-search techniques and a hydrid MPI and OpenMP parallelization scheme. The preliminary results indicated that the averaged deposited energy per fission fragment was 7.15 MeV, and the induced current occured within 400 ns.

Download or read book Roadmap for High Efficiency Solid State Neutron Detectors written by T. Wang and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solid-state thermal neutron detectors are generally fabricated in a planar configuration by coating a layer of neutron-to-alpha converter material onto a semiconductor. The as-created alpha particles in the material are expected to impinge the semiconductor and create electron-hole pairs which provide the electrical signal. These devices are limited in efficiency to a range near (2-5%)/cm{sup 2} due to the conflicting thickness requirements of the converter layer. In this case, the layer is required to be thick enough to capture the incoming neutron flux while at the same time adequately thin to allow the alpha particles to reach the semiconductor. A three dimensional matrix structure has great potential to satisfy these two requirements in one device. Such structures can be realized by using PIN diode pillar elements to extend in the third dimension with the converter material filling the rest of the matrix. Our strategy to fabricate this structure is based on both ''top-down'' and ''bottom-up'' approaches. The ''top down'' approach employs high-density plasma etching techniques, while the ''bottom up'' approach draws on the growth of nanowires by chemical vapor deposition. From our simulations for structures with pillar diameters from 2 {micro}m down to 100 nm, the detector efficiency is expected to increase with a decrease in pillar size. Moreover, in the optimized configuration, the detector efficiency could be higher than 75%/cm{sup 2}. Finally, the road map for the relationship between detector diameter and efficiency will be outlined.

Download or read book Coated Semiconductor Devices for Neutron Detection written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A device for detecting neutrons includes a semi-insulated bulk semiconductor substrate having opposed polished surfaces. A blocking Schottky contact comprised of a series of metals such as Ti, Pt, Au, Ge, Pd, and Ni is formed on a first polished surface of the semiconductor substrate, while a low resistivity ("ohmic") contact comprised of metals such as Au, Ge, and Ni is formed on a second, opposed polished surface of the substrate. In one embodiment, n-type low resistivity pinout contacts comprised of an Au/Ge based eutectic alloy or multi-layered Pd/Ge/Ti/Au are also formed on the opposed polished surfaces and in contact with the Schottky and ohmic contacts. Disposed on the Schottky contact is a neutron reactive film, or coating, for detecting neutrons. The coating is comprised of a hydrogen rich polymer, such as a polyolefin or paraffin; lithium or lithium fluoride; or a heavy metal fissionable material. By varying the coating thickness and electrical settings, neutrons at specific energies can be detected. The coated neutron detector is capable of performing real-time neutron radiography in high gamma fields, digital fast neutron radiography, fissile material identification, and basic neutron detection particularly in high radiation fields.

Download or read book Particle Physics Reference Library written by Christian W. Fabjan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020 with total page 1083 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second open access volume of the handbook series deals with detectors, large experimental facilities and data handling, both for accelerator and non-accelerator based experiments. It also covers applications in medicine and life sciences. A joint CERN-Springer initiative, the "Particle Physics Reference Library" provides revised and updated contributions based on previously published material in the well-known Landolt-Boernstein series on particle physics, accelerators and detectors (volumes 21A, B1,B2,C), which took stock of the field approximately one decade ago. Central to this new initiative is publication under full open access

Download or read book Neutron Detection and Spectroscopy with Semiconductor Detectors written by M. R. ZATZICK and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Results are presented of a study of methods for utilizing diffused junction, semiconductor detectors in neutron detection and spectroscopy. The study resulted in the development of various neutron-sensitive coated detectors and the Li6 epithermal neutron spectrometer system, which consists of a Li6-sandwich detector and a complete, integrated electronic system. The techniques investigated for applying neutron-sensitive materials to detector surfaces included solution evaporation, vacuum evaporation, and electrodeposition. Solution evaporation is preferable when a thick coating of B10 or U235 is desired for maximum sensitivity. Vacuum evaporation is preferable when very thin uniform films of Li6 and Li6F are required on the detector surface. A thermal neutron source was used to observe the response of each coating material deposited on the detectors as a function of dead layer and radiator thickness. Theoretical relationships depending on range-energy relationships adequately predict the response of coated detectors as a function of converter material thickness, detector dead layer, and discriminator settings. The detector developed for the epithermal neutron spectrometer system consists of a layer of Li6F sandwiched between two silicon detectors in a hermetically sealed package. (Author).

Download or read book Semiconductor Nuclear Particle Detectors written by J. W. T. Dabbs and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook of Particle Detection and Imaging written by Claus Grupen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-08 with total page 1251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The handbook centers on detection techniques in the field of particle physics, medical imaging and related subjects. It is structured into three parts. The first one is dealing with basic ideas of particle detectors, followed by applications of these devices in high energy physics and other fields. In the last part the large field of medical imaging using similar detection techniques is described. The different chapters of the book are written by world experts in their field. Clear instructions on the detection techniques and principles in terms of relevant operation parameters for scientists and graduate students are given.Detailed tables and diagrams will make this a very useful handbook for the application of these techniques in many different fields like physics, medicine, biology and other areas of natural science.