Download or read book Laser Ablation Ionization Characterization of Solids Final Progress Report of the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Department of Energy has undertaken the enormous task of remediating defense wastes and environmental insults which have occurred over 50 years of nuclear weapons production. It is abundantly clear that significant technology advances are needed to characterize, process, and store highly radioactive waste and to remediate contaminated zones. In addition to the processing and waste form issues, analytical technologies needed for the characterization of solids, and for monitoring storage tanks and contaminated sites do not exist or are currently expensive labor-intensive tasks. This report describes progress in developing sensitive, rapid, and widely applicable laser-based mass spectrometry techniques for analysis of mixed chemical wastes and contaminated soils. The remediation of defense waste and the long-term disposal of high-level mixed wastes requires chemical analysis of the waste streams. Efficient analytic methods are needed to characterize the chemical classes and concentrations of a wide variety of waste materials. Tank and crib waste sites contain broad distributions of radioisotopes, chelating agents, chromates, and ferrocyanides.
Download or read book Laser Ablation ionization Characterization of Solids written by W. P. Hess and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Laser Ablation written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Department of Energy is undertaking the enormous task of remediating defense wastes and environmental insults which have occurred over 50 years of nuclear weapons production. It is abundantly clear that significant technology advances are needed to characterize, process, and store highly radioactive waste and to remediate contaminated zones. In addition to the processing and waste form issues, analytical technologies needed for the characterization of solids, and for monitoring storage tanks and contaminated sites do not exist or are currently expensive labor-intensive tasks. This report describes progress in developing sensitive, rapid, and widely applicable laser-based mass spectrometry techniques for analysis of mixed chemical wastes and contaminated soils.
Download or read book Fran ois connoisez votre roi written by and published by . This book was released on 1791 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book EPA Publications Bibliography written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 1134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Improved Analytical Characterization of Solid Waste Forms by Fundamental Development of Laser Ablation Technology written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser ablation (LA) with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) has been demonstrated as a viable technology for sample characterization within the EM complex. Laser ablation systems have been set up at the Hanford Site, Savannah River Plant, the Pu immobilization program (MD), Los Alamos, and at numerous other DOE facilities. Characterization of elemental and isotopic chemical constituents is an important function in support of tank-waste operation and remediation functions. Proper waste characterization enables safe operation of the tank farms, resolution of tank safety questions, and development of processes and equipment for retrieval, pretreatment, and immobilization of tank waste. All of these operations are dependent on the chemical analysis of tank waste (1). A specified need by the Tanks Focus Area (TFA) is to validate the laser ablation mass spectrometer (LA/MS) technology through round robin testing of standard materials and through fundamental studies of the laser ablation process (2). Advancement of the laser ablation technology is warranted to guarantee accuracy of analysis for the diversity of complex EM samples. This EMSP research endeavored to understand fundamental laser-ablation and ICP-MS detection characteristics, to ensure accurate and sensitive analytical characterization for EM wastesite samples. The difficulty in characterization of EM waste samples is that matrix-matched standards are not available. ICP-MS instrumental calibration must be performed with a series of standards. The sample-matrix will influence the ablation process, such as an amount of ablated mass, elemental fractionation, particle size distribution and particle transport characteristics, and ICP-MS response. If matrix-matched standards existed, the quantity of mass, degree of fractionation, and particle transport would be the same for standards and samples; hence, accuracy of analysis would be guaranteed. In contrast, for most EM samples in which standards are not available, accuracy can only be accomplished through knowledge of the laser ablation processes. Laser ablation offers direct characterization of any solid waste form in a timely manner and at a reduced cost compared to conventional analytical technologies (3-5). Numerous advantages exist for direct solid waste-form characterization. Little or no sample preparation will be required. Laser ablation will eliminate the dissolution requirement, and eliminate the generation of solvent waste. Personnel exposure to hazardous materials will be minimized. Chemical characterization 6 using laser ablation requires a smaller amount of sample (
Download or read book Laser Ablation and Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy LARIS for Trace Analysis of Solids written by S. Mayo and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new analytical technique has been developed for the detection of trace sodium impurity in single crystal silicon using laser ablation and resonance ionization spectroscopy. Sodium is detected in the ablated vapor by using two tunable laser probes to induce resonantly enhanced multiphoton ionization via the intermediate 3P and 4D levels. At present, the technique provides only relative quantitative results. For absolute quantitative results, characterization of complex laser-solid interaction phenomena in a buffer gas is required. The minimum detectable sodium density in the solid is estimated to be about 10 to the 11th power atoms/cu cm. Generalization of this technique to other impurities is limited only by laser availability. (Author).
Download or read book Direct Laser Ablation and Ionization of Solids for Chemical Analysis by Mass Spectrometry written by J. K. Holt and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A laser ablation/ionization mass spectrometer system is described for the direct chemical analysis of solids. An Nd:YAG laser is used for ablation and ionization of the sample in a quadrupole ion trap operated in an ion-storage (IS) mode that is coupled with a reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS). Single pulse experiments have demonstrated simultaneous detection of up to 14 elements present in glasses in the ppm range. However, detection of the components has produced non-stoichiometric results due to difference in ionization potentials and fractionation effects. Time-of-flight secondary ionization mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) was used to spatially map elemental species on the surface and provide further evidence of fractionation effects. Resolution (m/Dm) of 1500 and detection limits of approximately 10 pg have been achieved with a single laser pulse. The system configuration and related operating principles for accurately measuring low concentrations of isotopes are described.
Download or read book Laser Ablation and Resonance Ionization Spectrometry for Trace Analysis of Solids written by Santos Mayo and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 906 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semiannual, with semiannual and annual indexes. References to all scientific and technical literature coming from DOE, its laboratories, energy centers, and contractors. Includes all works deriving from DOE, other related government-sponsored information, and foreign nonnuclear information. Arranged under 39 categories, e.g., Biomedical sciences, basic studies; Biomedical sciences, applied studies; Health and safety; and Fusion energy. Entry gives bibliographical information and abstract. Corporate, author, subject, report number indexes.
Download or read book Laser Ablation in Liquids written by Guowei Yang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-02-22 with total page 1166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the fundamental concepts and physical and chemical aspects of pulsed laser ablation of solid targets in liquid environments and its applications in the preparation of nanomaterials and fabrication of nanostructures. The areas of focus include basic thermodynamic and kinetic processes of laser ablation in liquids, and its applic
Download or read book Direct Chemical Analysis of Solids by Laser Ablation in an Ion Storage Time of Flight Mass Spectrometer written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A laser ablation/ionization mass spectrometer system is described for the direct analysis of solids, particles, and fibers. The system uses a quadrupole ion trap operated in an ion-storage (IS) mode, coupled with a reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS). The sample is inserted radially into the ring electrode and an imaging system allows direct viewing and selected analysis of the sample. Measurements identified trace contaminants of Ag, Sn, and Sb in a Pb target with single laser-shot experiments. Resolution (m/[mu]m) of 1500 and detection limits of approximately 10 pg have been achieved with a single laser pulse. The system configuration and related operating principles for accurately measuring low concentrations of isotopes are described.
Download or read book Laser Ablation in Liquids written by Guowei Yang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-02-22 with total page 1194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the fundamental concepts and physical and chemical aspects of pulsed laser ablation of solid targets in liquid environments and its applications in the preparation of nanomaterials and fabrication of nanostructures. The areas of focus include basic thermodynamic and kinetic processes of laser ablation in liquids, and its applications in metal and metal oxides nanocrystals synthesis and semiconductor nanostructures fabrication. The book comprises theoretical and experimental analysis of laser ablation in liquids, research methods, and preparation techniques.
Download or read book Laser Ablation and Desorption written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1997-12-10 with total page 671 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume introduces the subject of laser ablation and desorption to scientists and engineers. It covers fundamental experimental and theoretical tools, models, and techniques, and introduces the most important applications. Clearly written and organized in a straightforward manner, Laser Ablation and Desorption lead the reader straight through the fundamentals of laser-surface interactions. Each chapter is self-contained and includes references to other chapters as necessary, so that readers may begin with the topic of greatest interest and follow the references to other aspects of the subject contained within the book. Key Features * Provides up-to-date information about one of the most active fields in physics today * Written and edited by major figures in the field of laser ablation and desorption * Represents the most comprehensive treatment of the state-of-the-art available
Download or read book Practical Applications of Laser Ablation written by Dongfang Yang and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-07-14 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser ablation refers to the phenomenon in which an intense laser beam irradiates the surface of a solid to induce instant local removal of atoms by a thermal or non-thermal mechanism. Through eight chapters of original research studies and literature reviews written by experts from the international scientific community, this book presents theoretical and experimental aspects of the laser ablation phenomenon for processing material including pulsed laser deposition of thin films, laser surface modification, laser machining and laser nanoparticle formation. It also includes a study of the dynamics of plasmas generated by laser ablation of multi-component materials and an overview of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) techniques for chemical analysis.
Download or read book Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy written by Jagdish P. Singh and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-10-03 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is basically an emission spectroscopy technique where atoms and ions are primarily formed in their excited states as a result of interaction between a tightly focused laser beam and the material sample. The interaction between matter and high-density photons generates a plasma plume, which evolves with time and may eventually acquire thermodynamic equilibrium. One of the important features of this technique is that it does not require any sample preparation, unlike conventional spectroscopic analytical techniques. Samples in the form of solids, liquids, gels, gases, plasmas and biological materials (like teeth, leaf or blood) can be studied with almost equal ease. LIBS has rapidly developed into a major analytical technology with the capability of detecting all chemical elements in a sample, of real- time response, and of close-contact or stand-off analysis of targets. The present book has been written by active specialists in this field, it includes the basic principles, the latest developments in instrumentation and the applications of LIBS . It will be useful to analytical chemists and spectroscopists as an important source of information and also to graduate students and researchers engaged in the fields of combustion, environmental science, and planetary and space exploration. * Recent research work* Possible future applications* LIBS Principles
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1992-12 with total page 920 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
