Download or read book Large Language Model Based Solutions written by Shreyas Subramanian and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-04-02 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn to build cost-effective apps using Large Language Models In Large Language Model-Based Solutions: How to Deliver Value with Cost-Effective Generative AI Applications, Principal Data Scientist at Amazon Web Services, Shreyas Subramanian, delivers a practical guide for developers and data scientists who wish to build and deploy cost-effective large language model (LLM)-based solutions. In the book, you'll find coverage of a wide range of key topics, including how to select a model, pre- and post-processing of data, prompt engineering, and instruction fine tuning. The author sheds light on techniques for optimizing inference, like model quantization and pruning, as well as different and affordable architectures for typical generative AI (GenAI) applications, including search systems, agent assists, and autonomous agents. You'll also find: Effective strategies to address the challenge of the high computational cost associated with LLMs Assistance with the complexities of building and deploying affordable generative AI apps, including tuning and inference techniques Selection criteria for choosing a model, with particular consideration given to compact, nimble, and domain-specific models Perfect for developers and data scientists interested in deploying foundational models, or business leaders planning to scale out their use of GenAI, Large Language Model-Based Solutions will also benefit project leaders and managers, technical support staff, and administrators with an interest or stake in the subject.

Download or read book Large Language Models LLMs written by Jagdish Krishanlal Arora and published by Jagdish Krishanlal Arora. This book was released on 2024-03-28 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized the field of artificial intelligence (AI), enabling computers to understand and generate human-like text on an unprecedented scale. In this comprehensive summary, we explore the intricacies of LLMs, their evolution, applications, benefits, challenges, and future prospects. Evolution of LLMs: The journey of LLMs began with early language models like Word2Vec and GloVe, which laid the foundation for understanding word embeddings. The breakthrough came with transformers, particularly the introduction of GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) series by OpenAI, including GPT-2, GPT-3, and beyond. These models leverage self-attention mechanisms and massive amounts of data for training, leading to remarkable improvements in language understanding and generation capabilities. Applications of LLMs: LLMs find applications across diverse domains, including natural language processing (NLP), machine translation, chatbots, question answering systems, text summarization, sentiment analysis, and more. They power virtual assistants like Siri and Alexa, facilitate language translation services, aid in content creation, and enhance user experiences in various digital platforms. Benefits of LLMs: The key benefits of LLMs include their versatility, scalability, and adaptability. A single model can perform multiple tasks, reducing the need for specialized models for each application. Moreover, LLMs can be fine-tuned with minimal data, making them accessible to a wide range of users. Their performance continues to improve with more data and parameters, driving innovation and advancement in AI research. Challenges and Limitations: Despite their impressive capabilities, LLMs face challenges such as bias, explainability, and accessibility. Biases in training data can lead to biased outputs, while the complex inner workings of LLMs make it challenging to understand their decision-making processes. Moreover, access to large-scale computing resources and expertise is limited, hindering widespread adoption and development. Future Prospects: The future of LLMs holds immense potential, with ongoing research focused on addressing challenges and expanding capabilities. Efforts are underway to mitigate bias, improve explainability, and enhance accessibility. Advancements in LLMs are expected to drive innovation in AI-driven applications, revolutionizing industries and reshaping human-computer interaction. In conclusion, Large Language Models represent a significant milestone in AI research, offering unprecedented capabilities in understanding and generating human-like text. While they present challenges and limitations, ongoing efforts to overcome these hurdles pave the way for a future where LLMs play a central role in shaping the AI landscape. As we continue to unravel the wonders of LLMs, the possibilities for innovation and discovery are limitless

Download or read book Large Language Models Projects written by Pere Martra Manonelles and published by Apress. This book was released on 2024-10-20 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers you a hands-on experience using models from OpenAI and the Hugging Face library. You will use various tools and work on small projects, gradually applying the new knowledge you gain. The book is divided into three parts. Part one covers techniques and libraries. Here, you'll explore different techniques through small examples, preparing to build projects in the next section. You'll learn to use common libraries in the world of Large Language Models. Topics and technologies covered include chatbots, code generation, OpenAI API, Hugging Face, vector databases, LangChain, fine tuning, PEFT fine tuning, soft prompt tuning, LoRA, QLoRA, evaluating models, and Direct Preference Optimization. Part two focuses on projects. You'll create projects, understanding design decisions. Each project may have more than one possible implementation, as there is often not just one good solution. You'll also explore LLMOps-related topics. Part three delves into enterprise solutions. Large Language Models are not a standalone solution; in large corporate environments, they are one piece of the puzzle. You'll explore how to structure solutions capable of transforming organizations with thousands of employees, highlighting the main role that Large Language Models play in these new solutions. This book equips you to confidently navigate and implement Large Language Models, empowering you to tackle diverse challenges in the evolving landscape of language processing. What You Will Learn Gain practical experience by working with models from OpenAI and the Hugging Face library Use essential libraries relevant to Large Language Models, covering topics such as Chatbots, Code Generation, OpenAI API, Hugging Face, and Vector databases Create and implement projects using LLM while understanding the design decisions involved Understand the role of Large Language Models in larger corporate settings Who This Book Is For Data analysts, data science, Python developers, and software professionals interested in learning the foundations of NLP, LLMs, and the processes of building modern LLM applications for various tasks

Download or read book The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Large Language Models Practical Guide written by Anand Vemula and published by Anand Vemula. This book was released on with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part 1: The Power of Language LLMs Demystified: Imagine a computer program that can understand and respond to human language like a super-powered assistant. That's the magic of LLMs! Trained on vast amounts of text data, they can translate languages, write different creative formats, and even answer your questions in an informative way. A World of Possibilities: The applications of LLMs are vast. They personalize learning experiences, assist researchers with data analysis, and even help with creative writing. Imagine a future where chatbots become indistinguishable from humans, or a world where language barriers disappear with real-time translation. Part 2: Unveiling the Open-Source Stars The Heavyweights: Meet LLaMA and BLOOM, the powerhouses of open-source LLMs. LLaMA tackles not just text but also understands images and code, making it a versatile tool. BLOOM shines in multilingual processing, understanding and responding in a vast array of languages. Familiar Faces: GPT-J and GPT-NeoX bring the power of GPT technology to the open-source world. GPT-J offers a balance between performance and accessibility, while GPT-NeoX is a powerhouse for those with high-end machines. Specialized Stars: Falcon and BART showcase the diversity of open-source LLMs. Falcon excels at generating creative text formats like poems or scripts, while BART masters understanding complex factual language, perfect for question answering and summarizing information. Part 3: Working with Your LLM Accessing and Running: Whether you have a powerful computer or limited resources, this section equips you with the knowledge to set up your environment. Explore local installations or discover cloud-based solutions to run your chosen LLM. The Art of Prompt Engineering: Unlocking the true potential of LLMs lies in "prompt engineering." Learn to craft clear, specific instructions that guide the LLM towards your desired outcome. By providing context and examples, you'll achieve impressive results. Fine-Tuning for Specificity: Pre-trained models are a great starting point, but fine-tuning takes it further. This process exposes the LLM to data specific to your task, significantly improving its accuracy and performance for specialized applications. This book empowers you to navigate the world of open-source LLMs responsibly. Explore the future of AI, where language models become powerful tools for communication, creativity, and problem-solving.

Download or read book Large Language Models Projects written by Pere Martra and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Ultimate Guide to Open Source Large Language Models Practical Guide written by Anand Vemula and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2024-05-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part 1: The Power of Language LLMs Demystified: Imagine a computer program that can understand and respond to human language like a super-powered assistant. That's the magic of LLMs! Trained on vast amounts of text data, they can translate languages, write different creative formats, and even answer your questions in an informative way. A World of Possibilities: The applications of LLMs are vast. They personalize learning experiences, assist researchers with data analysis, and even help with creative writing. Imagine a future where chatbots become indistinguishable from humans, or a world where language barriers disappear with real-time translation. Part 2: Unveiling the Open-Source Stars The Heavyweights: Meet LLaMA and BLOOM, the powerhouses of open-source LLMs. LLaMA tackles not just text but also understands images and code, making it a versatile tool. BLOOM shines in multilingual processing, understanding and responding in a vast array of languages. Familiar Faces: GPT-J and GPT-NeoX bring the power of GPT technology to the open-source world. GPT-J offers a balance between performance and accessibility, while GPT-NeoX is a powerhouse for those with high-end machines. Specialized Stars: Falcon and BART showcase the diversity of open-source LLMs. Falcon excels at generating creative text formats like poems or scripts, while BART masters understanding complex factual language, perfect for question answering and summarizing information. Part 3: Working with Your LLM Accessing and Running: Whether you have a powerful computer or limited resources, this section equips you with the knowledge to set up your environment. Explore local installations or discover cloud-based solutions to run your chosen LLM. The Art of Prompt Engineering: Unlocking the true potential of LLMs lies in "prompt engineering." Learn to craft clear, specific instructions that guide the LLM towards your desired outcome. By providing context and examples, you'll achieve impressive results. Fine-Tuning for Specificity: Pre-trained models are a great starting point, but fine-tuning takes it further. This process exposes the LLM to data specific to your task, significantly improving its accuracy and performance for specialized applications. This book empowers you to navigate the world of open-source LLMs responsibly. Explore the future of AI, where language models become powerful tools for communication, creativity, and problem-solving.

Download or read book Large Language Models LLM and API s written by Anand Vemula and published by Anand Vemula. This book was released on with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Large Language Models API represents a transformative advancement in natural language processing (NLP), offering developers unparalleled access to state-of-the-art language models such as GPT-3. This API serves as a gateway to immense computational power and linguistic capabilities, empowering applications across diverse domains. At its core, the API provides seamless integration with existing software systems, enabling developers to harness the power of large language models without the complexities of model training and infrastructure management. By simply sending text inputs to the API, developers can receive rich, context-aware responses, opening new avenues for innovation in human-computer interaction. The API's capabilities span a wide range of tasks, including text generation, summarization, translation, sentiment analysis, and more. Whether automating content creation, enhancing customer service experiences, or powering virtual assistants, the API offers versatile solutions tailored to various use cases. Key features of the Large Language Models API include robust performance, scalability, and reliability. With access to vast amounts of training data and sophisticated neural network architectures, the API consistently delivers high-quality results across different languages and domains. Additionally, its scalable infrastructure ensures smooth operation even under heavy workloads, making it suitable for applications of any scale. Ethical considerations are paramount in AI development, and the API prioritizes responsible usage through features such as content moderation and bias detection. Developers can leverage these tools to mitigate the risks of misinformation, bias, and privacy violations, fostering trust and integrity in their applications. The API's documentation and developer resources provide comprehensive guidance for integration and usage, catering to developers of all skill levels. Additionally, community support and online forums offer opportunities for collaboration and knowledge sharing, driving innovation and collective learning. As the field of NLP continues to evolve, the Large Language Models API remains at the forefront of innovation, with ongoing updates and improvements to meet the evolving needs of developers and users alike. By leveraging the API's capabilities responsibly and creatively, developers can unlock new possibilities and redefine the boundaries of human-computer interaction.

Download or read book Large Language Models written by Oswald Campesato and published by Stylus Publishing, LLC. This book was released on 2024-09-17 with total page 517 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book begins with an overview of the Generative AI landscape, distinguishing it from conversational AI and shedding light on the roles of key players like DeepMind and OpenAI. It then reviews the intricacies of ChatGPT, GPT-4, Meta AI, Claude 3, and Gemini, examining their capabilities, strengths, and competitors. Readers will also gain insights into the BERT family of LLMs, including ALBERT, DistilBERT, and XLNet, and how these models have revolutionized natural language processing. Further, the book covers prompt engineering techniques, essential for optimizing the outputs of AI models, and addresses the challenges of working with LLMs, including the phenomenon of hallucinations and the nuances of fine-tuning these advanced models. Designed for software developers, AI researchers, and technology enthusiasts with a foundational understanding of AI, this book offers both theoretical insights and practical code examples in Python. Companion files with code, figures, and datasets are available for downloading from the publisher. FEATURES: Covers in-depth explanations of foundational and advanced LLM concepts, including BERT, GPT-4, and prompt engineering Uses practical Python code samples in leveraging LLM functionalities effectively Discusses future trends, ethical considerations, and the evolving landscape of AI technologies Includes companion files with code, datasets, and images from the book -- available from the publisher for downloading (with proof of purchase)

Download or read book Large Language Models Unleashing the Power of AI for Everyone written by Anand Vemula and published by Anand Vemula. This book was released on with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Have you ever spoken to a machine that felt real? This book will show you how! Large Language Models (LLMs) are revolutionizing the way we interact with technology. These powerful AI systems can hold conversations, generate creative text formats, and even translate languages. But LLMs aren't just for tech giants anymore. This book breaks down the complex world of LLMs in a clear and engaging way, making it accessible to everyone. Inside you'll discover: What LLMs are and how they work (no technical jargon!) How LLMs can be used in your everyday life, from writing emails to sparking creative ideas The exciting possibilities of LLMs for the future, from smarter chatbots to personalized education tools Important considerations like bias and fairness in AI Whether you're a curious beginner or someone who wants to leverage the power of AI, this book is your guide to unlocking the potential of Large Language Models.

Download or read book Mastering Large Language Models written by Sanket Subhash Khandare and published by BPB Publications. This book was released on 2024-03-12 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Do not just talk AI, build it: Your guide to LLM application development KEY FEATURES ● Explore NLP basics and LLM fundamentals, including essentials, challenges, and model types. ● Learn data handling and pre-processing techniques for efficient data management. ● Understand neural networks overview, including NN basics, RNNs, CNNs, and transformers. ● Strategies and examples for harnessing LLMs. DESCRIPTION Transform your business landscape with the formidable prowess of large language models (LLMs). The book provides you with practical insights, guiding you through conceiving, designing, and implementing impactful LLM-driven applications. This book explores NLP fundamentals like applications, evolution, components and language models. It teaches data pre-processing, neural networks , and specific architectures like RNNs, CNNs, and transformers. It tackles training challenges, advanced techniques such as GANs, meta-learning, and introduces top LLM models like GPT-3 and BERT. It also covers prompt engineering. Finally, it showcases LLM applications and emphasizes responsible development and deployment. With this book as your compass, you will navigate the ever-evolving landscape of LLM technology, staying ahead of the curve with the latest advancements and industry best practices. WHAT YOU WILL LEARN ● Grasp fundamentals of natural language processing (NLP) applications. ● Explore advanced architectures like transformers and their applications. ● Master techniques for training large language models effectively. ● Implement advanced strategies, such as meta-learning and self-supervised learning. ● Learn practical steps to build custom language model applications. WHO THIS BOOK IS FOR This book is tailored for those aiming to master large language models, including seasoned researchers, data scientists, developers, and practitioners in natural language processing (NLP). TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Fundamentals of Natural Language Processing 2. Introduction to Language Models 3. Data Collection and Pre-processing for Language Modeling 4. Neural Networks in Language Modeling 5. Neural Network Architectures for Language Modeling 6. Transformer-based Models for Language Modeling 7. Training Large Language Models 8. Advanced Techniques for Language Modeling 9. Top Large Language Models 10. Building First LLM App 11. Applications of LLMs 12. Ethical Considerations 13. Prompt Engineering 14. Future of LLMs and Its Impact

Download or read book Artificial Intelligence Applications and Innovations written by Ilias Maglogiannis and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-05-31 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This two-volume set of IFIP-AICT 675 and 676 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 19th IFIP WG 12.5 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Applications and Innovations, AIAI 2023, held in León, Spain, during June 14–17, 2023. This event was held in hybrid mode. The 75 regular papers and 17 short papers presented in this two-volume set were carefully reviewed and selected from 185 submissions. The papers cover the following topics: Deep Learning (Reinforcement/Recurrent Gradient Boosting/Adversarial); Agents/Case Based Reasoning/Sentiment Analysis; Biomedical - Image Analysis; CNN - Convolutional Neural Networks YOLO CNN; Cyber Security/Anomaly Detection; Explainable AI/Social Impact of AI; Graph Neural Networks/Constraint Programming; IoT/Fuzzy Modeling/Augmented Reality; LEARNING (Active-AutoEncoders-Federated); Machine Learning; Natural Language; Optimization-Genetic Programming; Robotics; Spiking NN; and Text Mining /Transfer Learning.

Download or read book Web and Big Data APWeb WAIM 2023 International Workshops written by Xiangyu Song and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Artificial Intelligence Ethics and International Law written by Abhivardhan and published by BPB Publications. This book was released on 2023-12-01 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unveiling the future: Navigating AI's Intricate Intersection with International Law – A Journey Beyond Hype and Governance KEY FEATURES ● Comprehensive overview of AI ethics and international law. ● Exploration of pragmatic approaches to AI governance. ● Navigation of global legal dynamics. ● Soft law recommendations for responsible AI development. DESCRIPTION Dive into the dynamic realm of AI governance with this groundbreaking book. Offering cutting-edge insights, it explores the intricate intersection of artificial intelligence and international law. Readers gain invaluable perspectives on navigating the evolving AI landscape, understanding global legal dynamics, and delving into the nuances of responsible AI governance. Packed with pragmatic approaches, the book is an essential guide for professionals, policymakers, and scholars seeking a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted challenges and opportunities presented by AI in the global legal arena. The book begins by examining the fundamental concepts of AI ethics and its recognition within international law. It then delves into the challenges of governing AI in a rapidly evolving technological landscape, highlighting the need for pragmatic and flexible approaches to AI regulation. Subsequent chapters explore the diverse perspectives on AI classification and recognition, from legal visibility frameworks to the ISAIL Classifications of Artificial Intelligence. The book also examines the far-reaching implications of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) and digital colonialism, addressing the ethical dilemmas and potential dangers of these emerging technologies. In conclusion, the book proposes a path toward self-regulation and offers soft law recommendations to guide the responsible development and deployment of AI. It emphasizes the importance of international cooperation and collaboration in addressing the ethical and legal challenges posed by AI, ensuring that AI's transformative power is harnessed for the benefit of all humanity. WHAT YOU WILL LEARN ● Understand AI's impact on global legal frameworks. ● Navigate complexities of AI governance and responsible practices. ● Explore innovative AI applications and economic dimensions. ● Grasp legal visibility, privacy doctrines, and classification methods. ● Assess the evolution from Narrow AI to AGI and digital colonialism. ● Gain insights into self-regulation and the future of AI. WHO THIS BOOK IS FOR This book is tailored for professionals, policymakers, and scholars seeking a comprehensive understanding of AI's intersection with international law. While no specific prerequisites are necessary, a foundational awareness of AI concepts and legal frameworks will enhance the reader's engagement with the material. TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 1: Introduction 1. Artificial Intelligence and International Law SECTION 2: Technology Governance 2. Pragmatism in Governing AI 3. The Innovation and Economics of AI SECTION 3: Classification and Recognition of Artificial Intelligence 4. Legal Visibility 5. The Privacy Doctrine 6. The ISAIL Classifications of Artificial Intelligence SECTION 4: Artificial Intelligence in a Multi-polar World 7. AGI and Digital Colonialism 8. Self-Regulating the Future of AI

Download or read book Machine Learning Upgrade written by Kristen Kehrer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-07-29 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A much-needed guide to implementing new technology in workspaces From experts in the field comes Machine Learning Upgrade: A Data Scientist's Guide to MLOps, LLMs, and ML Infrastructure, a book that provides data scientists and managers with best practices at the intersection of management, large language models (LLMs), machine learning, and data science. This groundbreaking book will change the way that you view the pipeline of data science. The authors provide an introduction to modern machine learning, showing you how it can be viewed as a holistic, end-to-end system—not just shiny new gadget in an otherwise unchanged operational structure. By adopting a data-centric view of the world, you can begin to see unstructured data and LLMs as the foundation upon which you can build countless applications and business solutions. This book explores a whole world of decision making that hasn't been codified yet, enabling you to forge the future using emerging best practices. Gain an understanding of the intersection between large language models and unstructured data Follow the process of building an LLM-powered application while leveraging MLOps techniques such as data versioning and experiment tracking Discover best practices for training, fine tuning, and evaluating LLMs Integrate LLM applications within larger systems, monitor their performance, and retrain them on new data This book is indispensable for data professionals and business leaders looking to understand LLMs and the entire data science pipeline.

Download or read book Practical Solutions for Diverse Real World NLP Applications written by Mourad Abbas and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2024-02-10 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book unveils the most advanced techniques and innovative applications in the natural language processing (NLP) field. It uncovers the secrets to enhancing language understanding, and presents practical solutions to different NLP tasks, as text augmentation, paraphrase generation, and restoring spaces and punctuation in multiple languages. It unlocks the potential of hierarchical multi-task learning for cross-lingual phoneme recognition, and allows readers to explore more real-world applications such as error correction, aggregating industrial security findings as well as predicting music emotion values from social media conversations. "Practical Solutions for Diverse Real-World NLP Applications" is the suitable guidebook for researchers, students, and practitioners as it paves the way for them by delivering invaluable insights and knowledge.

Download or read book Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering written by Dirk Beyer and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Build a Large Language Model From Scratch written by Sebastian Raschka and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2024-10-29 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn how to create, train, and tweak large language models (LLMs) by building one from the ground up! In Build a Large Language Model (from Scratch) bestselling author Sebastian Raschka guides you step by step through creating your own LLM. Each stage is explained with clear text, diagrams, and examples. You’ll go from the initial design and creation, to pretraining on a general corpus, and on to fine-tuning for specific tasks. Build a Large Language Model (from Scratch) teaches you how to: • Plan and code all the parts of an LLM • Prepare a dataset suitable for LLM training • Fine-tune LLMs for text classification and with your own data • Use human feedback to ensure your LLM follows instructions • Load pretrained weights into an LLM Build a Large Language Model (from Scratch) takes you inside the AI black box to tinker with the internal systems that power generative AI. As you work through each key stage of LLM creation, you’ll develop an in-depth understanding of how LLMs work, their limitations, and their customization methods. Your LLM can be developed on an ordinary laptop, and used as your own personal assistant. About the technology Physicist Richard P. Feynman reportedly said, “I don’t understand anything I can’t build.” Based on this same powerful principle, bestselling author Sebastian Raschka guides you step by step as you build a GPT-style LLM that you can run on your laptop. This is an engaging book that covers each stage of the process, from planning and coding to training and fine-tuning. About the book Build a Large Language Model (From Scratch) is a practical and eminently-satisfying hands-on journey into the foundations of generative AI. Without relying on any existing LLM libraries, you’ll code a base model, evolve it into a text classifier, and ultimately create a chatbot that can follow your conversational instructions. And you’ll really understand it because you built it yourself! What's inside • Plan and code an LLM comparable to GPT-2 • Load pretrained weights • Construct a complete training pipeline • Fine-tune your LLM for text classification • Develop LLMs that follow human instructions About the reader Readers need intermediate Python skills and some knowledge of machine learning. The LLM you create will run on any modern laptop and can optionally utilize GPUs. About the author Sebastian Raschka is a Staff Research Engineer at Lightning AI, where he works on LLM research and develops open-source software. The technical editor on this book was David Caswell. Table of Contents 1 Understanding large language models 2 Working with text data 3 Coding attention mechanisms 4 Implementing a GPT model from scratch to generate text 5 Pretraining on unlabeled data 6 Fine-tuning for classification 7 Fine-tuning to follow instructions A Introduction to PyTorch B References and further reading C Exercise solutions D Adding bells and whistles to the training loop E Parameter-efficient fine-tuning with LoRA