Download or read book Large Scale Distributed Syntactic Semantic and Lexical Language Models written by Shaojun Wang and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A composite language model may include a composite word predictor. The composite word predictor may include a first language model and a second language model that are combined according to a directed Markov random field. The composite word predictor can predict a next word based upon a first set of contexts and a second set of contexts. The first language model may include a first word predictor that is dependent upon the first set of contexts. The second language model may include a second word predictor that is dependent upon the second set of contexts. Composite model parameters can be determined by multiple iterations of a convergent N-best list approximate Expectation-Maximization algorithm and a follow-up Expectation-Maximization algorithm applied in sequence, wherein the convergent N-best list approximate Expectation-Maximization algorithm and the follow-up Expectation-Maximization algorithm extracts the first set of contexts and the second set of contexts from a training corpus.
Download or read book A Large Scale Distributed Syntactic Semantic and Lexical Language Model for Machine Translation written by Ming Tan and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The n-gram model is the most widely used language model (LM) in statistical machine translation system, due to its simplicity and scalability. However, it only encodes the local lexical relation between adjacent words and clearly ignores the rich syntactic and semantic structures of the natural languages. Attempting to increase the order of an n-gram to describe longer range dependencies in natural language immediately runs into the curse of dimensionality. Although previous researches tried to increase the order of n-gram on a large corpus, they did not see obvious improvement beyond 6-gram. Meanwhile, other LMs, such as syntactic language models and topic language models, tried to encode the long range dependencies from different perspectives of natural languages. But it is still an open question how to effectively combine those language models in order to capture multiple linguistic phenomena. This dissertation presents a study at building a large scale distributed composite language model that is formed by seamlessly combining an n-gram model, a structured language model, and probabilistic latent semantic analysis under a directed Markov random field paradigm to simultaneously account for local word lexical information, mid-range sentence syntactic structure, and long-span document semantic content. The composite language model has been trained by performing a convergent N-best list approximate EM algorithm and a follow-up EM algorithm. To improve word prediction power, the composite LM is distributed with client-server paradigm and trained on corpora with up to a billion tokens. Also, the orders of the composite LM are increased up to 5-gram and 4-headword. The large scale distributed composite language model gives drastic perplexity reduction over n-grams and achieves significantly better translation quality measured by the BLEU score and "readability" of translations when applied to the task of re-ranking the N-best list from a state-of-the-art parsing-based machine translation system. Moreover, we propose an A*-search-based lattice rescoring strategy in order to integrate the large scale distributed composite language model into a phrase-based machine translation system. Experiments show that the A*-based lattice re-scoring is more effective to show the predominance of the composite language model over the n-gram model than the traditional N-best list re-scoring.
Download or read book Large Scale Distributed Semantic N gram Language Model written by Yuandong Jiang and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Language model is a crucial component in statistical machine translation system. The basic language model is N-gram which predicts the next word based on previous N-1 words. It has been used in the state-of-the-art commercial machine translation systems over years. However, the N-gram model ignores the rich syntactic and semantic structure in natural languages. We propose a composite semantic N-gram language model which combines probabilistic latent semantic analysis model with N-gram as a generative model. We have implemented the proposed composite language model in a super-computer with thousand processors that is trained by 1.3 billion tokens corpus. Comparing with simple N-gram, the large scale composite language model has achieved significant perplexity reduction and BLEU score improvement in an n-best list re-ranking task for machine translation.
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Computational Linguistics written by Ruslan Mitkov and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022-03-09 with total page 1377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ruslan Mitkov's highly successful Oxford Handbook of Computational Linguistics has been substantially revised and expanded in this second edition. Alongside updated accounts of the topics covered in the first edition, it includes 17 new chapters on subjects such as semantic role-labelling, text-to-speech synthesis, translation technology, opinion mining and sentiment analysis, and the application of Natural Language Processing in educational and biomedical contexts, among many others. The volume is divided into four parts that examine, respectively: the linguistic fundamentals of computational linguistics; the methods and resources used, such as statistical modelling, machine learning, and corpus annotation; key language processing tasks including text segmentation, anaphora resolution, and speech recognition; and the major applications of Natural Language Processing, from machine translation to author profiling. The book will be an essential reference for researchers and students in computational linguistics and Natural Language Processing, as well as those working in related industries.
Download or read book Mobile Speech and Advanced Natural Language Solutions written by Amy Neustein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-02-03 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Mobile Speech and Advanced Natural Language Solutions" presents the discussion of the most recent advances in intelligent human-computer interaction, including fascinating new study findings on talk-in-interaction, which is the province of conversation analysis, a subfield in sociology/sociolinguistics, a new and emerging area in natural language understanding. Editors Amy Neustein and Judith A. Markowitz have recruited a talented group of contributors to introduce the next generation natural language technologies for practical speech processing applications that serve the consumer’s need for well-functioning natural language-driven personal assistants and other mobile devices, while also addressing business’ need for better functioning IVR-driven call centers that yield a more satisfying experience for the caller. This anthology is aimed at two distinct audiences: one consisting of speech engineers and system developers; the other comprised of linguists and cognitive scientists. The text builds on the experience and knowledge of each of these audiences by exposing them to the work of the other.
Download or read book Emerging Applications of Natural Language Processing Concepts and New Research written by Bandyopadhyay, Sivaji and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2012-10-31 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book provides pertinent and vital information that researchers, postgraduate, doctoral students, and practitioners are seeking for learning about the latest discoveries and advances in NLP methodologies and applications of NLP"--Provided by publisher.
Download or read book Cross Lingual Word Embeddings written by Anders Søgaard and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The majority of natural language processing (NLP) is English language processing, and while there is good language technology support for (standard varieties of) English, support for Albanian, Burmese, or Cebuano--and most other languages--remains limited. Being able to bridge this digital divide is important for scientific and democratic reasons but also represents an enormous growth potential. A key challenge for this to happen is learning to align basic meaning-bearing units of different languages. In this book, the authors survey and discuss recent and historical work on supervised and unsupervised learning of such alignments. Specifically, the book focuses on so-called cross-lingual word embeddings. The survey is intended to be systematic, using consistent notation and putting the available methods on comparable form, making it easy to compare wildly different approaches. In so doing, the authors establish previously unreported relations between these methods and are able to present a fast-growing literature in a very compact way. Furthermore, the authors discuss how best to evaluate cross-lingual word embedding methods and survey the resources available for students and researchers interested in this topic.
Download or read book Representation Learning for Natural Language Processing written by Zhiyuan Liu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-03 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book provides an overview of the recent advances in representation learning theory, algorithms and applications for natural language processing (NLP). It is divided into three parts. Part I presents the representation learning techniques for multiple language entries, including words, phrases, sentences and documents. Part II then introduces the representation techniques for those objects that are closely related to NLP, including entity-based world knowledge, sememe-based linguistic knowledge, networks, and cross-modal entries. Lastly, Part III provides open resource tools for representation learning techniques, and discusses the remaining challenges and future research directions. The theories and algorithms of representation learning presented can also benefit other related domains such as machine learning, social network analysis, semantic Web, information retrieval, data mining and computational biology. This book is intended for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, post-doctoral fellows, researchers, lecturers, and industrial engineers, as well as anyone interested in representation learning and natural language processing.
Download or read book Cognitive Computing Theory and Applications written by Vijay V Raghavan and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-09-10 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cognitive Computing: Theory and Applications, written by internationally renowned experts, focuses on cognitive computing and its theory and applications, including the use of cognitive computing to manage renewable energy, the environment, and other scarce resources, machine learning models and algorithms, biometrics, Kernel Based Models for transductive learning, neural networks, graph analytics in cyber security, neural networks, data driven speech recognition, and analytical platforms to study the brain-computer interface. - Comprehensively presents the various aspects of statistical methodology - Discusses a wide variety of diverse applications and recent developments - Contributors are internationally renowned experts in their respective areas
Download or read book The Handbook of Language Emergence written by Brian MacWhinney and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-05-01 with total page 651 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This authoritative handbook explores the latest integrated theory for understanding human language, offering the most inclusive text yet published on the rapidly evolving emergentist paradigm. Brings together an international team of contributors, including the most prominent advocates of linguistic emergentism Focuses on the ways in which the learning, processing, and structure of language emerge from a competing set of cognitive, communicative, and biological constraints Examines forces on widely divergent timescales, from instantaneous neurolinguistic processing to historical changes and language evolution Addresses key theoretical, empirical, and methodological issues, making this handbook the most rigorous examination of emergentist linguistic theory ever
Download or read book Linguistic Linked Data written by Philipp Cimiano and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-13 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first monograph on the emerging area of linguistic linked data. Presenting a combination of background information on linguistic linked data and concrete implementation advice, it introduces and discusses the main benefits of applying linked data (LD) principles to the representation and publication of linguistic resources, arguing that LD does not look at a single resource in isolation but seeks to create a large network of resources that can be used together and uniformly, and so making more of the single resource. The book describes how the LD principles can be applied to modelling language resources. The first part provides the foundation for understanding the remainder of the book, introducing the data models, ontology and query languages used as the basis of the Semantic Web and LD and offering a more detailed overview of the Linguistic Linked Data Cloud. The second part of the book focuses on modelling language resources using LD principles, describing how to model lexical resources using Ontolex-lemon, the lexicon model for ontologies, and how to annotate and address elements of text represented in RDF. It also demonstrates how to model annotations, and how to capture the metadata of language resources. Further, it includes a chapter on representing linguistic categories. In the third part of the book, the authors describe how language resources can be transformed into LD and how links can be inferred and added to the data to increase connectivity and linking between different datasets. They also discuss using LD resources for natural language processing. The last part describes concrete applications of the technologies: representing and linking multilingual wordnets, applications in digital humanities and the discovery of language resources. Given its scope, the book is relevant for researchers and graduate students interested in topics at the crossroads of natural language processing / computational linguistics and the Semantic Web / linked data. It appeals to Semantic Web experts who are not proficient in applying the Semantic Web and LD principles to linguistic data, as well as to computational linguists who are used to working with lexical and linguistic resources wanting to learn about a new paradigm for modelling, publishing and exploiting linguistic resources.
Download or read book Neurobiology of Language written by Gregory Hickok and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-08-15 with total page 1188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neurobiology of Language explores the study of language, a field that has seen tremendous progress in the last two decades. Key to this progress is the accelerating trend toward integration of neurobiological approaches with the more established understanding of language within cognitive psychology, computer science, and linguistics. This volume serves as the definitive reference on the neurobiology of language, bringing these various advances together into a single volume of 100 concise entries. The organization includes sections on the field's major subfields, with each section covering both empirical data and theoretical perspectives. "Foundational" neurobiological coverage is also provided, including neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, genetics, linguistic, and psycholinguistic data, and models. - Foundational reference for the current state of the field of the neurobiology of language - Enables brain and language researchers and students to remain up-to-date in this fast-moving field that crosses many disciplinary and subdisciplinary boundaries - Provides an accessible entry point for other scientists interested in the area, but not actively working in it – e.g., speech therapists, neurologists, and cognitive psychologists - Chapters authored by world leaders in the field – the broadest, most expert coverage available
Download or read book Cluster Analysis for Corpus Linguistics written by Hermann Moisl and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2015-02-24 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The standard scientific methodology in linguistics is empirical testing of falsifiable hypotheses. As such the process of hypothesis generation is central, and involves formulation of a research question about a domain of interest and statement of a hypothesis relative to it. In corpus linguistics the domain is text, and generation involves abstraction of data from text, data analysis, and formulation of a hypothesis based on inference from the results. Traditionally this process has been paper-based, but the advent of electronic text has increasingly rendered it obsolete both because the size of digital corpora is now at or beyond the limit of what can efficiently be used in the traditional way, and because the complexity of data abstracted from them can be impenetrable to understanding. Linguists are increasingly turning to mathematical and statistical computational methods for help, and cluster analysis is such a method. It is used across the sciences for hypothesis generation by identification of structure in data which are too large or complex, or both, to be interpretable by direct inspection. This book aims to show how cluster analysis can be used for hypothesis generation in corpus linguistics, thereby contributing to a quantitative empirical methodology for the discipline.
Download or read book Natural Language Processing for Corpus Linguistics written by Jonathan Dunn and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-03-31 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corpus analysis can be expanded and scaled up by incorporating computational methods from natural language processing. This Element shows how text classification and text similarity models can extend our ability to undertake corpus linguistics across very large corpora. These computational methods are becoming increasingly important as corpora grow too large for more traditional types of linguistic analysis. We draw on five case studies to show how and why to use computational methods, ranging from usage-based grammar to authorship analysis to using social media for corpus-based sociolinguistics. Each section is accompanied by an interactive code notebook that shows how to implement the analysis in Python. A stand-alone Python package is also available to help readers use these methods with their own data. Because large-scale analysis introduces new ethical problems, this Element pairs each new methodology with a discussion of potential ethical implications.
Download or read book Children s Language written by Carolyn E. Johnson and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-01-11 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together the work of 32 scholars from 13 countries -- investigations of children learning 15 different languages, in some instances more than one at a time. The scope of this work -- as broad as it is -- only partially represents the research interests and approaches of the more than 350 scholars from 34 countries who contributed papers or posters to the Sixth International Congress for the Study of Child Language. This investigative power and diversity are, for the most part, focused on topics and issues of modern day child language research that have been under discussion for the last 30 years or so. Some even go beyond that in early diary studies and philosophers' speculations. While the issues are mainly familiar ones, the 17 chapters contribute to the advancement of child language study in several specific ways. They: * represent current theoretical frameworks, both bringing the insights of the theories to the interpretation of language development and testing tenets or implications of the theories with child language data; * contribute substantively to the crosslinguistic study of child language, reflecting both the linguistic diversity of the authors themselves and a recent major shift in the approach to child language study; * build on the now considerable body of knowledge about children's language, both adding to information about the basic systems of phonology, syntax, and semantics, and extending beyond to explore aspects of narrative and literacy development, language acquisition by bilingual and atypical children, and language processing; and * contain hints of new directions in child language study, such as increased attention to the impact of phonology on other language systems. Taken as a whole, this volume reflects the current strength of crosslinguistic research, the application and testing of new theoretical developments, a new legitimacy of language disorder data, and a new appeal to the descriptive possibilities of language processing models. In addition, there is a theme that runs through many of the chapters and points the way for important research in the future: the role of prosody in the acquisition of various language structures and systems.
Download or read book Text Speech and Dialogue written by Elmar Nöth and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Automatic Semantic Interpretation written by Jan van Bakel and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
