Download or read book Language Training Language Proficiency and Earnings of Immigrants written by John E. Hayfron and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Language Training Language Proficiency and Earnings of Immigrants in Norway written by John E. Hayfron and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Norway, the government is directly involved in immigrants' investments in Norwegian language skills both as a provider and subsidizer. This paper assesses the effects of subsidies and language programs on language training choices and evaluates the extent to which language proficiency improves labor market outcomes. The results show that Third World immigrant men who take more than the basic language training (i.e., 240 hours) speak better Norwegian and earn more than those who take fewer hours. A sensitivity analysis shows that the older an immigrant is, the less likely that he will invest in more than the basic level.
Download or read book Language Training Language Proficiency and The Effect of Language Proficiency on Earnings of Migrants in Germany written by Sarah Vlazny and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper uses a probit model to determine the impact of taking a language course on German language proficiency for migrants in Germany. It also models the income returns to language proficiency for fully-employed male migrants. The results show that those who have enrolled in a language course are significantly more likely to be proficient at writing in German. The results also show that certain ethnic identity factors, such as whether the migrant has visited Germans in their home and whether or not they have been discriminated against because of their ethnicity are significantly important in predicting language proficiency. The results imply that those who feel more assimilated in Germany and who have experienced less ethnic discrimination are more proficient in the German language. The model of income returns to language proficiency uses the language the migrants speaks with their friends and whether or not the migrant has visited a German citizen in their home as instrumental variables to correct for potential endogeneity issues. After this correction, the results show that language proficiency does have significantly positive effect on earnings. However, after adding additional employment variables such as the size of the company and the training required for the job, language proficiency is no longer significant. A likely explanation is that there is simultaneous causality between being proficient at the German language and having a high level of training or working at a large company. Another potential explanation is the absence of a variable to control for whether the migrant works in an urban or a rural area, which could be highly correlated with company size, training required, and earnings.
Download or read book The Economics of Language written by Barry R. Chiswick and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007-03-08 with total page 929 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by two internationally renowned experts in the field, this book explores the determinants of dominant language proficiency among immigrants and other linguistic minorities and the consequences of this proficiency for the labour market.Using empirical material from a range of countries, including the USA, Canada, Australia and Bolivia, the a
Download or read book Skilled Migration and Global English written by Frances Giampapa and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-04-28 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The impact of globalisation is increasingly evident through both mass migration and the social, political, and economic changes that have produced new and growing social divides. The increased mobility and the opening of national borders that have arisen as part of these changes has also meant a rise in the diversification of migration (superdiversity) in all its forms. The multi-sited flows of people have also led to the flow of knowledge, culture, and languages. English – as a global language – has taken on a prominent role in the neoliberal discourses of commodification, value and distinction, and the role of language in the reproduction of social inequalities. This edited volume explores a range of issues related to the role of language. In particular, it addresses competency in English and multilingualism, both of which facilitate success for skilled migrants in the workplace and enable them to contribute to development efforts in their home communities. In more general terms, the book looks at the communicative competencies and language resources which skilled migrants require in order to engage productively in professional and development endeavours. It examines the notion that English is the linguistic capital for skilled migration, given its global status in higher education, development, and professional communication. This book was originally published as a special issue of Globalisation, Societies and Education.
Download or read book Language and Earnings written by Yang Wang and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Education of Language Minority Immigrants in the United States written by Terrence Wiley and published by Multilingual Matters. This book was released on 2009-10-28 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Education of Language Minority Immigrants in the United States draws from quantitative and qualitative research methodologies to inform educational policy and practice. It is based on cutting-edge research and policy analyses from a number of well-known experts on immigrant language minority education in the USA. The collection includes contributions on the acquisition of English, language shift, the maintenance of heritage languages, prospects for long-term educational achievement, how family background, economic status, and gender and identity influence academic adjustment and achievement, challenges for appropriate language testing and placement, and examples of advocacy action research. It concludes with a thoughtful commentary aimed at broadening our understanding of the need to provide quality immigrant language minority education within the context of globalization. This collection will be of value to students and researchers interested in promoting educational equity and achievement for immigrant language minority students.
Download or read book The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-07-13 with total page 643 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration finds that the long-term impact of immigration on the wages and employment of native-born workers overall is very small, and that any negative impacts are most likely to be found for prior immigrants or native-born high school dropouts. First-generation immigrants are more costly to governments than are the native-born, but the second generation are among the strongest fiscal and economic contributors in the U.S. This report concludes that immigration has an overall positive impact on long-run economic growth in the U.S. More than 40 million people living in the United States were born in other countries, and almost an equal number have at least one foreign-born parent. Together, the first generation (foreign-born) and second generation (children of the foreign-born) comprise almost one in four Americans. It comes as little surprise, then, that many U.S. residents view immigration as a major policy issue facing the nation. Not only does immigration affect the environment in which everyone lives, learns, and works, but it also interacts with nearly every policy area of concern, from jobs and the economy, education, and health care, to federal, state, and local government budgets. The changing patterns of immigration and the evolving consequences for American society, institutions, and the economy continue to fuel public policy debate that plays out at the national, state, and local levels. The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration assesses the impact of dynamic immigration processes on economic and fiscal outcomes for the United States, a major destination of world population movements. This report will be a fundamental resource for policy makers and law makers at the federal, state, and local levels but extends to the general public, nongovernmental organizations, the business community, educational institutions, and the research community.
Download or read book Language Proficiency and Returns to Female Immigrants in Canada written by Idris Ademuyiwa and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2016-11-15 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientific Study from the year 2016 in the subject Economics - Job market economics, University of Waterloo, course: Labour Economics, language: English, abstract: The literature on returns to immigrants has paid little attention to female immigrants despite continuous increases in female labor force participation and its peculiarities. Using the 2011 National Households Survey of Canada, this paper investigates the effect of language proficiency on returns to female immigrant groups in Canada and the effect across wage distributions. Our results show that returns to female immigrant groups increase with the level of language proficiency and that language penalizes immigrants at higher quantiles of wage distribution more. Also, we find that OLS estimates are biased and inconsistent where sample selection problems exist.
Download or read book Matching Language Proficiency to Occupation written by Barry R. Chiswick and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Language and the Earnings of Immigrants written by Christian Dustmann and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several studies, most of them employing straightforward regression analysis, have concluded that immigrants' proficiency in the language of their adopted country is correlated with their productivity, as measured by earnings. Two weaknesses of these studies are potential unobserved heterogeneity, which could result in over-estimated effects if overall ability is linked with language acquisition, and potential measurement error in the language proficiency measures, which would probably result in under-estimation of language effects. The present study, which uses panel data for a 10-year period in Germany, yields evidence that the latter bias tends to be much larger than the former, implying that language proficiency is far more important than suggested by the existing literature.
Download or read book The Endogeneity Between Language and Earnings written by Barry R. Chiswick and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Economics of Language Policy written by Michele Gazzola and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2016-09-30 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Insights from the application of economic theories and research methods to the management of linguistic diversity in an era of globalization. In an era of globalization, issues of language diversity have economic and political implications. Transnational labor mobility, trade, social inclusion of migrants, democracy in multilingual countries, and companies' international competitiveness all have a linguistic dimension; yet economists in general do not include language as a variable in their research. This volume demonstrates that the application of rigorous economic theories and research methods to issues of language policy yields valuable insights. The contributors offer both theoretical and empirical analyses of such topics as the impact of language diversity on economic outcomes, the distributive effects of policy regarding official languages, the individual welfare consequences of bilingualism, and the link between language and national identity. Their research is based on data from countries including Canada, India, Kazakhstan, and Indonesia and from the regions of Central America, Europe, and Sub-Saharan Africa. Theoretical models are explained intuitively for the nonspecialist. The relationships among linguistic variables, inequality, and the economy are approached from different perspectives, including economics, sociolinguistics, and political science. For this reason, the book offers a substantive contribution to interdisciplinary work on languages in society and language policy, proposing a common framework for a shared research area. Contributors Alisher Aldashev, Katalin Buzási, Ramon Caminal, Alexander M. Danzer, Maxime Leblanc Desgagné, Peter H. Egger, Ainhoa Aparicio Fenoll, Michele Gazzola, Victor Ginsburgh, Gilles Grenier, François Grin, Zoe Kuehn, Andrea Lassmann, Stephen May, Serge Nadeau, Suzanne Romaine, Selma K. Sonntag, Stefan Sperlich, José-Ramón Uriarte, François Vaillancourt, Shlomo Weber, Bengt-Arne Wickström, Lauren Zentz
Download or read book Age and Language Proficiency in Determining Immigrant Success written by Danett Song and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper studies whether there exists a relationship between a foreign-born worker's age upon arrival to the United States, and his/her income, using English-speaking ability as a key factor in measuring assimilation into the host country. I hypothesize that if an individual arrives to the United States at an early age, he/she will, on average, obtain a higher income than someone who arrives at a later age. Using ordinary least squares regression, the study finds that not only does an earlier age on arrival to the United States correlate with an individual's income, but also that English-speaking ability is an important driving influence. Given the prevalence of the immigration debate in the current policy agenda, this research highlights the importance of an individual's English-speaking abilities in obtaining success, if success is defined as higher income. A broader implication of these results is that policies aimed to enhance the English-speaking abilities of immigrants may produce substantial additional benefits for the United States.
Download or read book The Palgrave Handbook of Economics and Language written by V. Ginsburgh and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-08 with total page 766 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Do the languages people speak influence their economic decisions and social behavior in multilingual societies? This Handbook brings together scholars from various disciplines to examine the links and tensions between economics and language to find the delicate balance between monetary benefits and psychological costs of linguistic dynamics.
Download or read book Language Skills and Earnings written by Valeriia Lebed and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effect of Literacy on Immigrant Earnings written by Ana Ferrer and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We use a special Canadian dataset containing both literacy test scores and standard labour market variables to examine the impact of literacy on immigrant earnings. Having a literacy measure allows us to examine issues related to discrimination and the sources of lower returns to foreign acquired education and experience among immigrants. We find that the native-born literacy distribution (assessed in English or French) dominates that for immigrants. However, immigrantsand the native born appear to obtain the same return to their literacy skills. We argue that this does not support a discrimination explanation for immigrant-native born earnings differentials. Immigrant shortfalls in literacy can account for about one-half of the earnings gap between university educated immigrants and similarly educated native-born workers. However, low returns to foreign acquired experience have a larger impact on the differential and those low returns are not related to literacy differences. Thus, low literacy among immigrants is an important input to understanding immigrant-native born earnings differentials but is not the dominant explanation.
