Download or read book Landscape Genetics of Black Bears Ursus Americanus in the Northern Lower Peninsula NLP of Michigan USA written by Hope M. Draheim and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Estimation of Black Bear Ursus Americanus Abundance in the Northern Lower Peninsula of Michigan Using Microsatellite DNA Markers written by Brian P. Dreher and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Estimating Black Bear Ursus Americanus Abundance and Habitat Suitability on Private Lands in the Northern Lower Peninsula of Michigan written by Amy Renee Braig and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Black bear (Ursus americanus) are an ecologically significant and economically important species and in Michigan their population is increasing and expanding geographically. Harvest data and nuisance and sighting reports indicate bears concentrate in certain areas within the northern Lower Peninsula (NLP). A distinct area of apparent concentration is within a collection of private-lands historically referred to as 'club country.' While previous studies have attributed the concentration of bears to wildlife-oriented management practiced throughout much of club country, no research has explicitly measured if bears do indeed exist in this area at a higher density or if these managed lands are in fact highly suitable for black bear. The 101 km2 Turtle Lake Club (TLC), located in the heart of club country in the northeastern portion of the NLP served as the study area. ... Concentrations of black bear within club country are generally attributed wildlife-oriented management practices which are thought to have improved habitat suitability for black bear. I developed a cover-type-scale habitat suitability index (HSI) model for evaluating seasonal habitat requirements for black bear. The HSI model assessed suitability based on the life requisites for black bear in the upper great lakes region (UGLR) through ground habitat sampling. Habitat suitability scores ranged from 0.02- 1.00 between cover types and from 0.65-1.00 for seasonal food scores. Our model indicated the study area provided moderate to highly suitable habitat for black bear year-round. Scores assigned to the study area were comparable to or higher than estimates previously reported for the UGLR. Estimated HSI scores were similar to managed/highly productive areas. (Abstract shortened)
Download or read book Landscape Genetics of Black Bears Ursus Americanus on the Kenai Peninsula Alaska written by Stacie Joy Robinson and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Importance of Multiple Study Areas in Landscape Genetics written by Ruth Short Bull and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I used individual-based landscape genetics analyses in 12 study areas in western Montana and northern Idaho to assess the influence of landscape features on gene flow among American black bears (Ursus americanus). I compared the influence of landscape features among the study areas, tested the effect of reducing the number loci on support for landscape genetic models, and examined possible explanations of why different landscape features were supported in the different study areas. To determine the influence of landscape features on gene flow, I examined the relationship between pair-wise genetic distances and ecological (cost) distances between individuals in each study area by applying a similar landscape genetic modeling approach as Cushman et al. (2006). Tests of isolation by distance (IBD) after removing landscape effects were non-significant in nearly all study areas. Five study areas had significant landscape genetic models (p 0.04) resulted in different significant landscape features using subsets of loci. The results suggest that researchers should subsample loci and use relatively low p-values (p
Download or read book Habitat Utilization and Autecology of the Black Bear Ursus Americanus in the Northern Lower Peninsula of Michigan written by Brian M. Rudolph and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Status of the Black Bear Ursus Americanus in the Northwestern Lower Peninsula of Michigan written by Todd Wayne Rigney and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Synthesis of Bear Population Dynamics in Michigan written by Sarah Laggner Mayhew and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Michigan Department of Natural Resources (DNR) manages the black bear (Ursus americanus) population of Michigan primarily through manipulating the harvest by adjusting the quota of hunting licenses. Estimates of the bear population play a key role in determining the appropriate license quota to achieve the DNR's bear population objectives. Past population estimates were unreliable or infrequent, so we developed a statistical catch-at-age analysis (SCAA) of the Upper Peninsula (UP) and northern Lower Peninsula (NLP) bear populations of Michigan from 1992-2015 to inform the bear management program and to allow the DNR to more closely monitor changes in the bear population over time. To support the models, we estimated the aging and sexing error rates of harvested Michigan black bears. We estimated aging error by comparing the true age of known-age bears to the age determined through cementum annuli aging techniques. Aging error rates were low (2%) at the lowest age categories and increased as bear age increased. We also estimated the sexing error rates by comparing the genetic sex of harvested bears to the sex hunters reported at the time of harvest. Sexing error was higher for females than males and differed by region. The error rates we estimated, however, were unlikely to have major effects on analyses based on sex and age data unless those data were heavily skewed toward one sex and the sexes exhibited large differences in age distribution. We also described the reproductive patterns of Michigan black bears and looked for reproductive trends over age, time and geographic region. Results showed differences between the UP and NLP. Adult females in the UP began breeding at an older age than those in the NLP and had smaller litters. By 4 years old, however, the proportion of females that bred each year was approximately 50% in each region, with only occasional major fluctuations, likely due to catastrophic mast failures. Overall, the Michigan black bear populations are as or more productive than other black bear populations in eastern North America. We developed the SCAA models for both the UP and NLP regions of Michigan to monitor the black bear population and to support the DNR's need to assess effects of past management and support decisions on future management actions. Within each region, the final selected models showed a stable to slightly increasing bear population in the UP and an increasing population in the NLP from 1992 to 2015. Model evaluation raised no major concerns of model behavior. Sensitivity analysis showed the models to be insensitive to simplifying assumptions and available data, except for the availability of mark-recapture population estimates. We recommend the DNR continue to estimate the bear populations through independent mark-recapture surveys or other means every 5 years. The SCAA models provide evidence of a stable bear population in the UP and an increasing population in the NLP. The bear populations' high annual mortality rates are offset by high fecundity.
Download or read book Human Impact on the Black Bear in Michigan s Lower Peninsula written by Albert Murray Manville and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ecology and Behaviour of North American Black Bears written by Roger A. Powell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1997 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What main factors affect mammalian home range size and dynamics? To what extent do constraints on home range characteristics vary between the sexes? This book aims to address these issues by concentrating the authors' expertise and experience in studies of home ranges in general and focusing on their studies of black bears of the Pisgah Forest, North Carolina, in particular. The authors provide an overview of the black bears and methods for their study before discussing concepts of home range, developing predictive habitat quality models, addressing influences of food production on social organization and exploring the mating behaviour of male bears.
Download or read book Identifying Landscape wide Spatial Heterogenity in Population Density and Genetic Sturcture of American Black Bear Ursus Americanus in New York and the Northeastern United States written by Catherine Sun and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Population-level patterns reflect the aggregation of individual-level movement, survival, and recruitment processes over a landscape. Estimating population density, distribution, and genetic structure is important for understanding species ecology, monitoring viability, and for developing effective management plans. Long-term monitoring is particularly necessary for detecting changes that have management implications. However, limited resources often impede the collection of sufficient high-resolution demographic data for robust population-level inferences, especially for species with extensive distributions and large ranges of individual movement. The American back bear (Ursus americanus) is a game species in New York (NY) that has been growing in abundance and expanding in distribution. However, robust knowledge of spatial variation in population density or genetic structure informative about current and future population trajectories is lacking. This research estimated patterns of landscape-wide spatial heterogeneity in NY bear populations using noninvasive, cost-efficient methods. First, I investigated the genetic structure of bears in NY and across the northeastern United States using neutral markers to reveal differentiation and patterns of restricted gene flow that may pre-date historical human disturbances. Genetic connectivity across political borders supports previous hypotheses of bear movement that motivate continued monitoring and coordination between management units. Second, I developed a citizen science (CS) program and conducted simulations with a novel integrated model to assess the utility of opportunistic CS data in augmenting systematic data to estimate population parameters. Then, I estimated bear density and patterns in bear density, distribution, and occupancy related to landcover types in southern NY with systematic spatial capture-recapture, occupancy, and CS approaches from 2015-2018. Across years, mean predicted density was 7.3 bears /100 km2 (95% CI: 4.7 - 11.5) with population growth, survival, fecundity, and landcover patterns suggesting that bears may continue to expand into areas with more human-impacted landscapes. Accounting for dependence between collocated sampling methods increased overall detection probability and highlighted the importance of appropriate spatial scales of different sampling methods for inference on population density. These findings provide the first spatially explicit, non-harvest based estimates of black bear population patterns across southern NY, and offer insights into the design of large scale, multi-method, long term population monitoring.
Download or read book Habitat Suitability Index Models written by Lynn L. Rogers and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Patterns in Landscape wide Spatial Heterogeneity of American Black Bear Ursus Americanus Populations Identified Through Genetic and Noninvasive Approaches written by Catherine Sun and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Population-level patterns reflect the aggregation of individual-level movement, survival, and recruitment processes over a landscape. Estimating population density, distribution, and genetic structure is important for understanding species ecology, monitoring viability, and for developing effective management plans. Long-term monitoring is particularly necessary for detecting changes that have management implications. However, limited resources often impede the collection of sufficient high-resolution demographic data for robust population-level inferences, especially for species with extensive distributions and large ranges of individual movement. The American back bear (Ursus americanus) is a game species in New York (NY) that has been growing in abundance and expanding in distribution. However, robust knowledge of spatial variation in population density or genetic structure informative about current and future population trajectories is lacking. This research estimated patterns of landscape-wide spatial heterogeneity in NY bear populations using noninvasive, cost-efficient methods. First, I investigated the genetic structure of bears in NY and across the northeastern United States using neutral markers to reveal differentiation and patterns of restricted gene flow that may pre-date historical human disturbances. Genetic connectivity across political borders supports previous hypotheses of bear movement that motivate continued monitoring and coordination between management units. Second, I developed a citizen science (CS) program and conducted simulations with a novel integrated model to assess the utility of opportunistic CS data in augmenting systematic data to estimate population parameters. Then, I estimated bear density and patterns in bear density, distribution, and occupancy related to landcover types in southern NY with systematic spatial capture-recapture, occupancy, and CS approaches from 2015-2018. Across years, mean predicted density was 7.3 bears /100 km2 (95% CI: 4.7 - 11.5) with population growth, survival, fecundity, and landcover patterns suggesting that bears may continue to expand into areas with more human-impacted landscapes. Accounting for dependence between collocated sampling methods increased overall detection probability and highlighted the importance of appropriate spatial scales of different sampling methods for inference on population density. These findings provide the first spatially explicit, non-harvest based estimates of black bear population patterns across southern NY, and offer insights into the design of large scale, multi-method, long term population monitoring.
Download or read book Population Genetic and Behavioral Studies of Black Bears Ursus Americanus in Southeast Alaska written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I studied population, genetic and behavioral aspects of black bear ( Ursus americanus) in the temperate rainforest of Southeast Alaska. At a landscape level, I used population genetics to investigate black bear movement in the Alexander Archipelago and mainland of Southeast Alaska. I found that geographic structure defined by salt water and glaciers curtails black bear movement, to the extent that most regions have significantly genetically differentiated black bear populations. I found that black bears in Southeast Alaska cluster into seven genetic types. I also found that two larger, nuclear genetic clusters of black bears in Southeast Alaska correspond, geographically, to the two ancient mitochondrial lineages of black bears. This perhaps indicates that the nuclear genome retains a genetic signature of the secondary contact of these two lineages. I also studied black bear vagility on a much smaller scale---at the level of riparian areas of salmon spawning streams. I used genetic tagging to demonstrate that the group of bears using these streams is in demographic flux throughout the course of the salmon stream, and that a high number of individual bears use these streams. The persistence of intact salmon streams in Southeast Alaska likely contributes to high black bear population density. In a final aspect of my dissertation research, I used tetracycline biomarking to estimate the population size of black bears on Kuiu Island to be 1.5 bears/km2. This estimate is among the highest recorded bear densities.
Download or read book Context Matters for Black Bears written by Jennifer B. Smith and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Conservation Genetics of Black Bears in Arizona and Northern Mexico written by Angela Cora Varas-Nelson and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because American black bears (Ursus americanus) are an important game species in Arizona and are endangered in México, an understanding of the population structure, gene flow, and connectivity are important for effective management. Black bears inhabit coniferous and broadleaf deciduous woodlands in southern Arizona and northern México, usually in sky islands (sky islands are mountains that rise from the desert and are isolated from each other). Because a single sky island is too small to support a viable bear population, black bears move through desert lowlands to reach other sky islands. My objective was to assess genetic structure, connectivity, and conservation implications for sky island black bears in southern Arizona and northern México. I addresses 4 components of bear ecology and genetics: a literature review of genetic information available for black bears in North America; the use of 2 mitochondrial DNA genes (Control Region and ATP synthase protein 8) to study the phylogenetic relationship of black bears from the sky islands of southern Arizona and northern México relative to all North America; the use of 10 microsatellite loci to detect the current genetic structure of black bears in the sky islands in Arizona and northern México; and the use of non-invasive samples collected from the field to determine bear density and population size for black bear in Sierra San Luis, Sonora, México. These studies provide information that can be used by biologists, land managers, and others to assist in the conservation of black bears and their habitat.
Download or read book Watchable Wildlife written by Lynn L. Rogers and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
