Download or read book Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for Elemental Process Monitoring of Slurry Streams written by James Dudley Winefordner and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: The goal of this research program was to develop the method of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for applications in the phosphate industry. This would include rapid elemental analysis for P, Mg, Si and Fe in materials at various stages of phosphate mining and processing, using off-line, at-line and on-line measurement approaches. Several experimental systems were developed and evaluated. A research instrument with a high resolution spectrometer and gated, intensified CCD detector was used for initial fundamental studies.

Download or read book Handbook of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy written by David A. Cremers and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-03-15 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Starting from fundamentals and moving through a thorough discussion of equipment, methods, and techniques, the Handbook of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy provides a unique reference source that will be of value for many years to come for this important new analysis method. The authors, with a total of over 60 years of experience in the LIBS method, use a combination of tutorial discussions ranging from basic principles up to more advanced descriptions along with extensive figures and photographs to clearly explain topics addressed in the text. In this second edition, chapters on the use of statistical analysis and advances in detection of weapons of mass destruction have been added. Tables of data related to analysis with LIBS have been updated. The Handbook of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, Second Edition: provides a thorough but understandable discussion of the basic principles of the method based on atomic emission spectroscopy, including recently available data leading to better characterization of the LIBS plasma; presents a discussion of the many advantages of the method along with limitations, to provide the reader a balanced overview of capabilities of the method; describes LIBS instrumentation ranging from basic set-ups to more advanced configurations; presents a comprehensive discussion of the different types of components (laser, spectrometers, detectors) that can be used for LIBS apparatuses along with suggestions for their use, as well as an up-to-date treatment of the newest advances and capabilities of LIBS instruments; presents the analytical capabilities of the method in terms of detection limits, accuracy, and precision of measurements for a variety of different sample types; discusses methods of sampling different media such as gases, liquids, and solids; presents an overview of some real-world applications of the method, with new emphasis on sampling of biologically and physically dangerous materials; provides an up-to-date list of references to LIBS literature along with the latest detection limits and a unique list of element detection limits using a uniform analysis method; provides annotated examples of LIBS spectra which can serve as references for the general reader and will be especially useful for those starting out in the field.

Download or read book Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy written by Andrzej W. Miziolek and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-09-07 with total page 615 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a comprehensive reference explaining the fundamentals of the LIBS phenomenon, its history and its fascinating applications across eighteen chapters written by recognized leaders in the field. This book will be of significant interest to researchers in chemical and materials analysis within academia and industry.

Download or read book Laser Induced Incandescence and Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Based Sensor Development written by Kemal Efe Eseller and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this doctoral dissertation, two laser-based sensors were evaluated for different applications. Laser Induced Incandescence (LII) is a technique which can provide nonintrusive quantitative measurement of soot and it provides a unique diagnostic tool to characterize engine performance. Since LII is linearly proportional to the soot volume fraction, it can provide in situ, real time measurement of soot volume fraction with high temporal and spatial resolution. LII has the capability to characterize soot formation during combustion. The soot volume fraction from both flames and a soot generator was investigated with LII. The effects of experimental parameters, such as laser fluence, gate delay, gate width and various laser beam focusing, on LII signal was studied. Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), a diagnostic tool for in situ elemental analysis, has been evaluated for on-line, simultaneous, multi-species impurity monitoring in hydrogen. LIBS spectra with different impurity levels of nitrogen, argon, and oxygen were recorded and the intensity of the spectral lines of Ar, O, N, and H observed were used to form calibration plots for impurities in hydrogen measurements. An ungated detection method for LIBS has been developed and applied to equivalence ratio measurements of CH4/air and biofuel/air. LIBS has also been used to quantitatively analyze the composition of a slurry sample. The quenching effect of water in slurry samples causes low LIBS signal quality with poor sensitivity. Univariate and multivariate calibration was performed on LIBS spectra of dried slurry samples for elemental analysis of Mg, Si and Fe. Calibration results show that the dried slurry samples give good correlation between spectral intensity and elemental concentration.

Download or read book Modern Luminescence Spectroscopy of Minerals and Materials written by Michael Gaft and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-11-29 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is devoted to three types of laser-based spectroscopy of minerals, namely Laser-Induced Time-Resolved Luminescence, Laser-Induced Breakdown spectroscopy and Gated Raman Spectroscopy. This new edition presents the main new data, which have been received after the publication of the first edition ten years ago both by the authors and by other researchers. During this time, only the authors published more than 50 original papers devoted to laser-based spectroscopy of minerals. A lot of new data have been accumulated, both in fundamental and applied aspects, which are presented in new edition.

Download or read book Contributions to Process Monitoring by Laser induced Breakdown Spectroscopy written by David Alexander Rusak and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy written by Sergio Musazzi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with the Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) a widely used atomic emission spectroscopy technique for elemental analysis of materials. It is based on the use of a high-power, short pulse laser excitation. The book is divided into two main sections: the first one concerning theoretical aspects of the technique, the second one describing the state of the art in applications of the technique in different scientific/technological areas. Numerous examples of state of the art applications provide the readers an almost complete scenario of the LIBS technique. The LIBS theoretical aspects are reviewed. The book helps the readers who are less familiar with the technique to understand the basic principles. Numerous examples of state of the art applications give an almost complete scenario of the LIBS technique potentiality. These examples of applications may have a strong impact on future industrial utilization. The authors made important contributions to the development of this field.

Download or read book Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy LIBS written by Vivek K. Singh and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-03-14 with total page 2162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) Essential resource covering the field of LIBS, with respect to its fundamentals, established and novel applications, and future prospects Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), presents in two comprehensive volumes a thorough discussion of the basic principles of the method, including important recently available data which can lead to a better characterization of the LIBS plasma. This extensive work contains detailed discussions on the lasers, spectrometers, and detectors that can be used for LIBS apparatuses and describes various instrumentation, ranging from basic setups to more advanced configurations. As a modern resource, the work includes the newest advances and capabilities of LIBS instruments, featuring the recent developments of Dual-Pulse LIBS, Femtosecond LIBS, and Micro-LIBS as well as their applications. Throughout, the contributions discuss the analytical capabilities of the method in terms of detection limits, accuracy, and precision of measurements for a variety of samples. Lastly, an extensive range of applications is presented, including food technology, environmental science, nuclear reactors, nanoscience and nanotechnology, and biological and biomedical developments. Sample topics covered within the work include: iagnostics of laser induced plasma (LIP): LIBS plasma and its characteristics, factors affecting the LIBS plasma, methods of enhancing LIBS sensitivity, and LTE/non-LTE plasmas Instrumental developments in LIBS: light collection system and spectral detection systems, handheld LIBS, deep sea LIBS, and industrial sorters and analyzers Femtosecond laser ablation: laser-matter interaction, laser absorption, energy transport, ablation mechanisms and threshold, and plasma characterization Micro-analysis and LIBS imaging: microjoule laser sources, scaling libs to microjoule energies, micrometer scaling, advanced applications, and future prospects Spectroscopic and analytical scientists working with LIBS will find this wide-ranging reference immensely helpful in developing LIBS instrumentation and applications. Researchers and students in natural sciences and related programs of study will be able to use the work to acquire foundational knowledge on the method and learn about cutting-edge advancements being made in the field.

Download or read book Application of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy LIBS Instrumentation for International Safeguards written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced methodologies and improvements to current measurements techniques are needed to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of international safeguards. This need was recognized and discussed at a Technical Meeting on 'The Application of Laser Spectrometry Techniques in IAEA Safeguards' held at IAEA headquarters (September 2006). One of the principal recommendations from that meeting was the need to pursue the development of novel complementary access instrumentation based on Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (UBS) for the detection of gaseous and solid signatures and indicators of nuclear fuel cycle processes and associated materials'. Pursuant to this recommendation the Department of Safeguards (SG) under the Division of Technical Support (SGTS) convened the 'Experts and Users Advisory Meeting on Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for Safeguards Applications' also held at IAEA headquarters (July 2008). This meeting was attended by 12 LlBS experts from the Czech Republic, the European Commission, France, the Republic of South Korea, the United States of America, Germany, the United Kingdom of Great Britain, Canada, and Northern Ireland. Following a presentation of the needs of the IAEA inspectors, the LIBS experts agreed that needs as presented could be partially or fully fulfilled using LIBS instrumentation. Inspectors needs were grouped into the following broad categories: (1) Improvements to in-field measurements/environmental sampling; (2) Monitoring status of activities in Hot Cells; (3) Verify status of activity at a declared facility via process monitoring; and (4) Need for pre-screening of environmental samples before analysis. The primary tool employed by the IAEA to detect undeclared processes and activities at special nuclear material facilities and sites is environmental sampling. One of the objectives of the Next Generation Safeguards Initiative (NGSI) Program Plan calls for the development of advanced tools and methodologies to detect and analyze undeclared processing or production of special nuclear material. Los Alamos National Laboratory is currently investigating potential uses of LIBS for safeguards applications, including (1) a user-friendly man-portable LIBS system to characterize samples in real to near-real time (typical analysis time are on the order of minutes) across a wide range of elements in the periodic table from hydrogen up to heavy elements like plutonium and uranium, (2) a LIBS system that can be deployed in harsh environments such as hot cells and glove boxes providing relative compositional analysis of process streams for example ratios like Cm/Up and Cm/U, (3) an inspector field deployable system that can be used to analyze the elemental composition of microscopic quantities of samples containing plutonium and uranium, and (4) a high resolution LIBS system that can be used to determine the isotopic composition of samples containing for example uranium, plutonium ... etc. In this paper, we will describe our current development and performance testing results for LIBS instrumentation both in a fixed lab and measurements in field deployable configurations.

Download or read book Laser Induced Breakdown Spectrocscopy for Elemental Analysis in Aqueous Media written by C. Peel and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis is based on extensive experimental work over a three year Ph. D. studentship program sponsored by the AWE on laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for elemental analysis in the water environment. An exhaustive up-to-date literature review has revealed widely different results on the dependence of some of the LIBS parameters on both laser and target parameters. In this research, parametric measurements of the laser-water interaction events were undertaken to validate some quoted values and to attempt to resolve discrepancies within the published results. Analysis of dielectric breakdown in water bulk by focussed laser beam has shown that the threshold laser pulse energy for this was approximately 60% lower in tap water than in distilled water due to impurity content of the former. However, the effect of analyte concentration was found to be much less drastic, giving only a 10% reduction for 2 orders of magnitude of concentration increase of dissolved sodium. Parameters of cavitation bubbles, resulting from the laser induced breakdown process in the water bulk, were measured using two different techniques i.e. probe beam deflection (PBD) and high speed imaging (HSI). Values of bubble diameter before collapse (maximum) and the frequency of the oscillation were found to be different, by 27% for the diameter and by 22% for the frequency, in the results obtained using the two different techniques. The values of the parameters obtained in this study and those found in the literature vary widely and do not show any trend on their dependence with laser pulse energy. It is concluded that large uncertainty in the estimation or control of sampled volume defined by the waist of the laser beam focus render large errors on such measurements. The present work includes parametric measurement of signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) for the detection of signals from analytes dissolved in water for different variable experimental parameters. Optimum values for achieving maximum S/N were obtained. In addition to the spectral and temporal filtering for improving S/N, mechanical filtering techniques were also investigated. This has resulted in the improvement of S/N by more than 25%. The thesis concludes with remarks, based on the analysis of the experimental data, on work for further improvement of sensitivity of the LIBS technique and its wider application as a portable device for in situ, real time point monitoring of elemental contaminants in water.

Download or read book Laser induced Breakdown Spectroscopy LIBS for Elemental Analysis of Barium and Strontium in Tree Rings as a Method of Environmental Monitoring written by Basel Bandak and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy written by Seong Yong Oh and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was tested to examine its applicability to remote and in suit analysis in inaccessible situation. Two types of liquid sample (slurry) prepared for simulating vitrification of liquid hazardous wastes was tested. In situ analysis ability makes the LIBS technique practical for analysis of the slurry samples during vitrification, which is in inaccessible situation. For the first slurry sample, two slurry circulation systems were devised to overcome major technical problems associated with LIBS measurements of slurry samples - namely sedimentation and change in the lens-to-sample distance (L.T.S.D) during measurement. The second slurry sample contained less water and is able to be managed in a small glass container during test. We applied direct analysis of slurry sample filled in glass container. Spectroscopic analysis was performed using two different detection systems: Czerny-Turner and Echelle spectrometer systems. In particular, spectroscopic analysis of data from an echelle spectrometer shows the high efficiency for simultaneously determining physical quantities of all elements of interest. We also evaluate LIBS technique to tin alloy samples for the purpose of quantitative analysis by using Echelle spectrometer system. Unknown samples without information of elemental composition were tested to estimate several sample compositions simultaneously. An artificial neural network, calibration method, and chemical analysis were applied to estimate the elemental concentrations of impurities in tin (Sn) alloy.

Download or read book Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy written by Jagdish P. Singh and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-06-02 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, Second Edition, covers the basic principles and latest developments in instrumentation and applications of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). Written by active experts in the field, it serves as a useful resource for analytical chemists and spectroscopists, as well as graduate students and researchers engaged in the fields of combustion, environmental science, and planetary and space exploration. This fully revised second edition includes several new chapters on new LIBS techniques as well as several new applications, including flame and off-gas measurement, pharmaceutical samples, defense applications, carbon sequestration and site monitoring, handheld instruments, and more. LIBS has rapidly developed into a major analytical technology with the capability of detecting all chemical elements in a sample, of real- time response, and of close-contact or stand-off analysis of targets. It does not require any sample preparation, unlike conventional spectroscopic analytical techniques. Samples in the form of solids, liquids, gels, gases, plasmas, and biological materials (like teeth, leaves, or blood) can be studied with almost equal ease. This comprehensive reference introduces the topic to readers in a simple, direct, and accessible manner for easy comprehension and maximum utility. Covers even more applications of LIBS beyond the first edition, including combustion, soil physics, environment, and life sciences Includes new chapters on LIBS techniques that have emerged in the last several years, including Femtosecond LIBS and Molecular LIBS Provides inspiration for future developments in this rapidly growing field in the concluding chapter

Download or read book Laser induced Breakdown Spectrometry written by Yong-Ill Lee and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2000 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When the output from a pulsed laser is forced onto a small spot of a sample, optically induced plasma, called laser-induced plasma (LIP) is formed at the surface. The plasma is formed when the laser power density exceeds the breakdown threshold value of the surface. The plasma can be used in sampling but is proposed as a source for atomic emission spectrometry (AES). In this case the technique is referred to as laser induced breakdown (emission) spectrometry (LIBS). The spectrally and temporally resolved detection and subsequent determination of the specific atomic emission reveals analytical information about the elemental composition of the sample, including solids, liquids and gases. This book is devoted to the analytical technique of laser-induced breakdown spectrometry. An introduction covering some basic principles of atomic emission spectrometry, analytical performance characteristics, and a comparison to more conventional techniques provides background information for the reader. The book is then conveniently divided into three parts: the first part described the instrumentation required and options available, the second part on fundamental studies of the laser plasma, and the third part on applications. Finally the future development of LIBS is presented.

Download or read book Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy written by Reinhard Noll and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-14 with total page 547 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive source of the fundamentals, process parameters, instrumental components and applications of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The effect of multiple pulses on material ablation, plasma dynamics and plasma emission is presented. A heuristic plasma modeling allows to simulate complex experimental plasma spectra. These methods and findings form the basis for a variety of applications to perform quantitative multi-element analysis with LIBS. These application potentials of LIBS have really boosted in the last years ranging from bulk analysis of metallic alloys and non-conducting materials, via spatially resolved analysis and depth profiling covering measuring objects in all physical states: gaseous, liquid and solid. Dedicated chapters present LIBS investigations for these tasks with special emphasis on the methodical and instrumental concepts as well as the optimization strategies for a quantitative analysis. Requirements, concepts, design and characteristic features of LIBS instruments are described covering laboratory systems, inspections systems for in-line process control, mobile systems and remote systems. State-of-the-art industrial applications of LIBS systems are presented demonstrating the benefits of inline process control for improved process guiding and quality assurance purposes.

Download or read book Laser Spectroscopy for Material Characterization written by Krishna Kanth Ayyalasomayajula and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is a powerful tool for performing chemical analysis measurements of materials, such as slurries, soils, plastics and powder samples. The LIBS technique has proven to be sensitive, selective and robust for rapid, in situ analysis. The focus of this dissertation is the optimization of laser spectroscopic sensing methodologies for material characterization. The applications of the LIBS technique to slurry samples is very challenging due to the water content (~80%). A new sample preparation method called "spin-on-glass" was adopted to reduce the water content in slurry samples and improve the LIBS signal. The feasibility of using the new sampling method with a LIBS system was tested by applying multivariate analysis to the LIBS spectral data. The calibration results demonstrated that the LIBS technique with the new sampling method could successfully predict the elemental concentrations of slurry samples qualitatively and quantitatively. The possibility of developing a LIBS-based sensor system for total carbon quantification in soil samples was studied. The soil samples were studied in pellet form and the calibration models were developed by using simple linear regression (SLR) and multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis. It was found that both SLR- and MLR-based calibrations successfully predicted the carbon concentration in an unknown sample with relative accuracy (RA) within 8%. The LIBS experimental setup was designed, developed and tested for the determination of elemental impurities in plastic calibration standards that are used in dual-energy computed tomography (CT) scanning for petrophysical applications. Univariate calibration (UC) and multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis were used to develop calibration models. From this study, it was concluded that MLR improved the calibration results and data derived from the LIBS analysis enhanced the predictive capabilities of dual-energy CT scanning in general. A comparative study was performed for quantification of strontium (Sr) in an aluminum (Al) batch with both the atomic and molecular LIBS emissions. The calibration models were developed using SLR analysis and the limits of detection (LOD) were obtained. The study confirmed that molecular LIBS could be used for quantification of Sr in a binary mixture.

Download or read book A Fundamental Study of Laser induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Using Fiber Optics for Remote Measurements of Trace Metals 1998 Annual Progress Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Improved technologies are required by DOE for characterization and monitoring for site clean-up and waste processing applications. Especially needed are field deployable methods and devices of real-time monitoring to reduce dependency on laboratory analyses which are costly and time consuming. Improved sensors are needed for on-site analyses to provide real-time analytical capabilities for screening level and/or decision-quality data. Matrices of interest to the DOE are soils (or other solids), slurries, and aqueous and non-aqueous solutions. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a useful method for determining the elemental composition of solids. This method has been recently reviewed and a number of different applications have been described. In the LIBS technique, a high-power pulsed laser is used to generate a plasma from the sample of interest. This phenomenon was first demonstrated in 1963 using a pulsed ruby laser. The elemental composition of the sample is accomplished by measuring the atomic emission from the atoms and ions in the plasma. There are many reports of the use of LIBS for measuring metals in solid substrates. There have also been LIBS investigations of aerosols, single particles, metals in solution including uranium, and even chlorinated species in solution. More recently, LIBS has been used for measuring Ba and Cr in soil using a fiber-optic cable. LIBS shows great potential for measuring metal contaminants in soils and on particles (e.g., stack emissions) based on their atomic emission in a laser-induced plasma. Another important application for this technique is the remote analysis of highly radioactive materials, such as the glasses produced by the Defense Waste Processing Facility. The use of fiber optics for both collection of the atomic emission and delivery of the laser to the sampling area could eliminate the need for sampling. In this work the authors study the time-evolution of the LIBS emission for different matrices to better understand how to optimize the signal. Also, they investigate the use of fiber optics for laser delivery and signal collection, and the influence of the geometry of the fiber optic launch and collection probes to determine the effect on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Finally, they study the LIBS signal for different sample matrices as a function of excitation wavelength across a broad spectrum. A result of this study should be a determination of the optimal excitation and collection conditions and sampling times for metal contaminants in different matrices, and an understanding of the strengths and limitations of using fiber optics for LIBS sampling.