Download or read book Laser Detection of Chemical Agents written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The laser multiphoton ionization (MPI) technique has been used as a probe of molecules adsorbed on a quartz substrate. A detectability limit of less than 4 x 10th to the 13th power molecules of dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP) corresponding to an exposure to a DMMP partial pressure of .0000001 Torr for 1 second has been demonstrated. Efforts to make time-of-flight MPI photoelectron spectroscopy a quantitative tool have proved unsuccessful because of poor energy resolution. Efforts to detect phosphonates through a combination of microcolum high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) in conjunction with laser fluorescene detection appear extremely promising. Using coumarin derivatization of the hydrolysis products of a number of common chemical warfare agents it has been possible to detect less than 1 picomole each of ethylmethylphosphonic acid, isopropylmethylphosphenic acid, and pinacoylmethylphosphonic acid. Originator-supplied keywords include: Chemical analysis, Phosphonates, Multiphoton ionization, Photoelectron spectroscopy, HPLC.
Download or read book Laser based Instrumentation for the Detection of Chemical Agents written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several laser-based techniques are being evaluated for the remote, point, and surface detection of chemical agents. Among the methods under investigation are optoacoustic spectroscopy, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), and synchronous detection of laser-induced fluorescence (SDLIF). Optoacoustic detection has already been shown to be capable of extremely sensitive point detection. Its application to remote sensing of chemical agents is currently being evaluated. Atomic emission from the region of a laser-generated plasma has been used to identify the characteristic elements contained in nerve (P and F) and blister (S and Cl) agents. Employing this LIBS approach, detection of chemical agent simulants dispersed in air and adsorbed on a variety of surfaces has been achieved. Synchronous detection of laser-induced fluorescence provides an attractive alternative to conventional LIF, in that an artificial narrowing of the fluorescence emission is obtained. The application of this technique to chemical agent simulants has been successfully demonstrated. 19 figures.
Download or read book Laser based Instrumentation for Detection of Chemical warfare Agents written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several laser-based techniques are being developed for remote, point, and surface contamination detection of chemical warfare agents. These techniques include optoacoustic spectroscopy, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, and synchronous detection of laser-induced fluorescence. Detection limits in the part-per-million to part-per-billion regime have been demonstrated.
Download or read book Testing and Evaluation of Standoff Chemical Agent Detectors written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-03-10 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report provides an independent assessment of suitable test protocols that might be useful and reliable for the testing and evaluation of standoff chemical agent detectors. The report proposes two testing protocols, one for passive detectors and one for active detectors, to help ensure the reliable detection of a release of chemical warfare agents. The report determined that testing these detectors by release of chemical warfare agents into the atmosphere would not provide additional useful information on the effectiveness of these detectors than would a rigorous testing protocol using chemical agents in the laboratory combined with atmospheric release of simulated chemical warfare agents.
Download or read book Field Tests of the Laser Interrogation of Surface Agents Lisa System for On the Move Standoff Sensing of Chemical Agents written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser Interrogation of Surface Agents (LISA) is a new technique based on short-range Raman sensing that provides standoff detection and identification of surface-deposited chemical agents. ITT Industries, Advanced Engineering and Sciences Division is currently developing the LISA technology under a cost-sharing arrangement with the U.S. Army Soldier and Biological Chemical Command (SBCCOM) for incorporation on the Army's future reconnaissance vehicles. We will discuss the field engineered prototype LISA-Recon system, designed to demonstrate single-shot on-the-move measurements of chemical contaminants at concentration levels below the Army's requirements. Results from laboratory and field tests will be presented. Proper identification of chemical contamination requires an on-board library of high-resolution UV Raman signatures. Laboratory measurements of these Raman spectra are presented in a companion paper.
Download or read book Laser Based Optical Detection of Explosives written by Paul M. Pellegrino and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-09-03 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser-Based Optical Detection of Explosives offers a comprehensive review of past, present, and emerging laser-based methods for the detection of a variety of explosives. This book: Considers laser propagation safety and explains standard test material preparation for standoff optical-based detection system evaluation Explores explosives detection using deep ultraviolet native fluorescence, Raman spectroscopy, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, reflectometry, and hyperspectral imaging Examines photodissociation followed by laser-induced fluorescence, photothermal methods, cavity-enhanced absorption spectrometry, and short-pulse laser-based techniques Describes the detection and recognition of explosives using terahertz-frequency spectroscopic techniques Each chapter is authored by a leading expert on the respective technology, and is structured to supply historical perspective, address current advantages and challenges, and discuss novel research and applications. Readers are left with an in-depth understanding and appreciation of each technology’s capabilities and potential for standoff hazard detection.
Download or read book Chemical and Biological Terrorism written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-03-12 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The threat of domestic terrorism today looms larger than ever. Bombings at the World Trade Center and Oklahoma City's Federal Building, as well as nerve gas attacks in Japan, have made it tragically obvious that American civilians must be ready for terrorist attacks. What do we need to know to help emergency and medical personnel prepare for these attacks? Chemical and Biological Terrorism identifies the R&D efforts needed to implement recommendations in key areas: pre-incident intelligence, detection and identification of chemical and biological agents, protective clothing and equipment, early recognition that a population has been covertly exposed to a pathogen, mass casualty decontamination and triage, use of vaccines and pharmaceuticals, and the psychological effects of terror. Specific objectives for computer software development are also identified. The book addresses the differences between a biological and chemical attack, the distinct challenges to the military and civilian medical communities, and other broader issues. This book will be of critical interest to anyone involved in civilian preparedness for terrorist attack: planners, administrators, responders, medical professionals, public health and emergency personnel, and technology designers and engineers.
Download or read book Detection of Biological Agents for the Prevention of Bioterrorism written by Joseph Banoub and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-11-05 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The threat of biological and chemical terrorism has driven the demand for timely techniques that can quickly detect the agent or agents used in an attack. The detection and/or prevention of these potential security threats provide significant scientific and technical challenges due to the combination of possible agents and modes of delivery available. This book will present a thorough look at the importance and technological challenges of mass spectrometry (MS) for the detection & identification of biological and chemical threats. This new contribution’s general aims are to draw the attention of recognized practitioners, experts and graduate students trying to grasp the latest MS developments in the cutting-edge fields of MS-biodefense technologies for the rapid/early/specific sensitive threat detection of pathogens, viruses, explosives, mycotoxins, chemical agents, and biological markers of xenobiotic chemicals.
Download or read book Analytical Chemistry Associated with the Destruction of Chemical Weapons written by M. Heyl and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the major problems associated with the disposal of chemical weapons is that the agents have degraded over time, some quite seriously. Detecting and identifying the products of this decomposition are necessary prerequisites to the safe, complete and environmentally benign destruction of stockpiled weapons. The book presents and discusses both basic and novel techniques in a variety of areas of analytical chemistry which are relevant to achieving the ultimate destruction of chemical weapons. Presentations address sample collection and preparation, mass spectrometry, chromatographic techniques, NMR, and air monitoring techniques. The work shows that analytical methods do exist to effectively support the destruction of chemical munitions. While further research is needed, the book provides an excellent baseline for further advances in the field.
Download or read book Strategies to Protect the Health of Deployed U S Forces written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-04-21 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since Operation Desert Shield/Desert Storm, Gulf War veterans have expressed concerns about health effects that could be associated with their deployment and service during the war. Although similar concerns were raised after other military operations, the Gulf War deployment focused national attention on the potential, but uncertain, relationship between the presence of chemical and biological (CB) agents and other harmful agents in theater and health symptoms reported by military personnel. Strategies to Protect the Health of Deployed U.S. Forces which is one of the four two-year studies, examines the detection and tracking of exposures of deployed personnel to multiple harmful agents.
Download or read book Detection of Chemical Biological Radiological and Nuclear Agents for the Prevention of Terrorism written by Joseph Banoub and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-03 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This NATO-ASI installment is designed to provide an advanced overview for doctoral and post-doctoral candidates of the state-of-the-art technologies for bio-detection. The main objective of the work aims at providing readers with the latest developments necessary to successfully understand the CBRN Agents and their associated biotechnologies. The core methods focused on are mass spectrometry (including chromatographic and electrophoretic separation) and comparisons to spectroscopic, immunological and molecular analysis of chemical, biological and nuclear agents.
Download or read book Die f nfte Offensive written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Technologies for Detection of Chemical and Biological Agents written by Joseph H. Banoub and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the latest molecular insights needed to understand the chemical and biological (CB) agents and their associated biotechnologies. Its primary focus is to present and discuss molecular technologies such as mass spectrometry, chemical and biological sensors, chromatographic and electrophoretic separation, and comparisons of spectroscopic, immunological and molecular analyses of chemicals used for the detection of chemical and biological agents and to prevent terrorism. This NATO-ASI book also contributes to the critical assessment of existing knowledge on new and important detection technologies. It helps to identify directions for future research and to promote closer working relationships between scientists from different professional fields.
Download or read book Real time Detection of Chemical Warfare Agents Using Multi wavelength Photoacoustics written by Kristan Gurton and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We present a proof-of-concept study designed to investigate the utility of operating a conventional photoacoustic spectroscopy technique in a "multi-wavelength" mode applied to chemical vapor/aerosols for application of trace species detection and identification. The technique involves propagating three or more laser sources through a non-resonate, flow through photoacoustic cell. Each laser source is modulated at a different frequency, chosen at some convenient acoustic frequency. A portion of each laser's power is absorbed by a particular test gas/aerosol that is passing through the PA cell, resulting in a acoustic signal that is found to be proportional to the absorption cross section of the gas/vapor at the particular laser wavelength. A superposition of frequency component (equal to the number of laser wavelengths used), combines with the ambient acoustic noise spectrum and is recorded by an electret microphone housed in the photoacoustic cell. The signal is deconvolved using phase sensitive detection where each component (one corresponding to a particular modulation frequency for a particular laser) is amplified and recorded as function of species concentration. Ratios of the resultant absorption information are used to produce an identifiable metric that remains constant for all concentrations. For the study presented here, we used 3 laser wavelengths all lying in the spectrally rich long-wave infrared (LWIR), i.e., 8.72, 9.27, and 10.35 um. Test nerve agents simulants include (but not limited to), diethyl phosphonate (DEMP), dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), and diisopropyl phosphonate (DIMP). Measured photoacoustic absorption results compare well with Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis that is conducted in situ with the photoacoustic portion of the measurement.
Download or read book Adjustable Laser to Provide Evidence of Foreign Material in the Atmosphere written by K. H. Lohs and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report briefly discusses the use of tunable lasers and lidar for remote detection of toxic agents in the atmosphere (i.e. chemical warfare agents or air pollutants).
Download or read book Department of Defense Chemical Biological Radiological and Nuclear Defense Program Annual Report to Congress and Performance Plan 2001 written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Testing and Evaluation of Standoff Chemical Agent Detectors written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-04-10 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report provides an independent assessment of suitable test protocols that might be useful and reliable for the testing and evaluation of standoff chemical agent detectors. The report proposes two testing protocols, one for passive detectors and one for active detectors, to help ensure the reliable detection of a release of chemical warfare agents. The report determined that testing these detectors by release of chemical warfare agents into the atmosphere would not provide additional useful information on the effectiveness of these detectors than would a rigorous testing protocol using chemical agents in the laboratory combined with atmospheric release of simulated chemical warfare agents.
