Download or read book Langage et cognition humaine written by Anne Reboul and published by Presses Universitaires de Grenoble. This book was released on 2007 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: La spécificité cognitive des êtres humains par rapport aux autres espèces animales ne fait guère de doute. Une question centrale de ce point de vue est celle de l'évolution de cette spécificité. On donnera à cette question des réponses différentes si l'on considère qu'elle est de nature quantitative, une simple question de degré de complexité par exemple ou de nature qualitative, certaines capacités cognitives humaines seraient spécifiques à l'espèce. Dans le premier cas, on pourrait arguer de l'augmentation du volume cérébral pour expliquer les modifications intervenues depuis l'ancêtre commun à l'homme et aux espèces apparentées (grands primates), modifications qui ne seraient donc que la conséquence de ce changement purement biologique. Dans le deuxième cas, il faudrait supposer que ces capacités spécifiques auraient évolué d'une façon ou d'une autre, soit qu'elles aient fait l'objet d'un projet de sélection pour elles-mêmes, soit qu'elles soient le résultat d'autres capacités sous-jacentes proprement humaines qui auraient, quant à elles, fait l'objet du processus de sélection. Une propriété cognitive, qui apparaît clairement humaine, est le langage sur l'évolution duquel des hypothèses contradictoires sont défendues aujourd'hui. Qui plus est, le langage, notamment dans ses aspects lexicaux et communicationnels, n'est pas isolé des autres mécanismes cognitifs qui interviennent dans sa production et dans sa compréhension, et dans le développement desquels l'acquisition linguistique joue une part non négligeable. Cet ouvrage propose donc une description des spécificités cognitives humaines, discute de leur lien avec le langage ainsi que de l'évolution de celui-ci et de ces spécificités cognitives humaines.
Download or read book La linguistique cognitive written by Catherine Fuchs and published by Editions OPHRYS. This book was released on 2004 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Aux origines de la cognition humaine written by Michael Tomasello and published by La Découverte. This book was released on 2022-08-25 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pourquoi les primates et les humains, si proches génétiquement, ont-ils eu une évolution si différente ? D'où vient cette aptitude spécifique à notre espèce à acquérir, développer et transmettre les connaissances et les savoir-faire qui lui permettent de transformer ses conditions d'existence ? Michael Tomasello, l'un des rares chercheurs à avoir mené des expériences sur les capacités cognitives des grands singes et des enfants, répond à ces questions en montrant le rôle fondamental de l'apprentissage culturel et social dans la transmission des acquis chez ces derniers. Il montre que ce qui caractérise la cognition proprement humaine repose sur des processus évolutionnistes, historiques et ontogéniques qui ont permis à ces capacités de se maintenir et de se transformer. S'appuyant sur le langage, la représentation symbolique et le développement psychologique, il souligne le rôle fondamental de l'" attention conjointe ", qui sous-tend le partage d'intentions, et met en évidence l'" effet cliquet " de la transmission culturelle, qui empêche tout retour en arrière. Ainsi, chaque nouvelle génération hérite des outils matériels et intellectuels créés par les générations antérieures.
Download or read book La construction du sens dans les langues naturelles written by Vincent Nyckees and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 1134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Langage et cognition written by Jean-Yves Pollock and published by PUF. This book was released on 1998-06-01T00:00:00+02:00 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Développé sous l'impulsion de Noam Chomsky, ce programme minimaliste de la grammaire générative est l'une des approches cognitivistes les plus influentes en linguistique contemporaine. L'auteur présente les outils conceptuels fondamentaux d'un modèle qui vise à isoler, à travers l'étude détaillée d'un grand nombre de langues, les propriétés universelles d'un module particulier de l'appareil conceptuel humain, sa faculté de langage.
Download or read book Language and Truth written by Jacques Moeschler and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-05-29 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nature of truth is a current preoccupation both in political and social debates. The emergence and consequences of fake news and misinformation are at the core of what some call a post-truth world. Divided into two parts, Language and Truth develops the theoretical framework of language, truth, and communication. The book illustrates the way in which fake news is adhered to or rejected using case studies taken from political discourse such as the recent use of the word’s “genocide” and “denazification” by Vladimir Putin. It explores sources of information such as gossip and the everyday as well as exceptional uses of language such as humour. This is vital reading for scholars, researchers, and students of pragmatics, semantics, philosophy of language, cognitive psychology, sociolinguistics, language and communication, and language and politics within linguistics, psychology, and communication studies.
Download or read book Langage et cognition written by Jean-Pierre Desclés and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Non Lexical Pragmatics written by Jacques Moeschler and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2019-12-02 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents both general issues in pragmatic theories and specific arguments for an inferential approach to pragmatics. At the present time, pragmatics is generally approached from the neo- and post-Gricean perspectives. These perspectives, which stem from philosophical theories of meaning, can be viewed as paradigms, that is, sets of concepts, procedures and results which structure scientific investigations. The main purpose of the book is to defend a new post-Gricean approach to the substantial lexicon and to the functional lexicon (tenses, connectives), and more specifically to explore lexical and non-lexical pragmatics. A precise approach to lexical and non-lexical pragmatic contents will be developed, with special emphasis on non-lexical temporal and causal information. A model for inferring temporal relations in discourse (the directional inferences model based on French data) is developed. This approach to temporal representations and inferences will be completed by a discussion on how causal inferences are triggered in discourse interpretation. The role of conceptual causal relations, as well as causal procedural information encoded in discourse connectives (mainly parce que ‘because’, donc ‘therefore’, et ‘and’), is empirically and theoretically supported. Pragmatic theory can be described as a very powerful interface system which gives access to lexical and functional information, and which contains rich pragmatic enrichment processes, for non-lexical information (quantifier, tenses, connectives) as well as for lexical information (event predicates). The book’s originality stems from its demonstration that pragmatic enrichment is structurally constrained, and occurs at the level of explicature.
Download or read book Why Language written by Jacques Moeschler and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2021-08-23 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is, at present, no book introducing the general issue of why language is specific to human beings, how it works, why language is not communication and communication is not language, why languages vary and how they evolved. Based on the most recent works in linguistics and pragmatics, Why Language? addresses many questions that everyone has about language. Starting from false claims about language and languages, showing that language is not communication and communication is not language, the first part (Language and Communication) ends by proposing a difference between linguistic rules and communicative principles. The second part (Language, Society, Discourse) includes domains of language and language uses which are generally taken as extrinsic to language, such as language variety, discourse and non-ordinary (literary) usages. Special attention is given to figures of discourse (metaphor, metonymy, irony) and literary usages such as narration and free indirect style. The reader, either specialist or amateur in language science, will find a first and unique synthesis about what we know today about language and what we have yet to learn, sketching what could be the future of linguistics in the next decades.
Download or read book Lexical Pragmatics and Theory of Mind written by Sandrine Zufferey and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2010 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concept of theory of mind (ToM), a hot topic in cognitive psychology for the past twenty-five years, has gained increasing importance in the fields of linguistics and pragmatics. However, even though the relationship between ToM and verbal communication is now recognized, the extent, causality and full implications of this connection remain mostly to be explored. This book presents a comprehensive discussion of the interface between language, communication, and theory of mind, and puts forward an innovative proposal regarding the role of discourse connectives for this interface. The proposed analysis of connectives is tested from the perspective of their acquisition, using empirical methods such as corpus analysis and controlled experiments, thus placing the study of connectives within the emerging framework of experimental pragmatics.
Download or read book Cognitive Pragmatics written by Hans-Jörg Schmid and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2012-08-31 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Speakers tend to compose their utterances in such a way that the message they want to get across is hardly ever fully encoded by the meanings of the words and the grammar they use. Instead speakers rely on hearers adding conceptual and emotive content while interpreting the contextually appropriate meanings and intentions behind utterances. This insight, which is of course particularly relevant in all kinds of indirect, figurative or humorous talk, lies at the heart of the linguistic discipline of pragmatics. If pragmatics is the study of meaning-in-context, then cognitive pragmatics can be broadly defined as encompassing the study of the cognitive principles and processes involved in the construal of meaning-in-context. While it would seem only natural that pragmatics as such should have addressed such cognitive issues anyway, it has mainly been due to the historical rooting of this discipline in the philosophy of language that psychological aspects have not been in the pragmatic limelight to date. Being part of the 9-volume-series Handbooks of Pragmatics, this volume is the first to systematically survey this terrain from a wide range of perspectives. It collects state-of-the-art contributions by leading experts from the fields of pragmatics, psycholinguistics, cognitive linguistics, clinical linguistics and historical linguistics. The volume is divided into four parts which tackle the following questions: Part I: The cognitive principles of pragmatic competence What are the general cognitive principles underlying pragmatic competence, i.e. the skill to arrive at context-dependent meanings of utterances? What are the cognitive underpinnings of language users' ability to compute or infer intended meanings in the role of hearers and to give hints as to how to decode intended meanings in the role of speakers? Part II: The psychology of pragmatics What are the actual cognitive processes taking place during online construal of meaning-in-context on the basis of encoded messages? How is pragmatic competence acquired in childhood? What are the types, sources and effects of pragmatic disorders, i.e. impairments of pragmatic competence? Part III: The construal of non-explicit and non-literal meaning-in-context What are the cognitive principles and processes involved in the construal of meanings of non-explicit and indirect utterances? How do we process figurative meanings, humour and gestures? Part IV: The emergence of linguistic structures from meaning-in-context What are the repercussions of the (repeated) construal of context-dependent meanings on linguistic structures and the linguistic system? How does the system change under the influence of the construal of meanings in social situations? Reduced series price (print) available! [email protected].
Download or read book L Instinct du langage written by Steven Pinker and published by Odile Jacob. This book was released on 1999-02-01 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quelles sont les structures universelles du langage? Quelles sont ses bases biologiques? Que savent les bébés en naissant? Existe-t-il des gènes de la grammaire? Parviendra-t-on à recréer le langage humain par l'intelligence artificielle? Quelle différence entre les humains et les animaux? Que nous apprennent les idiots savants et les enfants loups? Pense-t-on en langage ou en image? Existe-t-il une «langue mère»? Pourquoi existe-t-il autant de langues différentes? Et pourquoi est-il si difficile d'en apprendre une à l'âge adulte? Voici la somme la plus élaborée et la plus accessible à l'heure actuelle, par l'une des personnalités les plus brillantes du monde scientifique international. Steven Pinker dirige le centre de neurosciences cognitives du Massachusetts Institute for Technology.
Download or read book Linguistique cognitive written by Nicole Delbecque and published by De Boeck Supérieur. This book was released on 2006-09-26 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Que révèlent nos façons de communiquer ? Comment la langue contribue-t-elle à structurer notre pensée ? En reliant systématiquement l’étude du langage à celle de la culture ambiante, l’approche cognitive fait ressortir l’apport de la culture dans les conceptualisations linguistiques et la structuration de la pensée. Cet ouvrage met en lumière la diversité des conceptualisations et s’intéresse à des langues et cultures variées. Les six premiers chapitres sont consacrés aux disciplines bien établies que sont la sémantique lexicale, la morphologie, la syntaxe, la phonétique et la phonologie, la linguistique historique et la typologie ; les quatre derniers chapitres traitent de domaines en plein essor : la sémantique culturelle, la pragmatique, la linguistique textuelle et la linguistique comparée. L’analyse de nombreux échantillons, dont bon nombre d’extraits en français, permet au lecteur de se familiariser avec les aspects structurels et fonctionnels d’une langue et de prendre conscience des moules conceptuels sous-jacents à l’expression langagière. L’étude comparée d’exemples provenant de plusieurs langues fait également apparaître des tendances universelles dans la conceptualisation linguistique. Enrichi de définitions, de tableaux, de schémas, de résumés, de références, d’exercices et – dans cette nouvelle édition également d’un solutionnaire commenté des exercices – cet ouvrage est un véritable instrument de base pour tous ceux qui se servent ou se serviront professionnellement de la langue comme outil de travail : linguistes, traducteurs, interprètes, professeurs de langues.
Download or read book Neuropsycholinguistic Perspectives on Language Cognition written by Corine Astesano and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2015-06-12 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together experts from the fields of linguistics, psychology and neuroscience to explore how a multidisciplinary approach can impact on research into the neurocognition of language. International contributors present cutting-edge research from cognitive and developmental psychology, neuropsychology, psycholinguistics and computer science, and discuss how this contributes to neuropsycholinguistics, a term coined by Jean-Luc Nespoulous, to whom this book is dedicated. Chapters illustrate how researchers with different methods and theoretical backgrounds can contribute to a unified vision of the study of language cognition. Reinterpreting neuropsycholinguistics through the lens of each research field, the book demonstrates important attempts to adopt a comprehensive view of speech and language pathology. Divided into three sections the book covers: linguistic mechanisms and the architecture of language the relationship between language and other cognitive processes the assessment of speech and language disabilities and compensatory mechanisms. Neuropsycholinguistic Perspectives on Language Cognition presents a unique contribution to cognitive science and language science, from linguistics to neuroscience. It will interest academics and scholars in the field, as well as medical researchers, psychologists, and speech and language therapists.
Download or read book Langage et cognition written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Therapie Cognitive Et Emotions written by Jean Cottraux and published by Elsevier Masson. This book was released on 2014-01-14 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nous sommes tous piégés par nos émotions, et le travail sur celles-ci constitue le quotidien de tout psychothérapeute. Thérapie cognitive et émotions expose de manière synthétique comment les thérapies comportementales et cognitives (TCC) abordent les problèmes émotionnels et leurs interrelations avec les comportements et les cognitions. Livre polyphonique, il regroupe dix experts et propose une présentation théorique des modèles des émotions et de leurs applications pratiques en thérapie individuelle, de groupe ou en thérapie familiale. Témoignage de vigueur, de rigueur et de créativité, il ouvre la voie à un renouvellement des pratiques et des formations, au coeur de la troisième vague des TCC. Cette présente édition comporte un nouveau chapitre qui synthétise les données de la médecine fondée sur des preuves qui valident certaines des thérapies de troisième vague. Elle met également au jour certains faits marquants tels que l'accent mis sur l'optimisme par la psychologie positive, la thérapie focalisée sur la compassion ainsi que le travail patient effectué par les chercheurs pour valider les approches cognitives et comportementales des émotions. F. Dattilio, F. Mehran, D. Page, P. Philippot, C. Pull, M.-C. Pull, A. Salamat, R. Toth, P. Vuille ont participé à cet ouvrage. Livre polyphonique, Thérapie cognitive et émotions regroupe dix experts et propose une présentation théorique des modèles des émotions et de leurs applications pratiques en thérapie individuelle, de groupe ou en thérapie familiale.
