Download or read book Late Quaternary Seismicity and Climate in the Western Nepal written by Zakaria Ghazoui and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Himalayan collision, in which India underthrusts below Tibet, regularly produces major destructive earthquakes in Nepal and its neighboring countries, most of which are fatal to nearby communities. As a wall dividing the Indian plains and the Tibetan plateau, the Himalaya also significantly modifies the atmospheric circulation, affecting both the local and global climate. This thesis explores the poorly known Quaternary history and evolution of Himalayan climate and seismicity, more particularly in the least populated and most remote region of Western Nepal. In terms of climate and environmental change, one of the least understood aspects of Himalayan history during the late Quaternary is the extension of glaciers and their impacts on landscape evolution. Based on field observations, cosmogenic nuclide dating (10Be) and satellite observations, we estimated the maximum extent of glaciers during the Last Glacial Maximum, which supports the hypothesis of a relatively large glacier cover, but not of an extended ice cap, at the scale of Western Nepal. In terms of seismology, the social, economic and political implications of the occurrence of an earthquake of higher magnitude than the recent earthquake of 2015, whose epicenter is located near the city of Gorkha, is a major concern and largely motivates this thesis. The last major earthquake of magnitude greater than 8 (Mb) took place on 6 June 1505 and had a profound impact on the Nepalese population and the surrounding area. In Western Nepal the 1505 event was the last earthquake that ruptured the Main Frontal Thrust according to historical archives and paleoseismological studies, which gave rise to the concept of a seismic gap in western Nepal and adjacent areas in northern India. With this in mind, this thesis addresses two major issues on the Himalayan seismic behavior: on the first hand is the hypothesis of a seismic gap in the central Himalaya and on the second the temporal distribution of earthquakes during the late Quaternary. For this purpose, a new research approach independent of paleoseismic trenches was applied in the Himalaya. By using lakes as paleoseismometers, we were able to refine the temporal resolution and identify earthquakes that had not yet been documented in the accessible databases on a 700-year scale. Our results from Lake Rara highlight significant previously-unknown earthquakes (Mw>6.5) and they reveal that Western Nepal is seismically as active as central Nepal. Furthermore, they call into question the hypothesis of a seismic gap in the central Himalaya. Based on a longer sediment core from the same lake, we studied the temporal distribution of earthquakes over a period of 6000 years, which has highlighted the random nature of the occurrence of earthquakes, constituting a paradigm shift where the notion of seismic cycle is still prevalent. The random nature of the occurrence of earthquakes both on short (instrumental) and Quaternary time scales disproves the hypothesis of the seismic gap in the central Himalaya and underlines the permanent risk for the million people of concern. The final part of this thesis addresses the possible global relationship between seismic rate fluctuations and climate change during the Holocene. Our results show that the global seismicity clustered over 7000 years and appears to be synchronous with the sum of glacial advances through the Mid and Late Holocene.
Download or read book Environmental change driven by climatic change tectonism and landslide written by Hanchao Jiang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-02-27 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Himalayan Cryosphere written by N.C. Pant and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2018-08-31 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Himalaya mountains contain not only one of the largest concentrations of ice outside the polar regions, but contribute to the hydrological requirements of large populations spread over seven nations. The exceptionally high elevations of this low-latitude cryosphere presents a natural laboratory and archives to study climate–tectonics interactions as well as regional v. global climate influences. The existing base-level data on the Himalayan cryosphere are highly variable. Several climate fluctuations occurred during the late Quaternary (MIS1–MIS5, especially the last c. 100 ka), which led to the evolution of the Himalayan landscape. Detailed studies of these archives, along with those of the present cryosphere and related hydrosphere, are essential for understanding the controls on present and future hydrology of the glacial-fed mountain rivers. This volume, a follow-up of the XII International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Science, Goa (A SCAR symposium), provides new data from locales spread over the entire Himalaya region and from Tibet. It provides a glimpse of the late Quaternary cryosphere, as well as a discussion in the last section on sustainability in the context of geohazard mitigations as well as the hydrological budget.
Download or read book Impact of Climate Change Land Use and Land Cover and Socio economic Dynamics on Landslides written by Raju Sarkar and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-03 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the impact of climate change, land use and land cover, and socio-economic dynamics on landslides in Asian countries. Scholars recently have brought about a shift in their focus regarding triggering factors for landslides, from rainfall or earthquake to claiming rapid urbanization, extreme population pressure, improper land use planning, illegal hill cutting for settlements and indiscriminate deforestation. This suggests that the occurrence or probabilities of landslides are shaped by both climate-related and non-climate-related anthropogenic factors. Among these issues, land use and land cover change or improper land use planning is one of the key factors. Further climate change shapes the rainfall pattern and intensity in different parts of the world, and consequently rainfall-triggered landslides have increased. These changes cause socio-economic changes. Conversely, socio-economic and lifestyle changes enhance inappropriate land use and climate change. All these changes in land use, climate and socio-economic aspects are dynamics in nature and shape landslide risks in Asian countries, where they are given serious attention by governments, disaster management professionals, researchers and academicians. This book comprises 21 chapters divided into three major sections highlighting the effect of climate change on landslide incidence with the influence on vegetation and socio-economic aspects. The sections address how climate change and extreme events have triggered landslides. The advances in geospatial techniques with the focus on land use and land cover change along with the effect on socio-economic aspects are also explored.
Download or read book Active faults and earthquake due to continental deformation written by Chuanyou Li and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-02-09 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Crustal Architecture and Evolution of the Himalaya Karakoram Tibet Orogen written by R. Sharma and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2019-09-27 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume comprises 17 contributions that address the architecture and geodynamic evolution of the Himalaya–Karakoram–Tibet (HKT) system, covering wide aspects, from the active seismicity of the present day to the remnants of the Proterozoic orogen. The articles investigate the HKT system at different scales, blending field research with laboratory studies. The role of various lithospheric components and their inheritance in the geodynamic and magmatic evolution of the HKT system through time, and their links to global geological events, are studied in the field. The laboratory research focuses on the (sub-)micrometre scale, detailing micro-structural geology, crystal chemistry, geochronology, and the study of circulating fluids, their preservation (trapped in fluid inclusions) and their evolution, distribution, migration and interaction with the solid host. An orogen over 2000 km long can be understood only if the processes at the nanometre and micrometre scales are taken into account. The contributions in this volume successfully combine these scales to enhance our understanding of the HKT system.
Download or read book Tectonics of the Himalaya written by S. Mukherjee and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2015-09-28 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Himalayan mountain belt, which developed during the India–Asia collision starting about 55 Ma ago, is a dramatically active orogen and it is regarded as the classic collisional orogen. It is characterized by an impressively continuous 2500 km of tectonic units, thrusts and normal faults, as well as large volumes of high-grade metamorphic rocks and granites exposed at the surface. This constitutes an invaluable field laboratory, where amazing crustal sections can be observed directly in very deep gorges. It is possible to unravel the tectonic and metamorphic evolution of litho-units, to observe the mechanisms of exhumation of deep-seated rocks and the propagation of the deformation. Himalayan tectonics has been the target of many studies from numerous international researchers over the years. In the last 15 years there has been an explosion of data and theories from both geological and geophysical perspectives. This book presents the results of integrated multidisciplinary studies, including geology, petrology, magmatism, geochemistry, geochronology and geophysics, of the structures and processes affecting the continental lithosphere. These processes and their spatial and temporal evolution have major consequences on the geometry and kinematics of the India–Eurasia collision zone.
Download or read book Advances in Remote Sensing Technology and the Three Poles written by Manish Pandey and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-12-12 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ADVANCES IN REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGY AND THE THREE POLES Covers recent advances in remote sensing technology applied to the “Three Poles”, a concept encompassing the Arctic, Antarctica, and the Himalayas Advances in Remote Sensing Technology and the Three Poles is a multidisciplinary approach studying the lithosphere, hydrosphere (encompassing both limnosphere, and oceanosphere), atmosphere, biosphere, and anthroposphere, of the Arctic, the Antarctic and the Himalayas. The drastic effects of climate change on polar environments bring to the fore the often subtle links between climate change and processes in the hydrosphere, biosphere, and lithosphere, while unanswered questions of the polar regions will help plan and formulate future research projects. Sample topics covered in the work include: Terrestrial net primary production of the Arctic and modeling of Arctic landform evolution Glaciers and glacial environments, including a geological, geophysical, and geospatial survey of Himalayan glaciers Sea ice dynamics in the Antarctic region under a changing climate, the Quaternary geology and geomorphology of Antarctica Continuous satellite missions, data availability, and the nature of future satellite missions, including scientific data sharing policies in different countries Software, tools, models, and remote sensing technology for investigating polar and other environments For postgraduates and researchers working in remote sensing, photogrammetry, and landscape evolution modeling, Advances in Remote Sensing Technology and the Three Poles is a crucial resource for understanding current technological capabilities in the field along with the latest scientific research that has been conducted in polar areas.
Download or read book Himalayan Weather and Climate and their Impact on the Environment written by A.P. Dimri and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-08 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book proposes a unique and comprehensive integrated synthesis of the current understanding of the science of Himalayan dynamics and its manifestations on physical systems and ecosystems at different spatial and temporal scales. In particular, this work covers relevant aspects of weather and climate, paleoclimate, snow, glacier and hydrology, ecology/forestry among other topics associated with the Himalayas. It highlights the role of the Himalayas in defining local to regional to global scale impact on weather and climate. It includes Himalayan impact on defining physical basis of changing glacier systems, permafrost melting/thawing, climate variability, and hydrological balances. As a result, this volume represents an important synthesized overview both for environmental and earth science researchers, and for policy makers and stakeholders interested in the physical and dynamical processes associated with the Himalayan massif.
Download or read book Incised Valleys in Time and Space written by Robert Walker Dalrymple and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume grew out of two SEPM-sponsored events, an SEPM Research Conference that took place in Casper, Wyoming, in 2002 and an SEPM Research Symposium that was held at the AAPG/SEPM Annual Meeting in 2003. Several other papers have been added to broaden the range of examples presented. The theme of the volume, "Incised Valleys in Time and Space", has been chosen because of the comparison of valleys of different ages and in different settings is a valuable approach to understanding the role of the many factors that interact to create the valley and to emplace the subsequent valley-filling deposits. Each example, whether modern or ancient, represents a real-world experiment that lacks the temporal and spatial scaling issues that inhibit the application of laboratory experiments. Of course, the dependent and independent variables cannot be "controlled" in natural systems, but our ability to deduce the approximate values of these quantities (e.g., subsidence, sediment supply, climate) is increasing continually, such that semiquantitative and even quantitative estimates can be made in some cases. Almost all of the papers in the volume discuss more than a single incised valley, comparing two or more contemporaneous valleys, or valleys of different ages in the same geographic area. Such comparisons bring similarities and differences into sharper focus than any collection of individual case studies could, and highlight the relative importance of the many factors that influence the resulting sedimentary succession.
Download or read book The Nature of Geomorphological Hazards in the Nepal Himalaya written by Jan Kalvoda and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Climate Change and Human Adaptation in India written by Kaushal Kumar Sharma and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Indian Rivers written by Dhruv Sen Singh and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-30 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book presents geomorphological studies of the major river basins – the Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra and their tributaries. Besides major basins, the book explores peninsular rivers and other rivers state-by-state. All types of rivers, i.e. snow-fed, rain-fed and groundwater-fed rivers are explained together in geological framework. Rivers are lifeline and understanding of the rivers, their dynamics, science and socio-economic aspect is very important. However, different sources provide different data base for rivers. But a book which explains all major rivers of a country at a single place was not yet available. This book is the first book of its kind in the world which provides expert opinion on all major rivers of a country like India. This book complements works in these areas for the last two to three decades on major rivers of India by eminent professors and scientists from different universities, IITs and Indian research institutions. The information presented in the book would appeal to a wider readership from students, teachers to researchers and planners engaged in developmental work and also to common people of the society concerned with awareness about rivers.
Download or read book Geomorphological Record of the Quaternary Orogeny in the Himalaya and the Karakoram written by Jan Kalvoda and published by Elsevier Publishing Company. This book was released on 1992 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is suitable for specialists in the fields of geomorphology, physical geology, glaciology, geodynamics, geology, geophysics and readers interested in the High Asian mountain ranges.
Download or read book Mountain Building written by György Hetényi and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-12-22 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Glacial Lakes and Glacial Lake Outburst Floods in Nepal written by Pradeep Mool and published by . This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Geophysical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
