Download or read book Language Proficiency and Hiring of Immigrants written by Magnus Carlsson and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Labor markets in advanced economies have undergone substantial change in recent decades due to globalization, technological improvements, and organizational changes. Due to these developments, oral and written language skills have become increasingly important even in less skilled jobs. Immigrants - who often have limited skills in the host country language upon arrival - are likely to be particularly affected by the increase in language requirements. Despite this increase in literacy requirements, little is known about how immigrants' language proficiency is rewarded in the labor market. However, estimating the causal effect of immigrants' language skills on hiring is challenging due to potential biases caused by omitted variables, reverse causality, and measurement error. To address identification problems, we conduct a large-scale field experiment, where we send thousands of fictitious resumes to employers with a job opening. With the help of a professional linguist, we manipulate the cover letters by introducing common second-language features, which makes the resumes reflect variation in the language skills of real-world migrants. Our findings show that better language proficiency in the cover letter has a strong positive effect on the callback rate for a job interview: moving from the lowest level of language proficiency to a level similar to natives almost doubles the callback rate. Consistent with the recent development that language proficiency is also important for many low- and medium-skilled jobs, the effect of better language skills does not vary across the vastly different types of occupations we study. Finally, the results from employer surveys suggest that it is improved language skills per se that is the dominant explanation behind the language proficiency effect, rather than language skills acting as a proxy for other unobserved abilities or characteristics.
Download or read book Educational and Skills Mismatches Among Immigrants written by Santiago Budría and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper asks to what extent host language proficiency can insure immigrants against the risk of ending up in mismatched jobs. Using the 2003-2016 waves of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA), the paper discriminates between three forms of mismatch, overqualification, under-qualification and over-skilling. Host language proficiency is instrumented using Bleakley and Chin (Rev Econ Stat 86:481-496, 2004) strategy, which exploits the fact that younger children learn languages more easily than older ones. To differentiate between local average treatment effects (LATE) and average treatment effects (ATE), the paper considers two alternative models, 2SLS instrumental variables and biprobit. We find that treatment effects are heterogeneous. English language proficiency among immigrants in Australia reduces the probability of ending up in over-qualified jobs, by between 17.2 (LATE) and 36.7 (ATE) percentage points. The ATE of overs-skilling is also significant and about -8.9 percentage points. In contrast, language skills tend to raise the probability of being under-qualified at the job, by about 8.6 percentage points according to the ATE. Local effects of over-skilling and underqualification fail to be statistically significant, suggesting that host language proficiency may be innocuous for some workers. Overall, the results indicate that host language proficiency is a country-specific, valuable form of human capital.
Download or read book Official Language Proficiency and Immigrant Labour Market Outcomes written by Li Xu and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Numerous studies have demonstrated that higher proficiency in the language spoken in the destination country improves immigrant labour market outcomes. However, because of a lack of objective measures of language skills, previous studies have mainly drawn on subjective measures of language proficiency and were confined to the effect of only one dimension or general language skills. This study examines the effects of test-based measures of official language proficiency in four dimensions - listening, speaking, reading and writing - on immigrant employment and earnings. The analysis focuses on economic principal applicants admitted through the Express Entry (EE) system who immigrated to Canada from 2015 to 2018. A self-reported language measure based on self-reported knowledge of official languages at immigration and mother tongue is also examined for comparison"--Abstract, page 1.
Download or read book Employers perspectives on hiring immigrants written by Berlina, Anna and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Available online: https://pub.norden.org/nord2023-043/ The Nordic countries are facing labour shortages. Yet, integrating migrants into the labour market remains a challenge, especially for non-EU-born citizens and refugee women. Employers play a central role in supporting integration. This report explores Nordic employers' perceptions of hiring low-skilled migrants. It highlights motivations, benefits, and challenges based on literature and interviews.The employers in this study believe long-term advantages outweigh initial challenges. Benefits include access to a larger labour pool, and improved public image. Common challenges are legal hurdles, communication challenges and limited language skills.The study finds that reducing language requirements and collaborating with the public sector, NGOs and staffing agencies are effective strategies. And while wage subsidies positively impact employment, the awareness among employers is limited.
Download or read book Language Proficiency of Migrants written by Hans Bloemen and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We empirically analyze the language proficiency of migrants in the Netherlands. Traditionally, the emphasis in studying language proficiency and economic outcomes has been on the relation between earnings and indicators for language proficiency, motivated by the human capital theory. Here we analyze whether there is a relation between proficiency of the destination language and job level. A lack of language skills may induce the migrant to work in jobs of a lower level leading to lower job satisfaction. We use subjective survey information about job satisfaction and the fit between the migrant's education and skill level and the job. We also use objective information on professional level.Our estimation strategy allows for unobservable correlations between language proficiency and labour market outcomes by employing a simultaneous two equations framework which also exploits the panel nature of our data, by allowing for time persistent random effects. We use a variety of different instrumental variables, some of which are related to linguistic distance, to shed light on the robustness of the results. For men, we find evidence for a positive relationship between indicators for language proficiency and satisfaction with work type and professional level. For women, no impact of language proficiency on the level of the job can be found. Rather, women with lower proficiency levels are not selected into employment in the first place.
Download or read book English Language Proficiency and Occupational Choice written by Marek Hlavac and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I examine the effect of English language profi ciency on the occupational choices of childhood immigrants into the United States. Following Bleakley and Chin (2004; 2010), I use an instrumental variables approach that exploits young children's superior language acquisition abilities to estimate the causal effect of English language skills on immigrants' choice of occupation. I find that immigrants with higher proficiency are more likely to work in jobs that require a sophisticated use of the English language, such as sales and administrative occupations. By contrast, immigrants with a weaker grasp of English are more likely to end up in occupations that do not rely on language skills, e.g. food preparation, farming, or production. I show that this effect is not driven primarily by the education channel, but is rather mostly the result of individuals' choice of the most suitable job within their educational category.
Download or read book The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-07-13 with total page 643 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration finds that the long-term impact of immigration on the wages and employment of native-born workers overall is very small, and that any negative impacts are most likely to be found for prior immigrants or native-born high school dropouts. First-generation immigrants are more costly to governments than are the native-born, but the second generation are among the strongest fiscal and economic contributors in the U.S. This report concludes that immigration has an overall positive impact on long-run economic growth in the U.S. More than 40 million people living in the United States were born in other countries, and almost an equal number have at least one foreign-born parent. Together, the first generation (foreign-born) and second generation (children of the foreign-born) comprise almost one in four Americans. It comes as little surprise, then, that many U.S. residents view immigration as a major policy issue facing the nation. Not only does immigration affect the environment in which everyone lives, learns, and works, but it also interacts with nearly every policy area of concern, from jobs and the economy, education, and health care, to federal, state, and local government budgets. The changing patterns of immigration and the evolving consequences for American society, institutions, and the economy continue to fuel public policy debate that plays out at the national, state, and local levels. The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration assesses the impact of dynamic immigration processes on economic and fiscal outcomes for the United States, a major destination of world population movements. This report will be a fundamental resource for policy makers and law makers at the federal, state, and local levels but extends to the general public, nongovernmental organizations, the business community, educational institutions, and the research community.
Download or read book Living and Working in Ethnic Enclaves written by Julia Beckhusen and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Economics of Language written by Barry R. Chiswick and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007-03-08 with total page 929 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by two internationally renowned experts in the field, this book explores the determinants of dominant language proficiency among immigrants and other linguistic minorities and the consequences of this proficiency for the labour market.Using empirical material from a range of countries, including the USA, Canada, Australia and Bolivia, the a
Download or read book Foreign Languages and Careers written by Lucille J. Honig and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of the report is to explain why so many different types of people in so many different parts of the country need languages in their work, and why students planning their education in preparation for certain kinds of careers should be aware of these needs. The focus is mainly on language as an auxiliary skill, on the careers in which languages are most likely to be needed and on the ways in which foreign language skills can help in individual jobs. Language as an auxiliary skill is considered in relation to: business, industry, and commerce; civil service; education; law; library science; media; science; service occupations; social sciences; and travel and tourism. Language as a primary skill is also described in the context of careers for language specialists in foreign language teaching and in interpreting and translating. A summary outlines the growing involvement of the U.S. in international business and the increasing importance of foreign languages in nearly every kind of occupation and their implications for students. A brief bibliography of publications relating to careers using languages and a list of useful addresses are appended. (Author/NH).
Download or read book The Endogeneity Between Language and Earnings written by Barry R. Chiswick and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The New Americans written by Panel on the Demographic and Economic Impacts of Immigration and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-10-28 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book sheds light on one of the most controversial issues of the decade. It identifies the economic gains and losses from immigration--for the nation, states, and local areas--and provides a foundation for public discussion and policymaking. Three key questions are explored: What is the influence of immigration on the overall economy, especially national and regional labor markets? What are the overall effects of immigration on federal, state, and local government budgets? What effects will immigration have on the future size and makeup of the nation's population over the next 50 years? The New Americans examines what immigrants gain by coming to the United States and what they contribute to the country, the skills of immigrants and those of native-born Americans, the experiences of immigrant women and other groups, and much more. It offers examples of how to measure the impact of immigration on government revenues and expenditures--estimating one year's fiscal impact in California, New Jersey, and the United States and projecting the long-run fiscal effects on government revenues and expenditures. Also included is background information on immigration policies and practices and data on where immigrants come from, what they do in America, and how they will change the nation's social fabric in the decades to come.
Download or read book Jobs for Immigrants Vol 3 Labour Market Integration in Austria Norway and Switzerland written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2012-06-28 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication reviews the labour market integration of immigrants and their offspring in three OECD countries: Austria, Norway and Switzerland, and provides country-specific recommendations.
Download or read book Language on the Job written by Bill Piatt and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Language is rapidly become a controversial issue in the workplace. Given the ongoing language rights debate in this country, this should come as no surprise. For the next several decades, immigrants and other people with limited proficiency in the English language will enter the workforce in increasing numbers. Their presence forces employers, coworkers, and unions to address some complex issues about hiring, supervising, and paying them. This book, written for everyone seeking a better understanding of workplace discrimination, is the first full discussion of language issues arising from rapid changes in the workforce. The author's goal is to provide guidance that minimizes conflict over language issues in the labor market. Among the main topics considered are these: English proficiency tests in hiring and promotion decisions; "speak English only" rules in the workplace; compensation for the language skills of bilingual employees when they are required to use these on the job; and unions providing fair representation to members having limited command of English. As our society grapples with its cultural diversity, a book such as this is especially needed. It offers a commonsense, even-handed approach to law, language, and culture in the workplace. It provides employers and employees sufficient understanding of the issues so that potential language rights controversies on the job can be anticipated and fairly resolved.
Download or read book English language Proficiency s Effects on Earnings and Employment of Foreign born Immigrants in the United States written by Ying Zhen and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book English Language Skills and the Earnings of Self Employed Immigrants in the United States written by Alberto Dávila and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Employing U.S. Census data, this study analyzes how English-language fluency affected the earnings of self-employed immigrant men in the 1980s. Our results suggest that English proficiency became a more important determinant of earnings for foreign-born entrepreneurs in 1990 compared with 1980, even while controlling for factors affecting selection into self-employment.
Download or read book Language Training Language Proficiency and Earnings of Immigrants written by John E. Hayfron and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
