Download or read book Language and Demeanor in Police citizen Encounters written by Phillip C. Shon and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Language and Demeanor in Police-Citizen Encounters offers an alternative explanation of police behavior that provides a significant departure from past and current studies of the police. This book is based on the analysis of talk that occurs between police officers and citizens during routine calls for service that the police receive and initiate. Author Philip Chong Ho Shon uses transcripts from actual conversations between the police and the public to demonstrate the tenuous link between peace and social disorder. Language and Demeanor in Police-Citizen Encounters provides a practical and situated glimpse at the way police officers verbally exercise their coercive power during routinely occurring interactions with the public.

Download or read book Fairness and Effectiveness in Policing written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-04-06 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because police are the most visible face of government power for most citizens, they are expected to deal effectively with crime and disorder and to be impartial. Producing justice through the fair, and restrained use of their authority. The standards by which the public judges police success have become more exacting and challenging. Fairness and Effectiveness in Policing explores police work in the new century. It replaces myths with research findings and provides recommendations for updated policy and practices to guide it. The book provides answers to the most basic questions: What do police do? It reviews how police work is organized, explores the expanding responsibilities of police, examines the increasing diversity among police employees, and discusses the complex interactions between officers and citizens. It also addresses such topics as community policing, use of force, racial profiling, and evaluates the success of common police techniques, such as focusing on crime "hot spots." It goes on to look at the issue of legitimacyâ€"how the public gets information about police work, and how police are viewed by different groups, and how police can gain community trust. Fairness and Effectiveness in Policing will be important to anyone concerned about police work: policy makers, administrators, educators, police supervisors and officers, journalists, and interested citizens.

Download or read book Officer Behavior in Police citizen Encounters written by Karen L. Amendola and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The decision by a police officer to use lethal or less than lethal force in encounters with citizens is an issue of grave concern to police agencies, officers, and the community, and virtually all police-citizen encounters are dynamic situations influenced by a range of factors. A descriptive model is proposed to explain major factors and specific variables that affect the need to use or likelihood of using force. The model depicts a police officer's behavior as the culmination of various influences and actions of others. Model components include antecedent events, traits and behaviors of parties, situational information and characteristics, police officer characteristics, available options, constraints and facilitative factors, and situational outcomes. The model can be used as a framework to organize findings from existing literature and interpreting their meaning. Given the increasingly litigious nature of police-citizen encounters, police officers must consider legalities and political ramifications of a selected action and make decisions accordingly. Perhaps the most critical consideration for a police officer in determining which behavior to select is his or her perception of whether the behavior may be questioned and who will support it. 16 references and 1 figure.

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Language and Law written by Peter Meijes Tiersma and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-03-08 with total page 665 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a state-of-the-art account of past and current research in the interface between linguistics and law. It outlines the range of legal areas in which linguistics plays an increasing role and describes the tools and approaches used by linguists and lawyers in this vibrant new field. Through a combination of overview chapters, case studies, and theoretical descriptions, the volume addresses areas such as the history and structure of legal languages, its meaning and interpretation, multilingualism and language rights, courtroom discourse, forensic identification, intellectual property and linguistics, and legal translation and interpretation. Encyclopedic in scope, the handbook includes chapters written by experts from every continent who are familiar with linguistic issues that arise in diverse legal systems, including both civil and common law jurisdictions, mixed systems like that of China, and the emerging law of the European Union.

Download or read book The Pragmatics of Sensitive Activities in Institutional Discourse written by Maj-Britt Mosegaard Hansen and published by John Benjamins Publishing Company. This book was released on 2018-06-14 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines the way participants orient to aspects of their interactions with others as interpersonally sensitive across an array of languages and contemporary institutional settings. The individual chapters address interactional episodes where the participants signal that elements of the exchanges they are engaged in are problematic in terms of the vulnerability of their own and/or each other’s face and the role-identities assumed throughout the interactions. The volume contributors examine a range of activities. In some of these, an orientation to interpersonal sensitivity is expected, such as citizens’ encounters with traffic police officers, negotiations with a line manager, political news interviews, or public inquiries. Other types of activity, such as service calls or guided tours, involve no such expectations in and of themselves. In some cases, the situated vulnerabilities studied here, whether expected or not, lead to deviation from the expected trajectory of the communicative event, with implications for goal achievement. The collection of papers draws on diverse analytic perspectives. These include interactional discourse analysis, interactional linguistics, and conversation analysis. The diversity of languages and institutional environments examined will be of interest to students and scholars with an interest in face-to-face interaction and serve to stimulate debate in the field of pragmatics and beyond. Originally published as special issue of Pragmatics and Society 7:4 (2016).

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-11-24 with total page 26924 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first edition of ELL (1993, Ron Asher, Editor) was hailed as "the field's standard reference work for a generation". Now the all-new second edition matches ELL's comprehensiveness and high quality, expanded for a new generation, while being the first encyclopedia to really exploit the multimedia potential of linguistics. * The most authoritative, up-to-date, comprehensive, and international reference source in its field * An entirely new work, with new editors, new authors, new topics and newly commissioned articles with a handful of classic articles * The first Encyclopedia to exploit the multimedia potential of linguistics through the online edition * Ground-breaking and International in scope and approach * Alphabetically arranged with extensive cross-referencing * Available in print and online, priced separately. The online version will include updates as subjects develop ELL2 includes: * c. 7,500,000 words * c. 11,000 pages * c. 3,000 articles * c. 1,500 figures: 130 halftones and 150 colour * Supplementary audio, video and text files online * c. 3,500 glossary definitions * c. 39,000 references * Extensive list of commonly used abbreviations * List of languages of the world (including information on no. of speakers, language family, etc.) * Approximately 700 biographical entries (now includes contemporary linguists) * 200 language maps in print and online Also available online via ScienceDirect – featuring extensive browsing, searching, and internal cross-referencing between articles in the work, plus dynamic linking to journal articles and abstract databases, making navigation flexible and easy. For more information, pricing options and availability visit www.info.sciencedirect.com. The first Encyclopedia to exploit the multimedia potential of linguistics Ground-breaking in scope - wider than any predecessor An invaluable resource for researchers, academics, students and professionals in the fields of: linguistics, anthropology, education, psychology, language acquisition, language pathology, cognitive science, sociology, the law, the media, medicine & computer science. The most authoritative, up-to-date, comprehensive, and international reference source in its field

Download or read book Officer De escalation and Use of Force written by Conrad McLaughlin and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability to use force by police officers is one of their defining features. Police officers have a monopoly on the legitimate use of coercive force in the United States. A police officer's decision to use force in an encounter depends on the behavior of both officer and citizen in an officer-citizen encounter. Each party interacts with, and responds to, the other over the course of the encounter, with each behavior and subsequent response drawing the encounter closer to its ultimate conclusion. As representatives of government, police officers have perhaps greater control in steering the interaction towards or away from a forceful conclusion. Using various techniques, police officers often can de-escalate an officer-citizen encounter before use of force is required. These techniques include things such as explaining the purpose of the interaction, keeping a respectful and safe distance from citizens, providing an introduction to citizens, exhibiting a calm and controlled demeanor, speaking directly and concisely, repeating important information, engaging in active listening, and clearly explaining the consequences of the offenders actions. The current study utilizes police officer body camera footage to examine if and how these eight officer de-escalation practices predict whether or not officers' resort to using force in an officer-citizen encounter. Furthermore, the eight techniques are divided into proactive and reactive techniques in order to test whether a specific set of de-escalation techniques are more effective than another.

Download or read book Critical Issues in Policing written by Roger G. Dunham and published by Waveland Press. This book was released on 2020-07-01 with total page 710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The eighth edition of this comprehensive collection includes carefully chosen articles with fresh perspectives on the most current trends in policing. Critical Issues in Policing provides ready access to the brightest minds in the field of policing. The 36 contributions sharpen understanding of the intricacies of police work and encourage readers to change from holding the police responsible for crime rates to holding them accountable for specific goals, tasks, and objectives. The new edition continues its authoritative, insightful coverage of complex elements of policing and presents vivid and pragmatic illustrations of law enforcement issues. The anthology offers an alternative to traditional policing texts. It covers philosophies of policing that guide discussions about police culture, police misconduct, use of force, operational concerns, and technological innovations.

Download or read book The Fragmentation of Policing in American Cities written by Hung-En Sung and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2001-11-30 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The relationship between police and the communities and citizens they serve has long been a topic of study and controversy. Sung provides a place-oriented theory of policing to guide strategies for crime control and problem-oriented policing. He contends that community policing is a product of power relations among communities. Sung also explores: •how police and citizens interact with each other in stratified and residentially segregated communities •how services are delivered by police •how citizens respond to those charged with protecting them and enforcing the law Illuminating the police-neighborhood and advancing a clear hypothesis for explaining and predicting changes in police behavior, this both provides a conceptual platform for public policy debate, planning, and evaluation of police, public safety, and democratic governance. According to Sung, place has everything to do with the success of community policing, and the attitudes of both police and citizens contribute to the success or failure of police initiatives as well as the level of crime inherent in a community. By focusing on the social and political forces that shape the residential patterns of American cities and the organization of police work, Sung provides a theoretical framework for considering the relations between police and citizens in different neighborhoods. He concludes that current modes of police-community relations and crime prevention will improve only if the policies adopted encourage the transformation of marginal communities into communities where citizens feel a shared responsibility for maintaining and peace and order. This unique contribution to a growing field of study provides an ecological theory of police-citizen relations that begins with the inequality and segregation inherent in many American cities.

Download or read book Police Problem Solving written by James Charles Fox and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Data collected during participant-as-observer study of police citizen contacts in 3 departments in the midwest.

Download or read book The Quick Fix Guide to Academic Writing written by Phillip C. Shon and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2017-10-30 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lecturers request your electronic inspection copy here Whether you’re writing a paper, essay, assignment, or dissertation, this short and punchy book helps you improve your writing skills through minimal effort. Providing you with a quick set of writing rules to follow, this tried and tested guide uses a unique and easy to follow grid-based system. Packed with advice on understanding (big and little) common errors made in academic writing, it helps you identify patterns in your own writing and demonstrates how to reshape or re-evaluate them - and raise your writing game in any academic context. How-to tutorials include: Synthesizing and critiquing literature – and using your coding sheet to develop critical arguments Shaping abstracts, introductions, discussions, and conclusions – to improve the logic and structure of your writing Applying lessons-learned to future projects, whatever format of academic writing. Save time and improve your grades, with this essential quick fix guide! SAGE Study Skills are essential study guides for students of all levels. From how to write great essays and succeeding at university, to writing your undergraduate dissertation and doing postgraduate research, SAGE Study Skills help you get the best from your time at university. Visit the SAGE Study Skills hub for tips, resources and videos on study success!

Download or read book Verbal Judo written by George J. Thompson, PhD and published by Zondervan. This book was released on 2010-10-12 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Verbal Judo is the martial art of the mind and mouth that can show you how to be better prepared in every verbal encounter. Listen and speak more effectively, engage people through empathy (the most powerful word in the English language), avoid the most common conversational disasters, and use proven strategies that allow you to successfully communicate your point of view and take the upper hand in most disputes. Verbal Judo offers a creative look at conflict that will help you defuse confrontations and generate cooperation from your spouse, your boss, and even your teenager. As the author says, "when you react, the event controls you. When you respond, you’re in control." This new edition features a fresh new cover and a foreword demonstrating the legacy of Verbal Judo founder and author George Thompson, as well as a never-before-published final chapter presenting Thompson’s "Five Universal Truths" of human interaction.

Download or read book Police Behavior written by Richard J. Lundman and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1980 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This course-oriented anthology of eighteen studies of police behavior provides a representative sample of the newest research. Illustrating the environmental or organizational roots of police conduct and misconduct, the selections present a coherent theory of police behavior and dispute the conventional wisdom of its origins.

Download or read book Procedural Justice During Police citizen Encounters written by Mengyan Dai and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent theoretical advances in the social psychology of procedural justice have facilitated the development of a process-based approach to policing. This approach emphasizes the fairness of the manner in which the police exercise their discretion during encounters with citizens. However, little is known about the effects of procedural justice on citizen behavior during encounters. Applying the theories of procedural justice and the social interactionist theory of coercion, this dissertation uses data from systematic social observations of police-citizen encounters to examine how procedurally fair behavior of the police affects two types of citizen behavior, citizen disrespect and noncompliance with police requests. A series of logistic regression models show that, as suggested by process-based policing, procedurally fair behavior of the police has substantive influence on citizen behavior. However, some procedural justice factors differentially affect citizen disrespect and noncompliance, suggesting that these two types of citizen behavior are distinct forms of behavior and should be examined separately. Further analyses reveal that some procedural justice factors interact with other independent variables and influence citizen disrespect and noncompliance. These findings demonstrate the importance of understanding the effects of various factors, especially police procedurally fair behavior, on citizen cooperative interactions. The implications of these findings, for both policy and future research, are considered.

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Language Linguistics written by E. K. Brown and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 792 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Law Enforcement Communication and Community written by Howard Giles and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2002-07-25 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given widespread media attention to issues of crime and its prevention, police heroism, and new modes of police-community involvements, this international collection is timely. It is unique in examining ways in which police and citizens communicate across a range of contexts and problem areas. While much attention is afforded the critical roles of communication by police agencies, there has been little recourse to communication science and its theories. Likewise, the latter has not, until recently, concerned itself with analyzing police-citizen interactions. This volume examines the character of such encounters, forging new theoretical frameworks having implications for practice in many instances. Topics include media portrayals of law enforcement, communication and new technologies within police culture, domestic violence, hate crimes, stalking, sexual abuse, and hostage negotiations. This book should be relevant not only to a range of social sciences besides Communication scholars and students, but also to practitioners working in the field.

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Police and Policing written by Michael D. Reisig and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2014-03-31 with total page 697 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The police are perhaps the most visible representation of government. They are charged with what has been characterized as an "impossible" mandate -- control and prevent crime, keep the peace, provide public services -- and do so within the constraints of democratic principles. The police are trusted to use deadly force when it is called for and are allowed access to our homes in cases of emergency. In fact, police departments are one of the few government agencies that can be mobilized by a simple phone call, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. They are ubiquitous within our society, but their actions are often not well understood. The Oxford Handbook of Police and Policing brings together research on the development and operation of policing in the United States and elsewhere. Accomplished policing researchers Michael D. Reisig and Robert J. Kane have assembled a cast of renowned scholars to provide an authoritative and comprehensive overview of the institution of policing. The different sections of the Handbook explore policing contexts, strategies, authority, and issues relating to race and ethnicity. The Handbook also includes reviews of the research methodologies used by policing scholars and considerations of the factors that will ultimately shape the future of policing, thus providing persuasive insights into why and how policing has developed, what it is today, and what to expect in the future. Aimed at a wide audience of scholars and students in criminology and criminal justice, as well as police professionals, the Handbook serves as the definitive resource for information on this important institution.