Download or read book Large Aperture Optical Modulator Materials Lead Lanthanum Zirconate Titanate Ceramic and Lithium Niobate Crystal Show Promise as Modulator Materials for Optical Transmitters with Up to 6 inch Apertures written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Six categories of active optical materials were found to qualify as potential large-aperture optical modulator material candidates. Two of these, the electro-optical linear Pockels lithium niobate crystals and the ferroelectric ceramic lead lanthanum zirconate titanate wafers showed real promise. Both of these satisfy the requirements of field of view, optical quality, frequency response, and economic availability, and both performed above expectations when tested in an actual optical communications test link. Interdigital lithium niobate electrodes buried on both large optical surfaces of the crystal may further reduce half-wave voltage requirements as well as arcing problems encountered in past experiments. The structural integrity of the ceramic wafer could be increased by developing a bonded version. Optical modulators of increased are structure of smaller elements.

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 996 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.

Download or read book Government Reports Announcements Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 828 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Journal of Current Laser Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 848 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 1308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Thin film Lithium Niobate Technology written by Renyuan Wang and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lacking inversion symmetry in the crystal structure of LiNbO3 manifest itself as the material's strong piezoelectric and converse-piezoelectric effect, pyroelectric effect, electro-optic effect, optical nonlinearity and photorefractive effect. In addition, the material exhibits low acoustic loss, and low optical loss in the infrared range. In this work, I investigated the possibility of combining these properties with the highly versatile micro-fabricated structures on a layer transferred LiNbO3 thin film platform to achieve novel devices or improve the performance of existing device technologies. First, I focused on components for multi-frequency RF front-end applications. Specifically, I demonstrated LiNbO3 thin-film contour mode resonators (CMRs) for multi-frequency wide bandwidth RF filters. The resonators exhibit mechanical Q ranging from 1,000 to over 3,000, and kt2 ranging from 4% to 15%. The highest kt2 xQ demonstrated is 194. Along with the high Q and high kt2, comes with the low motional impedance, which is important for achieve low filter insertion loss. In addition, the resonator frequencies are defined by photolithography, thus enabling devices with different frequencies to be integrated on a single chip. On a single chip, I demonstrated resonators with frequencies ranging from 400MHz to 2GHz. As the achievable bandwidth of the filter is ultimately limited by the electro-mechanical coupling factor (kt2) of the resonators, while the roll-off is determined by resonator quality factor (Q). Therefore, LiNbO3 thin-film CMR technology shows great potential in achieving filters with wide bandwidth, steep roll-off and low insertion loss. In the meantime, I also investigated low temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) LiTaO3 thin-film resonators for oscilla- tor applications, another key component for multi-frequency RF front-ends. As LiTaO3 also exhibits low acoustic loss and strong piezoelectric effect, LiTaO3 CMRs also have high mechanical Q and kt2, which is important to achieve low oscillator phase noise, jitter and good power handling capability. With the capability of multi-frequency integration, I demonstrated resonators with frequencies ranging from 500MHz to 900MHz and a TCF as low as 16ppm/K and Q as high as 3200. In addition, these devices exhibit low motional impedance (10-20), which is important for the power handling for oscillator application. While commercial markets demand multi-frequency band-select duplexer and diplexer filters, with fractional bandwidth (BW) ranging from 3% to 10%, steep filter roll-off and low insertion loss; components for reconfigurable RF front-ends are actively pursued for defense applications. In this work, frequency programmable RF MEMS resonators for reconfigurable RF front-ends is investigate. Exploiting tip based piezoelectric domain engineering in LiNbO3 thin film, the mechanical resonance coupled by the electrode transducers can be programmed. Therefore, resonator frequency can be "written" and "erased". Particularly, a 681MHz resonance peak is "written" on the programmable resonator and "erased". Finally, LiNbO3 thin-film disk resonators are demonstrated exhibiting intrinsic optical quality factor of 484k, which is highest demonstrated from thin-film LiNbO3 resonators to date. Taking advantage of the high quality factor, acousto-optic modulation is demonstrated. As a demonstration of concept, electrical field is applied to the photonic disk resonator through a metal probe, and causes modulation of the optical carrier. A 35dBm beat note between the optical carrier and the modulated side band was generated from the photodetector. The thin-film LN platform can open up paths to many novel and high performance devices. Presented here are building blocks for RF and photonic applications. Combin- ing mechanical resonators with optical ones, acousto-optic modulator is also demonstrated. In parallel, leveraging piezoelectric domain engineering, reconfigurable RF front-end can also be achieved. Moving forward, other novel devices (chip-scale optical frequency combs, high efficiency chip scale optical frequency doubling and THz generation) can be achieved leveraging other multi-domain coupling properties of LiNbO3 with the building blocks demonstrated here.

Download or read book Optical Switching written by Tarek S. El-Bawab and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-11 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applications of optical switching in network elements and communication networks are discussed in considerable depth. Optical circuits, packet, and burst switching are all included. Composed of distinct self-contained chapters with minimum overlaps and independent references. Provides up-to-date comprehensive coverage of optical switching, technologies, devices, systems and networks. Discusses applications of optical switching in network elements and communications networks.

Download or read book Ferroelectric Ceramics written by Setter and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2012-06-14 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the fascinating aspects of the field of ferroelectric ceramics is its interdisciplinary nature. This aspect is also a source of difficulty for the people working in the field. In a successful team of ferroelectricians the physics theoretician must understand the sintering technologist, the electrical engineer has to communicate with the crystallographer, the organic chemist will interact with the microelectronics engineer, the electron microscopist should collaborate with the systems engineer. It was the purpose of the summer school on ferroelectric ceramics that took place at the Centro Stefano Franscini (ETHZ), Monte VeritA, Ascona, Switzerland, in September 1991 to help to build bridges between people from the different disciplines and to draw for them, in the form of tutorial lectures, some of the different facets of ferroelectrics. The book is a written version of this summer school. It contains the following subjects: ferroelectric materials, physics of ferroelectrics, thin films, processing of ferroelectrics and their applications. It represents a cross section of topics of current interest. Materials are presented (L. E. Cross) from the point of view of the user, i. e. the tailoring of materials for specific applications. Two reviews address the important topic of ferroelectric domains and domain walls (I. Fousek and H. Schmid). In the part devoted to theory, three subjects of current interest are presented: phase transition in thin films (D. R. Tilley), weak ferroelectrics (A. K. Tagantsev) and dielectric losses (A. K. Tagantsev).

Download or read book Measurement Instrumentation and Sensors Handbook Second Edition written by John G. Webster and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-01-29 with total page 1641 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Second Edition of the bestselling Measurement, Instrumentation, and Sensors Handbook brings together all aspects of the design and implementation of measurement, instrumentation, and sensors. Reflecting the current state of the art, it describes the use of instruments and techniques for performing practical measurements in engineering, physics, chemistry, and the life sciences and discusses processing systems, automatic data acquisition, reduction and analysis, operation characteristics, accuracy, errors, calibrations, and the incorporation of standards for control purposes. Organized according to measurement problem, the Spatial, Mechanical, Thermal, and Radiation Measurement volume of the Second Edition: Contains contributions from field experts, new chapters, and updates to all 96 existing chapters Covers instrumentation and measurement concepts, spatial and mechanical variables, displacement, acoustics, flow and spot velocity, radiation, wireless sensors and instrumentation, and control and human factors A concise and useful reference for engineers, scientists, academic faculty, students, designers, managers, and industry professionals involved in instrumentation and measurement research and development, Measurement, Instrumentation, and Sensors Handbook, Second Edition: Spatial, Mechanical, Thermal, and Radiation Measurement provides readers with a greater understanding of advanced applications.

Download or read book Electroceramic Based MEMS written by Nava Setter and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-03-30 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is focused on the use of functional oxide and nitride films to enlarge the application range of MEMS (microelectromechanical systems), including micro-sensors, micro-actuators, transducers, and electronic components for microwaves and optical communications systems. Applications, emerging applications, fabrication technology and functioning issues are presented and discussed. The book covers the following topics: Part A: Applications and devices with electroceramic-based MEMS: Chemical microsensors Microactuators based on thin films Micromachined ultrasonic transducers Thick-film piezoelectric and magnetostrictive devices Pyroelectric microsystems RF bulk acoustic wave resonators and filters High frequency tunable devices MEMS for optical functionality Part B: Materials, fabrication technology, and functionality: Ceramic thick films for MEMS Piezoelectric thin films for MEMS Materials and technology in thin films for tunable high frequency devices Permittivity, tunability and loss in ferroelectrics for reconfigurable high frequency electronics Microfabrication of piezoelectric MEMS Nano patterning methods for electroceramics Soft lithography emerging techniques The book is addressed to engineers, scientists and researchers of various disciplines, device engineers, materials engineers, chemists, physicists and microtechnologists who are working and/or interested in this fast growing and highly promising field. The publication of this book follows a Special Issue on electroceramic-based MEMS that was published in the Journal of Electroceramics at the beginning of 2004. The ten invited papers of that special issue were adapted by the authors into chapters of the present book and five additional chapters were added.

Download or read book Optical Fiber Telecommunications IV A written by Ivan Kaminow and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2002-05-22 with total page 898 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume IVA is devoted to progress in optical component research and development. Topics include design of optical fiber for a variety of applications, plus new materials for fiber amplifiers, modulators, optical switches, light wave devices, lasers, and high bit-rate electronics. This volume is an excellent companion to Optical Fiber Telecommunications IVB: Systems and Impairments (March 2002, ISBN: 0-12-3951739). - Fourth in a respected and comprehensive series- Authoritative authors from a range of organizations- Suitable for active lightwave R&D designers, developers, purchasers, operators, students, and analysts- Lightwave components reviewed in Volume A-Lightwave systems and impairments reviewed in Volume B- Up-to-the minute coverage

Download or read book Vision and Voyages for Planetary Science in the Decade 2013 2022 written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-01-30 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, planetary science has seen a tremendous growth in new knowledge. Deposits of water ice exist at the Moon's poles. Discoveries on the surface of Mars point to an early warm wet climate, and perhaps conditions under which life could have emerged. Liquid methane rain falls on Saturn's moon Titan, creating rivers, lakes, and geologic landscapes with uncanny resemblances to Earth's. Vision and Voyages for Planetary Science in the Decade 2013-2022 surveys the current state of knowledge of the solar system and recommends a suite of planetary science flagship missions for the decade 2013-2022 that could provide a steady stream of important new discoveries about the solar system. Research priorities defined in the report were selected through a rigorous review that included input from five expert panels. NASA's highest priority large mission should be the Mars Astrobiology Explorer Cacher (MAX-C), a mission to Mars that could help determine whether the planet ever supported life and could also help answer questions about its geologic and climatic history. Other projects should include a mission to Jupiter's icy moon Europa and its subsurface ocean, and the Uranus Orbiter and Probe mission to investigate that planet's interior structure, atmosphere, and composition. For medium-size missions, Vision and Voyages for Planetary Science in the Decade 2013-2022 recommends that NASA select two new missions to be included in its New Frontiers program, which explores the solar system with frequent, mid-size spacecraft missions. If NASA cannot stay within budget for any of these proposed flagship projects, it should focus on smaller, less expensive missions first. Vision and Voyages for Planetary Science in the Decade 2013-2022 suggests that the National Science Foundation expand its funding for existing laboratories and establish new facilities as needed. It also recommends that the program enlist the participation of international partners. This report is a vital resource for government agencies supporting space science, the planetary science community, and the public.

Download or read book Handbook of Chemical Vapor Deposition written by Hugh O. Pierson and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 1999-09-01 with total page 507 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Turn to this new second edition for an understanding of the latest advances in the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. CVD technology has recently grown at a rapid rate, and the number and scope of its applications and their impact on the market have increased considerably. The market is now estimated to be at least double that of a mere seven years ago when the first edition of this book was published. The second edition is an update with a considerably expanded and revised scope. Plasma CVD and metallo-organic CVD are two major factors in this rapid growth. Readers will find the latest data on both processes in this volume. Likewise, the book explains the growing importance of CVD in production of semiconductor and related applications.

Download or read book Heavy Minerals in Use written by Maria A. Mange and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-09-10 with total page 1329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is structured thematically, encompassing principles, processes and products, practice and applications. Discussion of processes that control heavy mineral assemblages throughout the rock cycle are presented by leading experts, whose key-note works are followed by specialist case studies. Each work also provides details on the geology of the study area, techniques and data treatment. The high number of contributions represent the collective experience and wisdom of generations of geologists, and provide an invaluable source of references to works carried out in many parts of the world. * Presents a unique and authoritative resource of immediate relevance and practical use to the researcher and applied geologist * Contains case studies demonstrating the broad range of applications of heavy minerals in a variety of modern and ancient geological settings, and in resource exploration * Includes examples of geological problems from employing heavy mineral analysis and establishing criteria that can be applied before deciding to undertake a study

Download or read book Microwave Power Engineering written by Ernest C. Okress and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microwave Power Engineering, Volume 1: Generation, Transmission, Rectification considers the components, systems, and applications and the prevailing limitations of the microwave power technology. This book contains four chapters and begins with an introduction to the basic concept and developments of microwave power technology. The second chapter deals with the development of the main classes of high-power microwave and optical frequency power generators, such as magnetrons, crossed-field amplifiers, klystrons, beam plasma amplifiers, crossed-field noise sources, triodes, lasers. The third chapter describes the efficient transmission of high microwave power by means of oversize tubular metallic, surface, beam, and free space beam transmission waveguides. The fourth chapter is devoted to the many different approaches to a microwave rectifier. This book will prove useful to microwave power engineers and researcher who are interested in the application areas of the technology.

Download or read book Photonic Switching written by H. Scott Hinton and published by Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers(IEEE). This book was released on 1990 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Surface Modification Technologies XIV written by T. S. Sudarshan and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surface Modification Technologies XIV presents the reviewed and edited proceedings of the SMT conference held September 2000, in Paris. The proceedings describe state-of-the-art surface engineering work in thermal spray, high-performance coatings, biomaterials, PVD, CVD, testing, wear resistance, laser-assisted surface modification, corrosion, and other topics. Contents include: Thermal spraying; High performance coatings; Bio materials; Testing and analysis; PVD and CVD; Wear; Laser processing; Corrosion and fatigue; Arts and surfaces; Plasma-assisted and advanced processes; Modeling; and Poster presentations.