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Book Large scale Air sea Interactions in the Tropical Western Pacific on Interannual and Intraseasonal Time Scales

Download or read book Large scale Air sea Interactions in the Tropical Western Pacific on Interannual and Intraseasonal Time Scales written by Ryuichi Kawamura and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Intraseasonal Variability in the Atmosphere Ocean Climate System

Download or read book Intraseasonal Variability in the Atmosphere Ocean Climate System written by William K.-M. Lau and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-10-25 with total page 642 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Improving the reliability of long-range forecasts of natural disasters, such as severe weather, droughts and floods, in North America, South America, Africa and the Asian/Australasian monsoon regions is of vital importance to the livelihood of millions of people who are affected by these events. In recent years the significance of major short-term climatic variability, and events such as the El Nino/Southern Oscillation in the Pacific, with its worldwide effect on rainfall patterns, has been all to clearly demonstrated. Understanding and predicting the intra-seasonal variability (ISV) of the ocean and atmosphere is crucial to improving long range environmental forecasts and the reliability of climate change projects through climate models. In the second edition of this classic book on the subject, the authors have updated the original chapters, where appropriate, and added a new chapter that includes short subjects representing substantial new development in ISV research since the publication of the first edition.

Book Tropical and Extratropical Air Sea Interactions

Download or read book Tropical and Extratropical Air Sea Interactions written by Swadhin Kumar Behera and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-11-18 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tropical and Extratropical Air-Sea Interactions: Modes of Climate Variations provides a thorough introduction to global atmospheric and oceanic processes, as well as tropical, subtropical and mid-latitude ocean-atmosphere interactions. Written by leading experts in the field, each chapter is dedicated to a specific topic of air-sea interactions (such as ENSO, IOD, Atlantic Nino, ENSO Modoki, and newly discovered coastal Niños/Niñas) and their teleconnections. As the first book to cover all topics of tropical and extra-tropical air-sea interactions and new modes of climate variations, this book is an excellent resource for researchers and students of ocean, atmospheric and climate sciences. - Presents case studies on the ocean-atmosphere phenomena, including El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Indian Ocean Dipole and different Nino/Nina phenomena - Provides a clear description of air-sea relationships across the world's ocean with an analysis of air-sea relations in different time scales and a focus on climate change - Includes prospects for air-sea interaction research, thus benefiting young researchers and students

Book Coupled Air sea land Interactions

Download or read book Coupled Air sea land Interactions written by Ajda Savarin and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) is the leading mode of tropical intraseasonal variability affecting the global weather and climate. The MJO is characterized by large-scale organized convection and its associated circulation that develops over the tropical Indian Ocean (IO) and propagates into the West Pacific Ocean (WP) across the Maritime Continent (MC). The MJO has direct impacts on extreme rainfall and flooding over the MC, Southeast Asia and north Australia and tropical cyclones over the IO. The MJO’s downstream influences include tropical cyclones, atmospheric rivers, heat waves, and episodes of drought and flooding. Though the MJO has been the subject of many observational and modeling studies, it remains a challenging phenomenon for both theoretical understanding and accurate prediction in global weather and climate models. The overarching goal of this dissertation is to better understand the physical processes affecting the eastward propagation of the MJO from the IO to the WP and improve MJO modeling and prediction. In contrast to many existing MJO studies, we use a novel approach of identifying and tracking MJO events through their large-scale precipitation. Identifying individual MJO events as a physical phenomenon enables us to study the MJO and its in- teraction with the atmosphere, ocean, and land in its environment. We begin by using high- resolution coupled atmosphere-ocean model simulations and satellite- and field campaignobservations to study the physical processes that impact the MJO’s eastward propagation over the IO (Chapters 2 and 3). We follow up by conducting coupled model sensitivity experiments to better understand the MC barrier effects on the MJO (Chapter 4). Finally, we use 20 years of satellite-derived precipitation observations to investigate the seasonal and interannual variability of the MJO eastward propagation and its zonal and meridional variability (Chapter 5). Our findings confirm that the eastward propagation of MJO convection/precipitation is affected by how it interacts with its local ocean and land environments, and is modulated by seasonal and interannual variability. We identify some critical pathways that can help improve MJO modeling and prediction through a better representation of:Chapter 2: The multi-scale convective structure of the MJO. Chapter 3: Air-sea interaction of the MJO and its effect on the upper ocean. Chapter 4: Air-sea-land interactions over the MC. We find that:• Cloud-permitting resolution is better able to represent the various scales on which pre- cipitation occurs within the MJO (convective, mesoscale, and large-scale organization), and how convection interacts with the marine boundary layer. • Strong surface winds and intense precipitation associated with the MJO induce sea surface temperature and upper ocean cooling. Reduced air-sea fluxes create an envi- ronment unfavorable for sustaining intense precipitation, contributing to the MJO’s eastward propagation. • Mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) forming over islands suppress convection over surrounding waters, over which the MJO prefers to propagate through the region. The land-based MCSs grow larger and more intense when MC topography is flattened, which enhances the MC barrier effect. We also show that on a broader scale, MJO convection/precipitation and eastward prop- agation are modulated by modes of seasonal and interannual variability (Chapter 5). The seasonal cycle significantly affects both the zonal and meridional structure of the MJO, including its initiation, termination, and eastward propagation. On longer time scales, cli- mate variability associated with sea surface temperature patterns over the Indian and Pacific oceans (ENSO, Indian ocean dipole) can shift low-level zonal wind convergence regions to- ward or away from the MC. Low-level zonal wind convergence can provide background ascent that amplifies MJO activity, and can strongly affect the zonal variability of the MJO. Unlike the direct link between SST variability and the MJO, upper-tropospheric zonal wind vari- ability associated with the QBO shows a strong seasonal dependence and generally much weaker control over MJO propagation. The strength of the MC barrier on MJO propagation also shows seasonal and interannual variability and is linked to a combination of the back- ground state and the location of MJO convection. The MC barrier effect is weakest during the peak monsoon seasons (Dec-Mar and June-Aug) and during La Niña months, and it is strongest during the monsoon transition seasons (Apr-Jun and Sep-Nov) and ENSO-neutral conditions.

Book Meteorological and Geoastrophysical Abstracts

Download or read book Meteorological and Geoastrophysical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Environmental Research Center Papers

Download or read book Environmental Research Center Papers written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Ocean Island Interactions in the Western Pacific

Download or read book Ocean Island Interactions in the Western Pacific written by Travis Allen Schramek and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coastal processes around islands encompass dynamics on a range of scales with physics that can differ from typical continental shelves due to steeper bathymetry, potentially allowing the surrounding basin waters to 'communicate' quickly to the shoreline. This thesis work advances our understanding about these interactions, using a unique set of nearshore oceanographic observations from around the island group encompassed by the Republic of Palau in the tropical western Pacific. The influence of large scale and climatic variability on nearshore island environments can be seen through an empirical model of fore reef temperature structure based on SST and sea level anomaly (SLA) made from nearly two decades of temperature observations (2-90m depth) from three stations around Palau. SLA complements SST by providing a proxy for vertical isotherm displacements driven by local and remote winds on intraseasonal to interannual time scales. Thermal stress on coral ecosystems can now be forecast into the mesophotic zone using this means of predicting subsurface temperatures which are easily accessible for the tropical Pacific. Baroclinic variability around islands has multiple drivers on a range of time scales. Observations of temperature and currents from around the main island group of Palau exhibit a persistent presence of baroclinic coastally trapped waves and internal tides. The largest amplitude signals of coastally trapped waves in fore reef temperature were concurrent with the passage of Typhoon Haiyan, which crossed the northern most Palauan islands in November of 2013. The sub-inertial signals present after Typhoon Haiyan were tracked propagating around the island group for upwards of a week after the typhoon passed. Internal tides were also deemed to be present, but with varying amplitude and phase modulating in and out of phase with the local surface tide. Surface currents impinging upon Palau have a direct impact on the local sea level field around the island group. An array of nearshore pressure gauges, in depths of 20-28 m, encircling the island group and a high resolution (1/120° x 1/120°) regional circulation model are used to examine the space-time characteristics of the flow in a channel in the southern extent of Palau in comparison to the large-scale currents near the island group. A balance between the along-channel pressure difference and bottom friction in the channel was inferred based on the current and pressure observations and the high-resolution model simulations. A drag coefficient for the channel, computed using in situ observations, is O(10-3-10-4). Variations in large-scale zonal currents correlate with the pressure difference across the channel as well as the along-channel flow. The model simulations indicate that as the large-scale flow impinges on the island group, topographic blocking results in a pressure difference on either side of the island which causes a pressure gradient along the channel. The fore reef waters of Palau are shown to be influenced by a range of dynamics across all spatial and temporal scales of our observations. There is an apparent omnipresence of both internal tides and coastally trapped waves throughout the observational window which provide a regular cycling of temperature at depth. These waves have their largest effects at the thermocline, the depth of which can be estimated in this region using only surface variables, as described above. Together, our assessments of these dynamics provide an enhanced perspective on the potential for thermal conditioning of benthic communities living on the outer reef slopes and an advanced perspective of how the large-scale oceanographic field translates to the fore reef environment.

Book Intraseasonal Variability in the Atmosphere Ocean Climate System

Download or read book Intraseasonal Variability in the Atmosphere Ocean Climate System written by William K.-M. Lau and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-06-10 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first comprehensive review of intra-seasonal variability (ISV); the contents are balanced between observation, theory and modeling. Starting with an overview of ISV and historical observations, the book addresses the coupling between ocean and atmosphere, and the worldwide role of ISV in monsoon variability. Also considered are the connections between oscillations like the Madden, Julian and El Nino/Southern and short-term climate.

Book Understanding the Scale Interaction of Atmospheric Transient Disturbances and Its Coupling with the Hydrological Cycle Over the Pacific North American Regions

Download or read book Understanding the Scale Interaction of Atmospheric Transient Disturbances and Its Coupling with the Hydrological Cycle Over the Pacific North American Regions written by Tianyu Jiang and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Large-scale atmospheric disturbances play important roles in determining the general circulation of the atmosphere during the North Pacific boreal winter. A number of scientific questions have been raised due to these disturbances' spatial and temporal complexity as well as the hydrological implication associated with them. In this dissertation, the principal goal is to further improve our understanding of the atmospheric high frequency (HF) and intermediate frequency (IF) disturbances active over the North Pacific. The study focuses on their energetics, intraseasonal and interannual variability, and the resulting hydrological impact over the eastern North Pacific and Western U.S. including extreme events. To delineate the characteristics of HF and IF disturbances in the troposphere, we first derive a new set of equations governing the local eddy kinetic energy (EKE), and assess the critical processes maintaining local budgets of the HF and IF EKE. The diagnosis assesses the 3-D patterns of energy flux convergence (EFC), barotropic conversion (BT), baroclinic conversion (BC), and cross-frequency eddy-eddy interaction (CFEI). The local EKE budget analysis is followed by an investigation of the modulation of HF and IF eddy activity by different modes of low frequency climate variability. On interannual timescales, the response of various local energetic processes to El Niñ̃o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) determines the HF and IF EKE anomalies and the role of CFEI process is important in producing these anomalies. Also on interannual timescales, winter precipitation deficits associated with suppressed cyclonic activity, i.e., negative HF EKE anomalies, are linked to severe droughts over the U.S. Southern Great Plain (SGP) region. The suppressed cyclonic activity is, in turn, tied to phase changes in the West Pacific (WP) teleconnection pattern. On intraseasonal timescales, variations in HF disturbances (a.k.a. storm tracks) over the North Pacific are closely coupled with tropical convection anomalies induced by the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO), and partly drive larger scale intraseasonal flow anomalies in this region through eddy-eddy interactions. Anomalous HF eddy activity induces subseasonal transitions between "wet" and "dry" regimes over the west coast of North America. Also on intraseasonal timescales, the East Asian cold surge (EACS) is found to provide a remote forcing of the winter precipitation anomalies in the western U.S. This modulation is achieved through "atmospheric rivers" (ARs), which are narrow channels of concentrated moisture transport in the atmosphere and are responsible for over 70% of the extreme precipitation events in the western U.S. EACS effectively modulates the IF disturbance activity over the North Pacific, and the anomalous IF disturbances lead to the formation of an AR over the eastern North Pacific that ultimately induces precipitation anomalies in the western U.S. Analyses of the simulations from the NCAR Community Climate System Model version 4 (CCSM4) demonstrate that the connections among the EACS, AR and western U.S. precipitation are better captured by a model with higher spatial resolutions. The improved simulation of these connections is achieved mainly through a better representation of the IF disturbances, and the associated scale-interaction processes in the higher resolution model.

Book Climate Change in Southeast Asia and Surrounding Areas

Download or read book Climate Change in Southeast Asia and Surrounding Areas written by Song Yang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-11-02 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is mainly focused on the climate change in Southeast Asia and its adjacent regions. It summarizes results from recent scientific research based on observational analysis, data diagnosis, theoretical analysis, and model simulations. The book covers the following research areas: (1) characteristics and mechanisms of spring–summer atmospheric circulation systems, (2) ocean-atmosphere-land interaction and climate variability, (3) climate effect of the Tibetan Plateau, (4) attribution of regional climate change and feedback/impact of regional climate on the global climate, and (5) seasonal-to-subseasonal climate prediction. It is anticipated that the book provides useful information for enhancing our understanding of the change in climate over Southeast Asia and the adjacent regions.

Book A Multi scale Study of the Dynamical Processes of the Tropical Pacific Ocean

Download or read book A Multi scale Study of the Dynamical Processes of the Tropical Pacific Ocean written by Autumn Noel Kidwell and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, it has been observed that there are different types of El Niño events. The warm events can be divided into two categories: those centered in the central Pacific (CP) and those centered in the eastern Pacific (EP). We examined the variability of western Pacific warm pool (WP) horizontal migration and size from January 1982 to December 2011 by applying Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) and Hilbert Huang Spectrum (HHS) to the optimally interpolated sea surface temperature (OISST) data set. The analysis shows that the long-term residual trend of the zonal centroid movement is migrating to the west by 3.78° from the mean location during the past 30 years. The size of the warm pool has also increased 18% during this period. These analysis techniques isolated two separate time series for the migration of the zonal component of the WPWP for both CP and EP events and showed that these two types of El Niño generally operate at different time-scales. The EP time-series shows the strong traditional EP El Niño and the transition between strong El Niño conditions and La Niña conditions. The CP time-series shows that CP El Niños occur more often than EP El Niños. The changes of the El Niño type in conjunction with westward drift and increasing warm pool size shows an interesting multidecadal change in the warm pool. To extend the centroid study, we also examine the role of the Western Pacific Warm Pool (WP) in the past thirty years of mixed interannual variability, decadal variability, and climate change. Our analysis method involves a multi-dimensional study of the vertical centroid migration, volume, and heat content of the WP and an application of the advanced time-series analysis technique known as Multidimensional Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (MEEMD). We show the 30-year evolution of the warm pool and how it interacts with the PDO, ENSO, and anthropogenic climate forcing mechanisms. Our results show that the WP increasing in size and increasing in heat content anomaly in response to global warming forcing. The variability of the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ) is evaluated using ocean surface wind products derived from the ERA-Interim atmospheric reanalysis for the period of 1981-2014 and QuickSCAT satellite scatterometer for the period of 1999- 2009. From these products, indices were developed to represent the SPCZ strength, area, and centroid location. Excellent agreement is found between the indices derived from the two wind products during the QuikSCAT period in terms of the spatiotemporal structures of the SPCZ. The longer ERA-Interim product is used to study the variations of SPCZ properties on intraseasonal, seasonal, interannual, and decadal time scales. The SPCZ strength, area, and centroid latitude have a dominant seasonal cycle. In contrast, the SPCZ centroid longitude is dominated by intraseasonal variability due to MJO influence. The SPCZ indices are all correlated with El Niño-Southern Oscillation indices. Interannual and intraseasonal variations of SPCZ strength during strong El Niño are approximately twice as large as the respective seasonal variations. SPCZ strength depends more on the intensity of El Niño rather than the central vs. eastern-Pacific type. The change from positive to negative PDO around 1999 results in a westward shift of the SPCZ centroid longitude, much smaller interannual swing in centroid latitude, and a decrease in SPCZ area. This study improves the understanding of the variations of the SPCZ on multiple time scales and reveals the variations of SPCZ strength not reported previously. The diagnostics analyses can be used to evaluate climate models to gauge their fidelity. We have analyzed multiple data sets (wind, SST, heat content) in an effort to better understand the the WP and the SPCZ. As a major component of the tropical Pacific Ocean dynamics and global climate dynamics, these two intertwined components are critical to study. This is especially true in the context of global climate change.

Book Interacting Climates of Ocean Basins

Download or read book Interacting Climates of Ocean Basins written by Carlos R. Mechoso and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-11-26 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive review of interactions between the climates of different ocean basins and their key contributions to global climate variability and change. Providing essential theory and discussing outstanding examples as well as impacts on monsoons, it a useful resource for graduate students and researchers in the atmospheric and ocean sciences.