Download or read book Layer by Layer Nano particle Only Surface Modification of Filtration Membranes written by Luis Escobar-Ferrand and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Layer by Layer (LbL) deposition using primarily inorganic silica nanoparticles is employed for the modification of polymeric micro and ultrafiltration (MF/UF) membranes to produce thin film composites (TFC) with potential nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) capabilities.. A variety of porous substrate membranes with different membrane surface characteristics are employed, but exhibiting in common that wicking of water does not readily occur into the pore structure, including polycarbonate track etched (PCTE), polyethersulfone (PES) and sulfonated PES (SPEES) MF/UF membranes. Both spherical (cationic/anionic) and eccentric elongated (anionic) silica nanoparticles are deposited using conditions similar to those reported by Lee et al.1 Appropriate selection of the pH's for anionic and cationic particle deposition enables the construction of nanoparticle only layers 100 -1200 nm in thickness atop the original membrane substrates. The surface layer thickness varies monotonically with the number of bilayers (anionic/cationic deposition cycles) as expected.
Download or read book Membrane Modification written by Nidal Hilal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-06-19 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Membrane Modification: Technology and Applications is written for engineers, scientists, graduate students, and researchers in the field of membrane science and technology, materials science, applied physics, chemistry, and environmental science. The book presents the complete range of membrane modification techniques used to increase efficiency of membrane processes. The book starts with an examination of the use of membrane modification to optimize the performance of membranes used in industry. It concludes by demonstrating how membrane modification can improve separation processes in industrial sectors that are recognized as global polluters of water sources. Features Illustrates the use of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) in the characterization of commercial and novel membranes Overviews various surface modification techniques applied to enhance the bulk and surface properties of nanofiber membranes Covers the factors affecting membrane fouling and the use of nanoparticles in membrane modification processes Explores the use of plasma treatment for the modification of polymeric membranes Written by professors, engineers, and researchers in the field, the book covers recent advances and comprehensively describes novel and most-used membrane characterization techniques. Modification of different materials and geometrics include flat-sheet, hollow-fiber, and nano-fiber membranes as well as different membrane processes such as reverse osmosis, membrane distillation, gas separation, pervaporation, and membrane fuel cells. Chapters contain tables, figures, photographs, and theoretical equations to aid with reader comprehension.
Download or read book Application of Nanotechnology in Membranes for Water Treatment written by Alberto Figoli and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-07-14 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book focuses on Application of Nanotechnology in Membranes for Water Treatment but not only provides a series of innovative solutions for water reclamation through advanced membrane technology but also serves as a medium to promote international cooperation and networking for the development of advanced membrane technology for Universal well-being and to achieve the common goal of supplying economically, environmentally and societally sustainable freshwater and better sanitation systems. This book is unique because the chapters were authored by established researchers all around the globe based on their recent research findings. In addition, this book provides a holistic coverage of membrane development for water treatment, from the membrane preparation and characterizations to the performance for specific processes and applications. Since that water scarcity has become a global risk and one of the most serious challenges for the scientific community in this century, the publication of this book is therefore significant as it will serve as a medium for a good reference of an alternative solution in water reclamation. This book will provide the readers with a thorough understanding of the different available approaches for manufacturing membranes both with innovative polymeric systems and inorganic nano-materials which could give enhanced functionalities, catalytic and antimicrobial activities to improve the performance of the existing membranes. It will be useful for leading decision and policy makers, water sector representatives and administrators, policy makers from the governments, business leaders, business houses in water treatment, and engineers/ scientists from both industrialized and developing countries as well.
Download or read book Functional Nanostructured Materials and Membranes for Water Treatment written by Mikel Duke and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Membranes have emerged over the last 30 years as a viable water treatment technology. Earth's population is growing and the need for alternative ways to generate potable water is rising. The recent advent of nanotechnology opens the door to improving processes in membrane technology, which is a promising step on the way to solving the earth's potable water problem. Current performance is enhanced and new concepts are possible by engineering on the nanoscale. This book presents key areas of nanotechnology such as fouling tolerant and robust membranes, enhanced destruction of pollutants and faster monitoring of water quality. 'Functional Nanostructured Materials and Membranes for Water Treatment' is part of the series on Materials for Sustainable Energy and Development edited by Prof. G.Q. Max Lu. The series covers advances in materials science and innovation for renewable energy, clean use of fossil energy, and greenhouse gas mitigation and associated environmental technologies.
Download or read book Nanofiltration Membranes written by Lau Woei Jye and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-12-19 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering fabrication, characterization, and applications nanofiltration (NF) membranes, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the development of NF membrane technology over the past decade. It uniquely covers a variety of fabrication techniques, comparing the procedures of each technique to produce polymeric membranes of different morphologies. The book also discusses advances in the materials used in thin film composite (TFC) polyamide membrane fabrication and their influences on properties with respect to structural and separation characteristics. A comprehensive review on NF characterization methods and techniques is provided, assessing physical and chemical properties and separation characteristics and stability. Technical challenges in fabricating a new generation of NF membranes are also reviewed and the possible approaches to overcome the challenges are provided. The book concludes with relevant case studies on the use of NF membranes in industrial implementation of both aqueous and nonaqueous media. Details the latest progress on the fabrication techniques of asymmetric and composite NF membranes. Discusses characterization methods used in assessing membrane physical/chemical properties, separation characteristics, and performance stability. Describes the potential of advanced materials in improving properties of polyamide selective layer as well as microporous substrate. Reviews the technical challenges in fabricating a new generation of composite membrane—thin film nanocomposite (TFN) membrane—possible approaches to overcome challenges. Offers case studies on the applications of NF membranes for both aqueous and nonaqueous media.
Download or read book Principles of Membrane Surface Modification for Water Applications written by Yilmaz Yurekli and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Membrane technologies offer efficient and reliable solutions to separate components from aqueous media. Among them, pressure driven membrane separation processes namely microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) have been preferred in many industrial operations (food, pharmaceutical, chemical, drinking water, wastewater) due to the intrinsic advantages such as high selectivity, stability, ecocompatibility, scalability, flexibility, small footprint and low operational cost. This chapter will focus on the latest developments of surface modified polymeric membranes via the Layer-by-layer self-assembly approach and incorporation/decoration of nanomaterials. Variable parameters including size and charge of polyelectrolyte, ionic strength of the media, number of bilayers, and different types of nanomaterials on the bulk and surface property, water permeability, selectivity, antifouling, antibacterial, and adsorptive properties of the resultant composite membranes will be reviewed by comparison with the neat membranes. Membrane stability in terms of throughput and rejection characteristics during long-term filtrations will be addressed in this chapter.
Download or read book Membranes for Water Treatment written by Klaus-Viktor Peinemann and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-11-29 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This ready reference on Membrane Technologies for Water Treatment, is an invaluable source detailing sustainable, emerging processes, to provide clean, energy saving and cost effective alternatives to conventional processes. The editors are internationally renowned leaders in the field, who have put together a first-class team of authors from academia and industry to present a highly approach to the subject. The book is an instrumental tool for Process Engineers, Chemical Engineers, Process Control Technicians, Water Chemists, Environmental Chemists, Materials Scientists and Patent Lawyers.
Download or read book Investigating Surface Modification and Incorporation of Inorganic Nanowires and Particles for Enhanced Performance of Water filtration Polymer Membranes written by Yi Feng and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water treatment is, collectively, the industrial-scale processes that make water more acceptable for an end-use, which may be drinking, industry, or medicine. Due to the increasingly severe water shortage problem and growing concerns on the water quality, water treatment, which is closely relative to daily life, has always been placed under the spotlight of scientific research so far. Conventionally, water has been treated primarily using physical-chemical treatment such as sand filtration and disinfection. Not only these conventional methods required large area of operations that would require high operational cost, but may also be incapable to treat several persistence pollutants.Membrane separation is a technology which selectively separates (fractionates) materials via pores and/or minute gaps in the molecular arrangement of a continuous structure. Membrane separation has many advantages such as no chemical addition, small operation area, relatively high filtration efficiency, low cost and et al. Not only that, the stringent standard required for water supply and effluent discharge also promotes the innovative development of separation membranes and membrane separation process. Based on the type of material, membranes can be classified into polymeric membranes and inorganic membranes. Despite the fact that some polymeric membranes have already been commercialized and emerged as a favourable filter media for water treatment, there are still several limitations such as relatively low flowrate, low antifouling property and low mechanical properties. Therefore, many additives have been added into polymeric membranes to synthesize polymer-based composite membranes to tackle these problems and to further enhance the efficiency of water treatment. In this thesis, three different types of materials have been chosen as additives to incorporate into microfiltration or ultrafiltration polymeric membranes, aiming to enhance the water treatment performance. The first type of materials is germanate nanowires with different lengths. We for the first time found that the lengths of nanowires play a key role in determining the morphology change and subsequent water treatment performance; thus by controlling the length, we successfully obtains nanowire-enhanced polymeric membranes with fast permeation at the maintenance of rejection. In the second part, we developed a simple, economic and practical method to coat cheap chitosan onto the top of polymeric membranes. Though such membranes show a slight decrease of flux, the rejection, antifouling property and antibacterial property were greatly improved. Theoretical calculation shows that the weakened bonding between foulant and membrane surface resulting from chitosan-grafting is responsible for the improved antifouling property. The third type of material is alumina particles. The main purpose of this part is to study how inorganic particle size and loading affect the morphology change, performance and mechanical property of polymeric membranes with hollow shape. Results show that such inorganic particle/polymeric membranes have higher tensile and compressive properties compared to the pristine polymeric membranes and both particle size and particle loading matters in determining the improvement of mechanical properties. Despite the improvement in mechanical properties, the rejection of such membranes was greatly sacrificed due to the detachment of particles from polymer during the formation of membranes, especially when high-loading micron-sized alumina was used. Therefore, CNTs were further added into high loading micron-sized alumina/polymeric membranes to hinder such detaching effect. Results show that the incorporation of CNTs not only further enhance the permeation and mechanical properties but also the rejection and antifouling property. All in all, in this thesis, we choose three different types of materials and incorporate them into polymeric membranes to enhance the water treatment performance (flux, rejection, antifouling and mechanical properties), offering some useful and practical designing knowledge or methods to the synthesis of high-performance polymer-based membranes for water treatment processes.
Download or read book Nanofiltration Membrane for Water Purification written by Akil Ahmad and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-02-04 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the basic and sustainable approach of nanofiltration membrane techniques along with their fabrication, characterization, separation mechanisms, and broad applications in the field of wastewater treatment. It provides a wide knowledge of nanofiltration technique to water purification audience concerning the recent development with various illustrations, methods and results for graduate students, scientists, academicians, researchers, and industrialists. Readers from wastewater and water purification will have a quick reference by exploring the research literature on the subject field with commercial value-added research applications of nanofiltration membrane.
Download or read book Nanofiltration written by Muhammad Akhyar Farrukh and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-07-11 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nanofiltration technique lies between ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis techniques, and it is considered a low-cost process and is capable of removing pesticides, organic matter, desalination of sea water, oil process and pollutants from industrial wastewater. However, the main challenge in implementation of nanofiltration membrane is its ability towards fouling and low performance at high temperature. The use of nanoparticles in the manufacturing of membranes allows for a high degree of control over membrane fouling. Nanoparticle-based membranes can be developed by assembling engineered nanoparticles into porous membranes or blending them with polymeric or inorganic membranes. This book covers topics from multiple ranges from manufacturing of nanofiltration membranes and their applications in wastewater treatment, drinking water treatment, and removal of pollutants, to addressing the fouling issues.
Download or read book Nano Surface Chemistry written by Morton Rosoff and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-09-27 with total page 706 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Containing more than 2600 references and over 550 equations, drawings, tables, photographs, and micrographs, This book describes hierarchical assemblies in biology and biological processes that occur at the nanoscale across membranes and at interfaces. It covers recurrent themes in nanocolloid science, including self-assembly, construction of supramolecular architecture, nanoconfinement and compartmentalization, measurement and control of interfacial forces, novel synthetic materials, and computer simulation. The authors reviews surface forces apparatus measurements of two-dimensional organized ensembles at solid-liquid interfaces.
Download or read book Nanotechnology in Membrane Processes written by Kailash Chandra Khulbe and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-01-09 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanotechnology has been established in membrane technology for decades. In this book, comprehensive coverage is given to nanotechnology applications in synthetic membrane processes, which are used in different fields such as water treatment, separation of gases, the food industry, military use, drug delivery, air filtration, and green chemistry. Nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, nanoparticles, and dendrimers are contributing to the development of more efficient and cost-effective water filtration processes. Gas separation and carbon capture can be significantly improved in flue gas applications. Nanoporous membrane systems engineered to mimic natural filtration systems are being actively developed for use in smart implantable drug delivery systems, bio artificial organs, and other novel nano-enabled medical devices. The microscopic structure of nanoporous ceramic membranes, mainly focusing on zeolite materials, as well as the energy-saving effect of membrane separation, contribute to various chemical synthesis processes. In the food industry, nanotechnology has the potential to create new tools for pathogen detection and packaging. For each application, nanotechnology is mostly used to make composite membranes, and the book provides a detailed look at the mechanisms by which the composite membrane works in each application area.
Download or read book Nano and Micro Engineered Membrane Technology written by CJM van Rijn and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-02-05 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nano and Micro Engineered Membrane Technology is about Nano and micro engineered membrane technology, an emerging new technological area in membrane technology. Potential applications cover a broad spectrum of science, such as micro and nano filtration, gas separation, optics and nanophotonics, catalysis, microbiology, controlled drug delivery, nanopatterning, micro contact printing, atomisation, cross flow emulsification, etc. A brief overview of filtration membranes and pore structures is presented in chapter 1 and in the subsequent chapter 2 an overview is presented of conventional micro perforation methods, like laser drilling, electroforming, precision etching etc. With micro engineering techniques (chapter 3), originating from the semiconductor industry, it is relatively easy to downscale and form submicron pores (down to 100 nm) using photolithographic methods, with e.g. contact masks and wafer steppers. In chapter 4 some elementary fluid mechanics related to fluid flow in conducts and single and multiple orifices is presented covering analytical methods as well as computational fluid dynamics. Much effort has been put in strength and maximum pressure load analysis (chapter 5) of perforated and unperforated membranes. New analytical expressions were obtained that were verified by a number of computer simulations and many experiments. A separate chapter (chapter 6) has been devoted to the pioneering work of manufacturing polymeric perforated membranes because of its potential future economical impact. Large scale microfiltration applications on e.g. skim milk and lager beer are presented in chapter 7, whereas in chapter 8 a micro scale Lab-on-a-Chip microfiltration/fractionation demonstrator is discussed. Nanotechnology and nano engineered membranes is the fascinating topic of chapter 9, with typical examples as nanopatterning, nanophotonics and nanomembrane technology. This book closes with novel pioneering applications on atomization (chapter 10) for deep pulmonary inhale and cross flow emulsification (chapter 11) for the manufacturing of e.g. functional foods and nano/micro emulsions. - Overview on the implementation of nano and micro engineering techniques in membrane science; which is an upcoming new cross-road technology - Demonstration of feasibility with respect to micro and nano filtration, gas separation, photonic structures, catalysis, microbiology, controlled drug delivery, nanopatterning, micro contact printing, atomisation and emulsification techniques - Informative introductions with rules of thumb for fluid flow in micro channels, pressure strength of thin supported perforated and unperforated membranes, silicon micro machining techniques, membrane filtration technology, Rayleigh breakup and cross-flow emulsification
Download or read book Surface Modification of Polymeric Membranes and Silicon Filters written by Yuchun Wang and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Environmental Applications and Implications of Nanotechnology in Membrane based Separations for Water Treatment written by Wenqian Shan and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Surface Modification of Polymers written by Jean Pinson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-02-18 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A guide to modifying and functionalizing the surfaces of polymers Surface Modification of Polymers is an essential guide to the myriad methods that can be employed to modify and functionalize the surfaces of polymers. The functionalization of polymer surfaces is often required for applications in sensors, membranes, medicinal devices, and others. The contributors?noted experts on the topic?describe the polymer surface in detail and discuss the internal and external factors that influence surface properties. This comprehensive guide to the most important methods for the introduction of new functionalities is an authoritative resource for everyone working in the field. This book explores many applications, including the plasma polymerization technique, organic surface functionalization by initiated chemical vapor deposition, photoinduced functionalization on polymer surfaces, functionalization of polymers by hydrolysis, aminolysis, reduction, oxidation, surface modification of nanoparticles, and many more. Inside, readers will find information on various applications in the biomedical field, food science, and membrane science. This important book: -Offers a range of polymer functionalization methods for biomedical applications, water filtration membranes, and food science -Contains discussions of the key surface modification methods, including plasma and chemical techniques, as well as applications for nanotechnology, environmental filtration, food science, and biomedicine -Includes contributions from a team of international renowned experts Written for polymer chemists, materials scientists, plasma physicists, analytical chemists, surface physicists, and surface chemists, Surface Modification of Polymers offers a comprehensive and application-oriented review of the important functionalization methods with a special focus on biomedical applications, membrane science, and food science.
Download or read book Surface Modification on Nanofiltration Membranes with Alkoxysilanes for Heavy Metal Ion Removal written by Maja Bauman and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heavy metal ions, such as Zn2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Hg2+, Co2+, Al3+, Fe3+, Cr6+,. are mainly discharged into the environment as industrial wastewaters, causing serious soil and water pollution and consequently effect the health of living organisms due to ecotoxical properties. Their removal is achievable with membrane technologies, by using appropriate nanofiltration membrane. Since NF membranećs efficiency varies regarding the material used and preparation process of the manufacturer, surface modification with alkoxysilanes via sol-gel process seems promising for a more successful selective removal of heavy metal ions. Surface modification of membranes by alkoxysilane precursors via sol-gel process in terms of additional surface coating can further stabilize the membrane, and particularly improve the selective removal of specific heavy metals due to steric effects, electrosteric properties and functional groups with a tendency to heavy metal ions on the surface membrane. The research was focused on the basic characterization of the selected thin-film composite NF membrane (NF2, Inc. Sepro.). Sols were prepared in accordance with the sol-gel process pure and combined components of alkoxysilane precursors, i.e. tetraethoxysilane (TEOS),3-(trimethoxysilylpropyl)diethylenetriamine (DETA), 3-(mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane (MPTMS) for particle. Sol formation was based on water-to-precursor ratio: (r525, r264 and r175) and combinations of precursors in the proportions 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 2:1 and 4:1, in alkaline and acidic pH medium (~4.5 and ~10), from 1 to 14 hours aging time and temperatures from 25 °C to 50 °C. Prepared sols and modified membranes were characterized via several different characterization techniques. The purpose of basic research was to examine the parameters effect of preparation and sol-gel coating (type and concentration of sol-gel precursor, catalyst, molar ratio water to precursor, sol aging, and preparation time of sol) on the finalmicrostructure of membrane surface modification. Based on the analyzed properties of sol-gel alkoxide materials and surface layer of the modified membranes, information of the basic parameters that influence the effect of retention of heavy metals ions (Zn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, Pb2+) from wastewater was obtained. Surface-modified membranes with the best sol-gel coatings were tested for efficiency of heavy metal ions removal using model water at variousfiltration conditions. The characterization results of non-modified, commercially available thin-film composite nanofiltration membrane showed an unstable structure and varying retention rates of ions and molecules of different sizes and weights as its drawback. Selected alkoxysilane precursors (TEOS, DETA and MPTMS) forming coatings in sol-gel process with optimized sol composition under optimized sol-gel procedure enable to form the functional particles with affinity to membranes and to heavy metal ions and to apply themas a functional and stable monolayer onto the selected membrane. The results of the filtration show that the surface modification of NF membranes can be effective in terms of selective retention of heavy metal ions. Particularly the selective retention of Hg2+ and Pb2+ ions is improved by using a combination of precursor TEOS:MPTMS and TEOS:DETA 1:1 ratio, at temperature 50 °C, and TEOS with a r525 at room temperature.
