Download or read book Latvia as an Independent State written by Alfreds Bilmanis and published by Washington, Latvian Legation. This book was released on 1947 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Latvia as an Independent State written by Alfreds Bilmanis and published by . This book was released on 1944 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Latvia in Transition written by Juris Dreifelds and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1996-02-23 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During its post-Soviet reconstruction Latvia has become a role model in macroeconomic stabilization and democratization. Latvia in Transition provides the material necessary to understand present-day Latvia. The author examines the main events, processes and problems of this country during the period of transition from a dependent and Moscow-dominated Soviet Republic to an independent and also interdependent state. The book presents the most relevant and essential aspects of Latvia's history, politics, economics and society.
Download or read book The Latvians written by Andrejs Plakans and published by Hoover Press. This book was released on 1995 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This postperestroika historical narrative should contribute significantly to assessing the likelihood of Latvia's survival as an independent republic."--BOOK JACKET.
Download or read book Latvia as an Independent State written by and published by . This book was released on 1947 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Latvia written by Mara Kalnins and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015-01-04 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The history of the Latvian people begins some four and a half millennia ago with the arrival of the proto-Baltic Indo-Europeans to northern Europe. One branch of these migrants coalesced into a community which evolved a distinctive and remarkably robust culture and language, and which eventually developed into a loose federation of tribal kingdoms that stretched from the shores of the Baltic sea to the upper Dniepr river. But these small independent kingdoms were unable to resist the later invasion of the Teutonic Knights in 1201, an invasion that initiated nearly eight hundred years of helotry for the Latvians in their own domains. In the centuries of domination by successive European powers that followed, the inhabitants nonetheless preserved a powerful sense of identity, fostered by their ancient language, oral literature, songs and customs. These in turn informed and gave impetus to the rise of national consciousness in the nineteenth century and the political activities of the twentieth which brought the modern nation-state of Latvia into being. This book traces the genesis and growth of that nation, its endurance over centuries of conquest and oppression, the process by which it achieved its independence, and its status as a member of the European community in the twenty-first century.
Download or read book Origin and Formation of Latvia s Political Parties The Period of Transition and the Beginning of Consolidation in Latvia s Political Landscape written by Alexander Pilic and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2007-09 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2000 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Region: Eastern Europe, grade: 1,5 (A), Free University of Berlin (Otto Suhr Institute), 13 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: After a short period of being a liberal democracy in the 1920 ́s, Latvia was ruled by totalitarian regimes, beginning with the dictatorship of Ulmanis and the following German occupation of the country to almost fifty years of Soviet rule which ended officially on September 6th, 1991 when the Soviet Union recognized all three Baltic states as independent. In the aftermath, Latvia found itself in a process of transition which lasts for one decade now.When the people of Latvia were able to participate in the first partly free elections in 1989 they chose almost exclusively candidates of their main opposition movement Popular Front (LTF) to represent Latvia ́s interests within Moscow ́s Congress of the People ́s Deputies. Just one year later, the last elections under Soviet rule took place on the national level in Latvia. The Popular Front finished first and governed Latvia on it ́s way towards independence. As soon as the LTF was freed from the big pressure under which it had fought for democracy against the powerful Kremlin it became obvious that the Popular Front consisted of very different political groups ranging from former communist party members to Latvian nationalists. Some parties were very popular during one election, but in the next one they could not collect enough votes to get into parliament. Some parties collapsed after a short period of time, others split into new movements or merged with other parties. No coalition-government lasted for the whole parliamentary term and in each of the three elections during the nineties more than one half of the participating parties took part for the first time. On the other hand, especially during the last two years some small parties merged into larger ones or at least formed joined factions
Download or read book Latvia written by Vilis Inde and published by . This book was released on 2021-01-18 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first stop in learning about Latvian people and their culture and history. The Latvian people survived centuries of oppression under foreign rule, yet gained independence in 1918 and again in 1990. This history focuses on factors that played a role in maintaining the language and culture through difficult circumstances. The book also includes a brief section of one of Latvia's spiritual and political leaders of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Rainis. He inspired people to act in the quest for freedom and independence.
Download or read book Latvia written by Artis Pabriks and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-03-07 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past one hundred years have been a very trying time for Latvia, complete with success, tragedy, and still unrealized promise. Within the course of a generation, the country experienced revolutions, wars and independent statehood, and then the slide into authoritarianism. World War II brought new occupations. The tragedies were staggering: holocaust, executions, and an exodus of refugees. Soviet consolidation bred deportations, forced collectivization and partisan warfare. Almost fifty years later, Latvia regained its independence and emerged from decades of disastrous Soviet rule. This book comprehensively surveys Latvia's recent past and prospects for the new millennium, placing contemporary events in historical perspective. The authors address the evolution of the country from the movement against Soviet rule to the dilemmas of contemporary politics: party formation, the problem of corruption, the quest for the future and a regional and international role, the struggle to develop a civil society, the issue of ethnic relations and the recurring tendency towards statist solutions. Proper attention is also given to economic developments.
Download or read book The Baltic States written by Thomas Lane and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-11-05 with total page 708 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the end of the Cold War there has been an increased interest in the Baltics. The Baltic States brings together three titles, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, to provide a comprehensive and analytical guide integrating history, political science, economic development and contemporary events into one account. Since gaining their independence, each country has developed at its own pace with its own agenda and facing its own obstacles. The authors examine the tensions accompanying a post-communist return to Europe after the long years of separation and how each country has responded to the demands of becoming a modern European state. Estonia was the first of the former Soviet republics to enter membership negotiations with the European Union in 1988 and is a potential candidate for the next round of EU expansion in 2004. Lithuania and Latvia have also expressed their desire for future membership of NATO and the EU.
Download or read book Latvia in World War II written by Valdis O. Lumans and published by Fordham Univ Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Valdis Lumans provides an authoritative, balanced, and comprehensive account of one of the most complex, and conflicted, arenas of the Second World War. Struggling against both Germany and the Soviet Union, Latvia emerged as an independent nation state after the First World War. In 1940, the Soviets occupied neutral Latvia, deporting or executing more than 30,000 Latvians before the Nazis invaded in 1941 and installed a puppet regime. The Red Army expelled the Germans in 1944 and reincorporated Latvia as a Soviet Republic. By the end of the war, an estimated 180,000 Latvians fled to the West. The Soviets would deport at least another 100,000. Drawing on a wide range of sources--many brought together here for the first time--Lumans synthesizes political, military, social, economic, diplomatic, and cultural history. He moves carefully through traditional sources, many of them partisan, to scholarship emerging since the end of the Cold War, to confront such issues as political loyalties, military collaboration, resistance, capitulation, the Soviet occupation, anti-Semitism, and the Latvian role in the Holocaust.
Download or read book Estonia Latvia and Lithuania Country Studies written by Walter Iwaskiw and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2013-06-13 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is one in a continuing series of books prepared by the Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress. This volume is about Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.
Download or read book Latvia A Work in Progress written by Matthew Kott and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2016-03-22 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A quarter century after the formation of the Popular Front and a decade since joining the EU, processes of state- and nation-building in Latvia are still on-going. Issues such as citizenship, language policy, minority rights, democratic legitimacy, economic stability, and security all remain objects of vigorous public discussion. The current situation also reflects longer-standing debates on the relationship between state, nation, and sovereignty in Latvian society and polity. By examining different aspects of these relationships, this volume aims to reveal both key turning points and continuities in Latvia's development, thereby helping to inform current debates.
Download or read book The Baltic States written by Graham Smith and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-27 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Baltic States examines the struggles of the Baltic peoples for national self-determination. It is divided into two parts. Part one explores their nationalist awakening, how the realization of national self-determination during the inter-war years of independent statehood manifested itself, and the impact that fifty years of subsequent incorporation into the Soviet Union has had on Baltic politics and national cultures. Part two examines the nationalist reawakening in the late 1980s, the re-establishment of Baltic national self-governance in 1990-91 and the problems that these countries now face as sovereign entities.
Download or read book The Baltic States written by Thomas Lane and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-11-05 with total page 705 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the end of the Cold War there has been an increased interest in the Baltics. The Baltic States brings together three titles, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, to provide a comprehensive and analytical guide integrating history, political science, economic development and contemporary events into one account. Since gaining their independence, each country has developed at its own pace with its own agenda and facing its own obstacles. The authors examine the tensions accompanying a post-communist return to Europe after the long years of separation and how each country has responded to the demands of becoming a modern European state. Estonia was the first of the former Soviet republics to enter membership negotiations with the European Union in 1988 and is a potential candidate for the next round of EU expansion in 2004. Lithuania and Latvia have also expressed their desire for future membership of NATO and the EU.
Download or read book Latvia written by Mara Kalnins and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015-01-04 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The history of the Latvian people begins some four and a half millennia ago with the arrival of the proto-Baltic Indo-Europeans to northern Europe. One branch of these migrants coalesced into a community which evolved a distinctive and remarkably robust culture and language, and which eventually developed into a loose federation of tribal kingdoms that stretched from the shores of the Baltic sea to the upper Dniepr river. But these small independent kingdoms were unable to resist the later invasion of the Teutonic Knights in 1201, an invasion that initiated nearly eight hundred years of helotry for the Latvians in their own domains. In the centuries of domination by successive European powers that followed, the inhabitants nonetheless preserved a powerful sense of identity, fostered by their ancient language, oral literature, songs and customs. These in turn informed and gave impetus to the rise of national consciousness in the nineteenth century and the political activities of the twentieth which brought the modern nation-state of Latvia into being. This book traces the genesis and growth of that nation, its endurance over centuries of conquest and oppression, the process by which it achieved its independence, and its status as a member of the European community in the twenty-first century.
